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1.
试验应用气相色谱-质谱法测定植物源性饲料中丁草胺残留量。玉米蛋白饲料、玉米麸质饲料、赖氨酸盐酸盐、赖氨酸硫酸盐和苏氨酸试样用正己烷提取,经凝胶色谱和固相萃取柱净化,气相色谱-质谱仪检测,外标法定量。添加水平在0.01~1mg/kg时,回收率范围为83.8%~99.6%;相对标准偏差为9.3%~14.7%;测定低限为0.01mg/kg。  相似文献   

2.
气相色谱-质谱法测定猪尿中地西泮   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
建立了猪尿中地西泮的气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)检测方法。样品经C18固相萃取柱净化后进行气相色谱-质谱测定。结果表明,方法定量限为0.5μg/L,线性范围为10~500μg/L。在三个添加浓度2、4、6μg/L水平上,地西泮的平均回收率为70%~120%,批内相对标准偏差〈20%、批间相对标准偏差〈12%。  相似文献   

3.
气相色谱-质谱法快速测定猪尿中地西泮   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
建立了猪尿中地西泮的气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)检测方法.样品经C18固相萃取柱净化后进行气相色谱-质谱测定.结果表明,方法定量限为0.5 μg/L,线性范围为10~500 μg/L.在三个添加浓度2、4、6 μg/L水平上,地西泮的平均回收率为 70%~120%,批内相对标准偏差< 20%、批间相对标准偏差< 12%.  相似文献   

4.
建立了奶牛饲料样品中甲草胺、乙草胺、莠去津3种除草剂的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)检测方法,样品经分散固相萃取法处理后,取上清液用安捷伦HP-5气相色谱毛细管柱分离,气相色谱-质谱联用仪进行测定。3 种除草剂在 5~500 μg/kg 内线性关系良好。平均添加回收率为94.5%~115.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD) 为4.4%~9.2%,最低检测限为1.5 μg/kg。本方法前处理操作快速简单,可重复性好,满足国内外对饲料中甲草胺、乙草胺和莠去津的快速、准确的检测要求,适合大量样品的准确定量和定性分析。  相似文献   

5.
赵晓凤  杨中 《饲料工业》2007,28(2):54-57
利用气相色谱-串联质谱法分析猪肉组织中的磺胺二甲嘧啶残留量。样品脱脂后,采用二氯甲烷提取样品中的目标化合物,经萃取、硅烷化衍生后,用气相色谱-串联质谱法检测,根据保留时间和质谱图谱与对照品比较进行定性与确认。所检测的磺胺二甲嘧啶的二级质谱图与标准的二级质谱图匹配良好,方法快速准确,干扰较少。该法测定磺胺二甲嘧啶的回收率为76%~110%,检出限为0.01mg/kg,适用于磺胺二甲嘧啶残留量的检测。利用气相色谱-串联质谱法分析猪肉组织中的磺胺二甲嘧啶残留量。样品脱脂后,采用二氯甲烷提取样品中的目标化合物,经萃取、硅烷化衍生后,用气相色谱-串联质谱法检测,根据保留时间和质谱图谱与对照品比较进行定性与确认。所检测的磺胺二甲嘧啶的二级质谱图与标准的二级质谱图匹配良好,方法快速准确,干扰较少。该法测定磺胺二甲嘧啶的回收率为76%~110%,检出限为0.01mg/kg,适用于磺胺二甲嘧啶残留量的检测。  相似文献   

6.
气相色谱-质谱法测定猪肉中的莱克多巴胺   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
建立了气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)测定猪肉中莱克多巴胺残留的方法.用乙腈提取试样中的莱克多巴胺,经SLH固相萃取柱净化,氮气吹干,衍生化后进行气相色谱-质谱法测定.猪肉中莱克多巴胺的检出限为0.5μg/kg,定量限为2.0μg/kg.溶液中莱克多巴胺浓度在0.02~1.0μg/mL范围内,峰面积与之呈良好的线性关系.平均回收率在81.4%以上,批内相对标准偏差小于8.4%.  相似文献   

