辽西地区中华蜜蜂囊状幼虫病病毒部分结构基因的克隆及分析

为了检测感染辽西地区中华蜜蜂的囊状幼虫病病毒(Sacbrood bee virus,SBV),克隆辽西地区中华蜜蜂囊状幼虫病病毒部分结构基因并分析,试验设计中华蜜蜂囊状幼虫病病毒5′端2对特异性引物,用Trizol法提取囊状幼虫病病毒总RNA,通过RT-PCR方法扩增病毒基因组的部分序列,转入pMD18-T载体进行克隆扩增后测序。结果表明:测序的SBV部分基因总长831bp,编码序列长496bp,与我国广东省的病毒序列同源性为94%;根据不同地区此病毒5′端序列进行遗传进化分析,发现至少有3个不同的蜜蜂囊状幼虫病病毒基因型。结果说明不同地区SBV5′端结构基因存在的差异可能与致病性有关。     

蜜蜂囊状幼虫病RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶部分基因的克隆和序列分析

蜜蜂的囊状幼虫病是中华蜜蜂常见且危害严重的疾病,病原为一小正链RNA病毒。本试验通过囊状幼虫病的部分基因的克隆及序列分析,发现该序列与广东的囊状幼虫病毒有较高的同源性,但也存在着个别的碱基差异,可能是一种新型的变异囊状幼虫病毒。     

蜜蜂囊状幼虫病RT-PCR快速检测方法的初步应用

蜜蜂的囊状幼虫病是中华蜜蜂常见且为害严重的疾病,病原为小正链RNA病毒。实验通过RT-PCR的方法检测出了该病毒,经序列测定发现与广东的蜜蜂囊状幼虫病毒基因序列有所差别,推测可能是由于地区和蜜蜂种类差异导致的。     

利用RNA干扰技术治疗中蜂囊状幼虫病新方法取得进展

<正>中蜂囊状幼虫病自1972年在我国广东省发生后,迅速蔓延至全国的中华蜜蜂主产区,成为饲养的中华蜜蜂毁灭性病害。虽然经40多年人工选育和自然进化,中蜂囊状幼虫病已不再具有毁灭性,但仍是中华蜜蜂饲养最主要的病害。中蜂囊状幼虫病的病原是中蜂囊状幼虫病病毒(Chinese sacbrood virus,CSBV),其感染1³日龄幼虫,幼虫体内聚集大量的液体和病毒粒     

蜜蜂囊状幼虫病防治

<正>蜜蜂囊状幼虫病又称"尖头病"、"囊雏病",是由肠道病毒属的囊状幼虫病毒引起的传染病。西方蜜蜂对该病的抵抗力较强,感染后常可自愈,东方蜜蜂对该病的抵抗力弱,在该病大面积流行时,中蜂几乎遭到毁灭性打击。该病是蜜蜂的主要病害之一。1病原引起蜜蜂囊状幼虫病的病原是肠道病毒属的囊状幼虫病毒。该病毒对外界环境的抵抗力不强,其在59℃热水中只能生存10min,室温干燥     

辽宁地区中华蜜蜂囊状幼虫病的RT--PCR检测

蜜蜂的囊状幼虫病是中华蜜蜂常见且危害严重的疾病。通过RT-PCR方法,我们在辽宁地区检测出了该病,并且辽宁地区的蜂囊状幼虫病病毒与早期我国在广东地区检测到的中蜂囊状幼虫病病毒基因序列有所不同,推测中蜂囊状幼虫病病毒可能存在地区的差异性。     

辽宁地区中华蜜蜂囊状幼虫病的RT-PCR检测

蜜蜂的囊状幼虫病是中华蜜蜂常见且危害严重的疾病。通过RT-PCR方法,我们在辽宁地区检测出了该病,并且辽宁地区的蜂囊状幼虫病病毒与早期我国在广东地区检测到的中蜂囊状幼虫病病毒基因序列有所不同,推测中蜂囊状幼虫病病毒可能存在地区的差异性。     

