鹅源I型禽副粘病毒JG97株F基因的分子特性分析

根据GenBank中鸡新城疫病毒（NDV）基因序列合成了1对引物,通过RT-PCR扩增出了鹅源I型禽副粘病毒（AMPV-1）或NDV JG97株的F基因。将扩增片段克隆到pGEM-T载体中,并进行了序列测定。该片段含1个完整的、长1662bp的F基因开放阅读框（ORF）,编码的F蛋白长553个氨基酸,其中含有12个半胱氨酸残基和6个潜在的糖基化位点,其裂解位点的氨基酸顺序为^112R-R-Q-K-R-F^117,与NDV强毒株特征相符。同源性分析表明,JG97株与LZ-NDV、NA-1、SF02、Taiwan95和YG97株的核苷酸和蛋白氨基酸的同源性分别为94．6％-99．6％和96．6％-99．5％,与LaSota株的核苷酸和氨基酸的同源性仅为84．6％和88,8％。结果表明JG97株与LZ-NDV、NA-1、SF02、Taiwan95和YG97等5个毒株的遗传关系较近,而与LaSota株差异较大。     

鹅源新城疫病毒JG97株HN基因的克隆与遗传分析

根据GenBank中公开的鸡新城疫病毒(NDV)血凝素-神经氨酸酶(HN)基因序列合成了1对引物,通过RT-PCR扩增出了鹅源NDV JG97分离株的HN基因.将扩增产物克隆到pGEM-T载体中,并进行了序列测定.结果表明,扩增的基因片段含1个完整的、长1 716 bp的HN基因阅读框(ORF),编码的571个氨基酸中含13个Cys残基和5个潜在的糖基化位点.同源性分析结果表明,JG97株与SF02、GD/1/98/Go、JS/1/97/Go、JS/2/98/Go、JS/5/01/Go、NA-1、SD/5/04/Go和ZJ/1/00/Go等8个毒株的HN基因和氨基酸同源性分别为96.3%～98.2%和97.0%～98.9%,而与F48E9株分别为84.8%和89.8%,与La Sota株分别为82.1%和86.9%,表明JG97株与我国其他鹅源NDV毒株的亲缘关系较近,它们可能具有共同的来源,但与经典NDV毒株间差异较大.此外,鹅源NDV毒株HN蛋白中有6个独特的氨基酸变异,另有14个仅与Taiwan95和VOL95毒株共有的氨基酸变异.     

鹅源禽副粘病毒NA-1株HN蛋白基因的遗传变异研究

鹅副粘病毒分离株NA-1株经11日龄鸡胚增殖后纯化。提取病毒的基因组RNA，采用RT-PCR扩增出与预期设计的1．7kb大小相符合的特异条带。将扩增产物提纯后克隆入pMD18-T载体，经纯化、筛选及酶切鉴定后，初步获得了含鹅副粘病毒HN基因的阳性克隆，并对阳性克隆进行了测序。测序后拼接得出HN基因的全序列长度为1740bp，该基因的ORF总长为1716bp，编码571个氨基酸。与GenBank下载的15株参考毒株比较HN基因编码区全核苷酸序列，发现所测NA-1株与国内标准强毒株F48E9核苷酸的同源性为84．5％，氨基酸的同源性为89．5％；与传统的疫苗株La Sota核苷酸的同源性为82．2％，氨基酸的同源性为88．5％；与鹅源禽副粘病毒SF02株核苷酸的同源性为97．1％，氨基酸的同源性为97．4％；与鹅源禽副粘病毒YG97株核苷酸的同源性为97．3％，氨基酸的同源性97．4％。说明NA-1株和SF02株、YG97株亲缘关系较近，它们三者可能有着共同的来源。根据基因树分析，NA-1株应属于基因VII型新城疫病毒。由此更进一步证实新城疫可以感染水禽，且对鹅具有高度的致死性。     

鹅副粘病毒NA-1分离株HN蛋白基因的克隆与序列分析

鹅副粘病毒分离株NA-1经11日龄鸡胚增殖后纯化.提取病毒的基因组RNA,采用RT-PCR扩增出与预期设计的1.7kb大小相符合的特异条带.将扩增产物提纯后克隆入pMD 18-T载体,经纯化、筛选及酶切鉴定后,初步获得了含鹅副粘病毒HN基因的阳性克隆,并对阳性克隆进行测序.测序后拼接得出HN基因的全序列长度为1 740bp,该基因的ORF总长为1 716 bp,编码571个氨基酸.与GenBank下载的15株参考毒株比较HN基因编码区全核苷酸序列,发现所测NA-1毒株与参考毒株YG97核苷酸序列同源性为97.3%,与F48E9同源性为84.5%,与La Sota为82.2%.同源性分析表明NA-1相对于NDV在HN基因上发生了较大的变异.     