7.
气相色谱-串联质谱测定乳粉中6种雌激素   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
建立了乳粉中6种雌激素残留(己烯雌酚、α-雌二醇、β-雌二醇、雌三醇、雌酮、双酚A)的气相色谱-串联质谱的检测方法.样品经酶解、提取、衍生后经气相色谱-串联质谱测定,在多反应监测模式下进行定性定量分析.结果表明,6种雌激素的校准曲线均呈现良好的线性,相关系数大于0.999.双酚A的定量限为0.03μg/kg,其余5种的定量限为0.3μg/kg,平均回收率93.93%,平均相对标准偏差6.05%,符合方法学要求,并己成功应用于市售乳粉中6种雌激素残留的检测.  相似文献   

8.
建立了猪尿中莱克多巴胺的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)检测方法。样品经β-盐酸葡萄糖醛苷酶/芳基硫酸酯酶水解,乙酸乙酯提取、盐酸溶液萃取,SCX固相萃取柱净化,N,O-双三甲基硅基-三氟乙酰胺(BSTFA)衍生化后进行气相色谱-质谱测定。结果表明,方法检出限为0.3μg/L,定量限为0.5μg/L,线性范围为10-500μg/L。在2、4、8μg/L三个添加浓度水平上,莱克多巴胺的平均回收率为85%-115%,批内、批间相对标准偏差均小于10%。  相似文献   

9.
实验建立了气相色谱-质谱法测定饲料中三聚氰胺的方法.饲料样品经三氯乙酸提取,乙酸铅沉淀蛋白后,过HR-XC阳离子交换固相萃取小柱除去样品基质干扰,用N,O-双三甲基硅基三氟乙酰胺+三甲基氯硅烷(V∶V=99∶1)衍生,进行气相色谱-质谱分析.结果表明,三聚氰胺浓度为0.01~4.00 mg/L时,线性关系良好(r=0.9996),方法回收率为90.2% ~ 94.8%,RSD为1.3%~4.0%,检出限为0.01 mg/kg.  相似文献   

10.
本实验对猪饲料中莱克多巴胺的气相色谱-质谱快速检测方法进行了研究.采用酸性甲醇-水提取饲料中的莱克多巴胺,经乙酸乙酯萃取和酸性氧化铝固相萃取柱净化,衍生化后用气相色谱-质谱法检测和确证.结果表明,方法平均回收率为70.8%~83.8%,日间变异系数为4.5%~11.1%(n=3),配合饲料检测限和定量限分别为0.5μg/g和1.0 μg/g,预混合饲料检测限和定量限分别为0.3 μg/g和0.7 μg/g.该方法适合饲料中莱克多巴胺的确证和定量分析.  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

14.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

15.
16.
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.  相似文献   

17.
The ash, silica and certain important micronutrients were estimated in conventional and unconventional feed and fodder resources available in Southern India. Commonly used dry roughages, such as paddy straw, ragi straw, maize kadbi/stalk, jowar kadbi/stalk, bajra stalk and wheat straw, were high in ash (9.9% +/- 0.77%) and silica (6.4% +/- 0.65%) and low in most of the other micronutrients, except iron, with paddy straw containing most silica (>9%). Cultivated non-leguminous (maize, jowar) and improved green crops (hybrid napier, guinea, green panic, NB-21, CO-1) were also high in ash (10.5% +/- 0.60% and 12.5% +/- 0.51%) but were moderate sources of P, Mg and Cu and good sources of Zn (98 +/- 13.8 ppm and 55 +/- 6.7 ppm). Leguminous green fodders (stylosanthus, lucerne, cow pea, soyabean) were excellent sources of Ca (1.9% +/- 0.16%), Mg (0.40% +/- 0.05%), Cu (30 +/- 5.2 ppm), Zn (121 +/- 14.7 ppm) and Fe (1234 +/- 166 ppm) and moderate sources of P. Mixed local grasses and weeds were high in silica (6.9% +/- 1.00%) but were good sources of Cu, Zn and Fe. Cereal grains (maize, wheat, rice, ragi) were low in ash (2.9% +/- 0.33%) and were relatively poor sources of Ca (0.22% +/- 0.03%), Mg (0.19% +/- 0.03%) and Cu (13 +/- 3.1 ppm). Pulses were low to medium sources of most minerals and good sources of Fe (1230 +/- 293 ppm). Oil seed cake/extractions (groundnut cake, cotton seed cake, soyabean meal, sunflower cake, safflower cake) and cereal by-products (rice polish, rice bran, wheat bran) were excellent sources of P (1.1% +/- 0.47% and 2.3% +/- 0.19%) and good sources of Zn (65 +/- 3.9 ppm and 66 +/- 10.7 ppm) and Fe (938 +/- 130 ppm and 662 +/- 126 ppm). Among the unconventional feeds screened, orange peel, sunflower heads, meat meal, rubber seed cake, spirulina algae and sea weeds contained plentiful Ca, Zn and Fe: tree leaves/top feeds (mulberry, erythrina, glyricidia, banana, subabul, groundnut haulms) were excellent sources of Ca (1.5% +/- 0.13%), Zn (120 +/- 22.9 ppm) and Fe (1033 +/- 133 ppm) but relatively poor sources of P. Soyabean husk, cocoa seed husk, rubber seed cake and meat meal were moderate to good sources of P (1.0% and 0.33%). The high Zn and Fe values of most feeds/fodders were probably due to soil contamination. This account of the micronutrient content of feed/fodder resources should help in strategic supplementation intended to alleviate local deficiencies.  相似文献   