山东省中华蜜蜂中囊病发生情况及防控技术建议规程

正中华蜜蜂囊状幼虫病(ChineseSacbroodDisease),简称中囊病,是由蜜蜂囊状幼虫病毒引起的一种病毒病。中华蜜蜂极易感染该病毒,蜂群一旦发病,蜜蜂死亡率较高,而且会迅速在其他蜂群传播,危害极其严重。山东是传统的中华蜜蜂养殖大省,中蜂饲养具有悠久的历史。2017年,山东省现代农业产业技术体系蜂产业创新团队对我省中蜂主要存养区的蜜蜂病害发生情况进行了详细调查。调查发现,本省近年来中蜂囊状幼虫病发病     

囊状幼虫病的病理特征及防治

囊状幼虫病是一种属于马勒托尔族的滤过性病毒引起的蜜蜂幼虫传染病。它在寒季的前期发病,蜜蜂幼虫大量死亡。死幼虫呈囊状形态,囊中充满粒状水液。鉴定囊状幼虫病滤过性病毒时,将死幼虫组织放入氧化硅过滤器或瓷性过滤器内,     

蜜蜂囊状幼虫病的防治

蜜蜂囊状幼虫病又叫“尖头病”、“囊雏病”。是由肠道病毒属的囊状幼虫病毒引起的蜜蜂幼虫传染病，在世界各地均有发生。西方蜜蜂对该病的抵抗力较强，感染后常可自愈；东方蜜蜂对该病的抵抗力弱，在我国曾发生的几次大面积流行中，许多地区的中蜂几乎遭到毁灭性损失，该...     

Low prevalence of honeybee viruses in Spain during 2006 and 2007

RNA viruses that affect honeybees have been involved in colony losses reported around the world. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of honeybee viruses during 2006-2007 in Spanish professional apiaries, and their association with colony losses. Four hundred and fifty-six samples from apiaries located in different geographic regions of Spain were analyzed. Thirty-seven percent of the samples had viral presence. Most (80%) had one virus and 20% two different viruses. All the analyzed viruses, Deformed Wing Virus (DWV), Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus (IAPV), Black Queen Cell Virus (BQCV), Sacbrood Virus (SBV) and Kashmir Bee Virus (KBV) were detected, but detection rates were lower than expected. According to these results and considering the high prevalence of other honeybee pathogens in Spain, the role of viruses in colony losses in Spain may be discussed.     

Rapid spread and association of Schmallenberg virus with ruminant abortions and foetal death in Austria in 2012/2013

Schmallenberg virus (SBV) has emerged in summer–autumn 2011 in north-western Europe. Since then, SBV has been continuously spreading over Europe, including Austria, where antibodies to SBV, as well as SBV genome, were first detected in autumn 2012. This study was performed to demonstrate the dynamics of SBV spread within Austria, after its probable first introduction in summer 2012. True seroprevalence estimates for cattle and small ruminates were calculated to demonstrate temporal and regional differences of infection. Furthermore, the probability of SBV genome detection in foetal tissues of aborted or stillborn cattle and small ruminants as well as in allantoic fluid samples from cows with early foetal losses was retrospectively assessed.     

表观遗传学在雌性蜜蜂级型分化研究中的应用

表观遗传学是研究细胞核DNA序列没有改变的情况下,基因功能的可逆的、可遗传的改变,并最终导致了表型变化的一门遗传学分支学科;其研究内容主要包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、染色质重塑、非编码RNA调控等。表观遗传学在雌性蜜蜂级型分化研究中的应用主要体现在DNA甲基化、非编码RNA调控等方面。本文对其作了综述,并讨论了表观遗传学在蜜蜂科学研究中的应用前景及它们之间的相互促进作用。     

Genetic and phylogenetic analysis of South Korean sacbrood virus isolates from infected honey bees (Apis cerana)