鹅副粘病毒YG97分离株HN蛋白基因的克隆与序列分析

鹅副粘病毒分离株YG97经10日龄鸡胚增殖后纯化，提取病毒的基因组RNA，采用RT－PCR一次性扩增出与预期设计的1.9kb大小相符合的特异性条带。将扩增产物提纯后克隆入pGEM^R-T载体，经转化、筛选及酶切鉴定后，初步获得了含鹅副粘病毒HN基因的阳性克隆，进一步进行了序列测定。序列分析表明所扩增的病毒的HN基因片段的长度为198bp，共编码571个氨基酸。同源性分析表明，YG97与LaSota毒株核苷酸同源性为79％，氨基酸的同源性为87％。与台湾1995年分离株Taiwan/95核苷酸和氨基酸的同源性分别为93％、96％，说明YG97与Taiwan/95亲缘关系较近，具有较高的相似性。与国内外部分发表的其它NDV毒株的核苷酸同源性在80％－84％之间，氨基酸的同源性在87％－91％之间。同源性分析表明YG97相对于经典的NDV在HN基因上发生了较大的变异。     

10株新城疫病毒分离F基因的克隆及遗传变异分析

对10株具有一定代表性的NDV分离株的F基因进行RT-PCR扩增和序列测定,核苷酸序列及其推导的氨基酸序列比较结果表明:F基因核苷酸序列的同源性为93.6%,推导氨基酸序列同源性为95.39%;根据F基因裂解位点的氨基酸序列推测,其中2株属于弱毒株,8株属于强毒株,该结果与致病性试验测定的结果完全相符;不同年代、不同宿主分离株的F基因序列一致,高度保守.通过BLAST SEARCH比较,8株强毒株与广东鹅分离株GDGO(Y97)高度同源,处于进化树的同一分支.2株弱毒分离株与La Sota疫苗株仅有1～4个氨基酸改变,推测可能是免疫或散播La Sota疫苗株.抗原性指数分析表明HI分离株有三处明显变异,抗原位点推测分析表明H分离株比F48株和La Sota多出6个抗原位点,而Liu株抗原位点在446位后缺失.     

云南2株基因Ⅱ型新城疫病毒F基因变异特性分析

对云南省2个发病鸡场的组织病料进行病原分离,通过血凝、血凝抑制试验和RT-PCR检测,证明分离毒株为新城疫病毒（Newcastle disease virus, NDV）。采用特异性引物经RT-PCR扩增F基因,纯化后克隆至pMD18-T载体,并对其进行测序。序列比对及系统发育分析结果表明,分离获得的云南省2株 NDV毒株F基因核苷酸与La Sota株的核苷酸同源性为99.4%～99.6%,与国内外分离的流行毒株SP13和NDV027344核苷酸同源性均为99.7%～99.8%,与F48E9株的核苷酸同源性为89.0%～89.1%;F蛋白氨基酸与La Sota株的氨基酸同源性为99.3%～99.5%,与流行毒株SP13和NDV027344的氨基酸同源性均为99.5%～99.6%,与F48E9株的氨基酸同源性为91.8%～92.0%。系统发育分析结果表明,2株病毒均属于基因Ⅱ型,裂解位点氨基酸为G-R-Q-G-R-L,属于弱毒株裂解位点氨基酸排列特征。     

鸭源新城疫病毒SS1株全基因序列测定及遗传进化分析

对从贵州省某三穗鸭养殖场病死鸭体内分离的1株新城疫病毒(NDV)Sheldrakeduck/China/Guizhou/SS1/2014(简称SS1株)进行部分生物学特性测定及全基因测序与分析。结果表明:SS1株的MDT、ICPI和IVPI分别为52 h、1.89和2.80,F基因编码蛋白的裂解位点序列为~(112)R-R-Q-K-R-F~(117),HN基因编码571个氨基酸,均符合NDV强毒株特征;SS1株基因组全长为15 192 bp,各基因片段核苷酸序列与代表性基因Ⅶ型毒株ZJ1、NA-1、SF02和FP1/02相似性最高,达96.3%~98.7%,而与疫苗株V4、La Sota和Mukteswar同源性最低,为82.8%~85.4%;根据F基因序列绘制的系统进化树显示SS1株属于ClassⅡ基因Ⅶd亚型。F和HN蛋白氨基酸序列分析发现,SS1株F蛋白中和抗原位点第170位氨基酸、HN蛋白抗原区及其邻近氨基酸位点与国内当前流行的基因Ⅶd亚型NDV毒株一致,而与疫苗株有较大的差异。此外,交叉血凝抑制试验结果表明,SS1株与传统疫苗株La Sota的抗原同源性为84.5%,而与新型基因Ⅶ型疫苗株A-Ⅶ的抗原同源性为100%,表明分离株与疫苗株存在一定的抗原差异。     