18.
Bovine Mastitis in Selected Areas of Southern Ethiopia   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
A study on bovine mastitis, designed to determine the causal agents, prevalence of infection and impact of risk factors in three cattle breeds, was conducted in selected areas of southern Ethiopia. A total of 307 lactating and non-lactating cows, of which 162 were indigenous Zebu, 85 Jersey and 60 Holstein-Friesian, were examined by clinical examination and the California mastitis (CMT) test. Of these, 40.4% were positive by CMT and bacteriology for clinical or subclinical mastitis, with prevalence rates of 37.1% and 62.9%, respectively. Out of 1133 quarters examined, 212 (18.7%) were found to be infected, 83 (39.2%) clinically and 129 (60.8%) subclinically. The prevalence of mastitis was significantly higher in Holstein-Friesian than in indigenous Zebu, in non-lactating cows than in lactating cows, in the early lactation stage than in the mid-lactation stage, in cows with lesions and/or tick infestation on skin of udder and/or teats than in cows without this factor, and in the wet season than in the dry season. Mastitis increased with parity number (R = 0.9). Of 248 CMT and clinically positive udder quarter samples analysed microbiologically, 212 were culturally positive for known mastitis pathogens and 36 were negative. Of the 199 positive samples, Staphylococcus accounted for 39.2%, Streptococcus for 23.6%, coliforms for 14.1%, Micrococcus and Bacillus species for 8.0% each and Actinomyces or Arcanobacterium (Corynebacterium) for 7.0%. It was concluded that there was a high prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis, mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli, in this study area.  相似文献   

19.
不同日粮氮水平对山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本试验旨在探讨不同日粮氮水平对内蒙古白绒山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成(MCP)的影响,以达到提高氮利用率,减少环境污染和饲料资源的浪费。试验选用9只体况良好、体重为(43.83±2.95)kg,装有瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊,按体重随机分为3组,每组3只。日粮分为低氮7.5%、中氮10.5%、高氮13.5%3个氮水平。试验使用常规试验方法分析测定粪尿血液等生化指标,通过全收尿法和尿嘌呤衍生物法估测MCP。结果表明:随着氮水平增加,氨氮(NH3-N)浓度、氮摄入量、尿氮排出、尿中尿素氮(UUN)和MCP显著增加(P0.05),干物质采食量(DMI)显著降低(P0.01);沉积氮占总摄入氮的比例在中氮组最高,MCP在高氮组最高。综上所述,适当降低日粮氮水平可减少粪尿氮排放,提高反刍动物氮利用率。  相似文献   

20.
A microsporidial keratopathy is described in two dogs. Both dogs presented with a unilateral stromal keratopathy characterized by multifocal coalescing opacities, and the diagnosis was made on histopathologic examination of keratectomy specimens. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded corneal tissue was performed in one dog, and the morphologic features were consistent with Nosema species infection. Both dogs were initially diagnosed and treated by superficial keratectomy. One dog received additional antifungal medication and underwent a penetrating keratoplasty following local recurrence two years later. No other systemic lesions attributable to the microsporidial infection were identified clinically. The clinical and diagnostic pathology findings, treatment, and follow‐up are discussed.  相似文献   

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