Sacbrood virus (SBV) is one of the most destructive honey bee viruses. The virus causes failure to pupate and death in both larvae and adult bees. Genetic analysis of SBV infected honey bees (Apis cerana) from five different provinces was carried out based on three nucleotide sequences; one partial structural protein coding sequence and two non-structural protein coding sequences. Sequences amplified by three specific primer pairs were aligned and compared with reference sequences deposited in the GenBank database. Sequence alignments revealed a low level of sequence variation among Korean isolates (≥ 98.6% nucleotide identity), regardless of the genome regions studied or the geographic origins of the strains. Multiple sequence comparisons indicated that Korean SBV isolates are genetically closely related to Chinese and other Asian strains. Interestingly, the Korean SBV isolates showed a number of unique nucleotides and amino acids that had not been observed in other published strains. Korean and other Asian isolates from the host A. cerana and the UK, European and Japanese strains from the host Apis mellifera showed differences in nucleotide and deduced amino acid identities. This suggests that host-specificity exists among SBV strains isolated from different species. Phylogenetic relatedness between compared sequences was analyzed by MEGA 4.1 software using the neighbor-joining (NJ) method with a boot-strap value of 1000 replicates. Obtained topologies were in agreement with previous studies, in which a distinct group of SBV was formed by UK and European genotypes and another group was comprised of Asian genotypes including strains that originated from China, Japan (japonica), India and Nepal. However, phylogeny based on a partial protein structural coding sequence grouped all Korean SBV isolates identified in A. cerana as a separate cluster. Our findings suggest that further study, including Korean SBV isolated from A. mellifera, is needed.     

Schmallenberg virus—Two years of experiences

In autumn 2011, a novel species of the genus Orthobunyavirus of the Simbu serogroup was discovered close to the German/Dutch border and named Schmallenberg virus (SBV). Since then, SBV has caused a large epidemic in European livestock. Like other viruses of the Simbu serogroup, SBV is transmitted by insect vectors. Adult ruminants may show a mild transient disease, while an infection during a critical period of pregnancy can lead to severe congenital malformation, premature birth or stillbirth. The current knowledge about the virus, its diagnosis, the spread of the epidemic, the impact and the possibilities for preventing infections with SBV is described and discussed.     

Schmallenberg virus epidemic: Impact on milk production,reproductive performance and mortality in dairy cattle in the Netherlands and Kleve district,Germany

Schmallenberg virus (SBV), a novel orthobunyavirus that rapidly spread throughout north-western Europe in 2011, caused congenital malformations in lambs and goat kids (Van den Brom et al., 2012) and newborn calves (Hoffmann et al., 2012). The impact of the SBV epidemic seemed limited however, in terms of the number of affected herds with malformed offspring (European Food Safety Authority, 2012b). Nevertheless, little is known with regard to the overall within-herd impact of SBV infection. The objective of the current study was to quantify the impact of the 2011 SBV epidemic on the productivity of dairy cattle in the Netherlands and the district of Kleve, Germany.     

The emergence of Schmallenberg virus across Culicoides communities and ecosystems in Europe

Schmallenberg virus (SBV), a novel arboviral pathogen, has emerged and spread across Europe since 2011 inflicting congenital deformities in the offspring of infected adult ruminants. Several species of Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) have been implicated in the transmission of SBV through studies conducted in northern Europe. In this study Culicoides from SBV outbreak areas of mainland France and Italy (Sardinia) were screened for viral RNA. The role of both C. obsoletus and the Obsoletus complex (C. obsoletus and C. scoticus) in transmission of SBV were confirmed in France and SBV was also discovered in a pool of C. nubeculosus for the first time, implicating this species as a potential vector. While collections in Sardinia were dominated by C. imicola, only relatively small quantities of SBV RNA were detected in pools of this species and conclusive evidence of its potential role in transmission is required.     

Potential use of hematological and acute phase protein parameters in the diagnosis of acute Schmallenberg virus infection in experimentally infected calves

The initial viraemic phase of Schmallenberg virus (SBV) infection in bovine animals is characterized by the non-specific and inconspicuous clinical signs of pyrexia (>40 °C), drop in milk yield and sometimes diarrhea. As a result, the early detection of SBV epizootics can difficult, and typically only become apparent when the congenital form of the disease is observed. The aim of the study was to describe the course of the acute phase response and haematological findings in bovine calves following experimental SBV infection. No clinical signs except for increase in rectal temperature were observed in the calves inoculated subcutaneously with a Polish strain of SBV. Viral RNA was detected in serum at 2 and 4 days post inoculation (dpi). SBV antibodies were first detected by ELISA (9–21 dpi), and subsequently by virus neutralization test (14–32 dpi). The hematological parameters showed a reduction in mid-size leucocytes (MID), and also in red blood cell count (RBC). An increase in mean corpuscular hemoglobin was also observed in SBV infected calves. No significant difference in acute phase proteins (APP) was observed between experimentally infected and control calves, suggesting limited potential as diagnostic biomarker of acute SBV infection.