JS/1/97/Go株GPMV NP基因的克隆、序列分析

根据GenBank中发表的GPMV SF02株的NP基因的核苷酸序列设计合成一对引物,采用RT-PCR扩增出与预期设计的1470bp大小相符的片断,将此扩增产物克隆入PMD18-T载体,进行序列测定和分析.结果表明:所扩增的NP基因的核苷酸长为1 470bp,共编码490个氨基酸.同源性分析表明:JS/1/97/Go与国内的SF02株的NP基因核苷酸同源性为98.6%,氨基酸同源性为99.6%.由此可见,鹅副粘病毒JS/1/97/Go分离株与SF02株的亲缘关系较近,同属于新城疫Ⅶ型基因.而其与LaSota株的核苷酸同源性为85.2%,氨基酸同源性为90.8%.说明该毒株相对于经典的NDV在NP基因上已发生了较大的变异.     

我国部分地区鸡新城疫病毒流行株遗传变异分析

将近年来从不同地区临床病例中分离鉴定的10株鸡新城疫病毒(NDV)流行株,用RT-PCR方法分别扩增出大小为535 bp的F基因重要功能区,并克隆到pGEM-T载体上,经酶切分析结合核苷酸序列测定而确诊。10株分离株核苷酸序列同源性达到81.9%～99.4%,其中8个分离株F蛋白裂解位点的氨基酸顺序为:112R-R-Q/R-K/R/R/F117,为NDV强毒株,且具有基因Ⅶ型的典型特征,即在101位和121位氨基酸残基分别为K(赖氨酸)和V(缬氨酸);其余2株病毒F蛋白裂解位点的氨基酸顺序为:112G-R-Q-G-R-L117,表明它们为NDV弱毒株,在13位和17位氨基酸分别为M(蛋氨酸)和I(异亮氨酸),属于基因Ⅱ型。根据上述测序结果并参照已发表NDV F基因序列绘制出遗传进化树,遗传进化树显示,上述8个强毒株和台湾95年分离株同源性较高,而2个弱毒株与La Sota株同源性较高。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

獭兔睾丸的组织学观察

家兔作为一种实验动物 ,推动了繁殖技术的发展。本试验通过对不同年龄公獭兔的睾丸进行组织学观察、测定 ,研究精子的发生规律 ,为系统地进行繁殖生理工作提供依据。1　材料与方法选 60日龄、75日龄、90日龄 3个年龄公獭兔各5只 ,用外科手术法摘取两侧睾丸 ,放入 Bouin氏液中固定 ,二甲苯透明 ,石蜡包埋 ,切成 5～ 8μm切片 ,H.E.染色。在显微镜下观察 ,并进行定量组织学指标测定及差异性比较。2　结果和讨论2 .1　睾丸定量组织学指标的测定结果　见表 1。表 1　獭兔睾丸定量组织学指标　　　μm,个 /精细管60日龄 75日龄 90日龄曲细精管…     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Observations of fracture of the anconeal process of the ulna of swine

Fractures of the anconeal process of 5 pigs ranging in age from 4 to 8 months were studied radiographically and histologically. Clinically, animals with a fracture of the anconeal process had a "tight," restricted gait. In pigs at 4.5 months of age, a radiolucent line through the base of the anconeal process was composed of fibrocartilage, fibrous connective tissue, and hyaline cartilage. Subperiosteal proliferation of woven bone was located along the cranial surface of the olecranon, adjacent to the base of the anconeal process. In older animals, the radiolucent line through the anconeal process contained variable amounts of fibrous connective tissue and fibrocartilage. The proliferation of subperiosteal bone at the base of the anconeal process formed a "buttress callus" which retained a radiolucent area between the callus and the proximal surface of the anconeal process. The latter region of radiolucency was continuous with the transversely oriented line that traversed the base of the anconeal process.     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.