低钙日粮对笼养蛋鸡骨骼显微结构及骨矿含量的影响

将180只19周龄健康伊莎笼养蛋鸡随机分为对照A和低钙B、C、D四组，分别饲喂钙含量为3．55％、2．50％、2．05％、1．27％的日粮。不同时间进行骨骼病理组织学检查和活体骨矿含量（BMC）测定。结论：低钙日粮诱发的蛋鸡骨质疏松除具有典型的骨质疏松病理变化外，骨矿含量也明显减少。     

总含硫氨基酸含量对高温下蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及骨质代谢的影响

本试验评估了总含硫氨基酸(TSAA)含量对高温环境下(HT)蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及骨质代谢的影响。选择海兰褐蛋鸡144只,采用2×3双因子试验设计,包括2个室温水平(对照组CR:21℃/24h;高温组HR:32℃/8h)和3组饲粮水平(70%、85%、100%TSAA含量),每个处理4个重复,每个重复6只鸡/笼(19-45周龄)。对于饲粮水平,将L-蛋氨酸(L-Met)添加基础饲粮(70%TSAA)至85%及100%TSAA水平,测定21、34及45周龄蛋鸡产蛋性能及蛋品质进行测定。测定45周龄蛋鸡总颅骨、松质骨及髓骨胶原蛋白和非胶原蛋白、骨量、矿含量及密度。结果显示:RT×TSAA存在互作效应,高TSAA(85%和100%)水平可消除HT产生的负面影响。与CR组相比,HR组可降低产蛋量(P<0.05),对骨质量无显著差异;70%TSAA组34和45周龄蛋鸡饲料转化率、体重、蛋重和产蛋量均高于其他处理;100%TSAA组21周龄蛋鸡产蛋量和蛋重均高于其他处理。100%TSAA组皮质骨及松质骨矿密度高于70%TSAA,而70%组髓质骨的矿含量及密度高于100%TSAA组。综上所述,HT对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质产生的不利影响,但对骨发育无影响;85%或100%TSAA水平,可消除HT对蛋鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质和骨发育等方面的负面作用。     

正常公母犬四肢长骨间骨量相互关系的研究

用双光子吸收法 (DPA)测定 81只健康大型犬 (其中公犬 45只 ,母犬 36只 )远端桡尺骨、肱骨、胫骨及股骨的骨矿含量 (BMC)和骨密度 (BMD)。结果表明 ,公犬各骨骼间BMC和BMD相关系数 (r)分别平均为 0 90和 0 71,估计标准误 (SEE)分别平均为 11 32 %和 10 67% ;母犬r分别平均为 0 89和 0 59,SEE分别平均为 11 32 %和 10 67%。公犬肱骨和母犬股骨相关性高 ,预测性好 ,尤其两者对胫骨预测性更好 (公犬BMC ,r =0 91,SEE =9 67% ;BMD ,r =0 76 ,SEE =8 67% ;母犬BMC ,r =0 91,SEE =7 69% ;BMD ,r =0 70 ,SEE =6 90 % )。     

紫外分光光度法测定甲酚纳米乳消毒剂的含量

甲酚纳米乳消毒剂中甲酚含量测定的标准曲线方程为:Y=18.21X+0.003 9(r=0.999 0),甲酚在0.01~0.05μg/m L检测范围内线性关系良好,最低检测限浓度为0.000 4μg/m L;精密度试验相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.07%;重复性试验的RSD为1.17%;平均回收率为99.50%,RSD为1.36%。利用建立的方法测得甲酚纳米乳消毒剂中甲酚的平均标示量为99.29%,RSD为1.07%。结果表明,紫外分光光度法测定甲酚纳米乳消毒剂含量的方法线性关系良好,精密度高,重复性好,准确度高,可作为甲酚纳米乳消毒剂产品生产过程和临床应用的质量控制方法。     

中药骨疏康对笼养蛋鸡生产性能的影响

54羽 2 0周龄伊莎蛋鸡分为 2组 ,A组为正常组 (2 7羽 ) ,B组为已发生骨质疏松组 (2 7羽 )。每组又随机分为 3组 ,每组 9只 ,分别喂骨疏康 1号、骨疏康 2号和对照组。试验期间 ,每天记录产蛋情况 ,定期测定骨矿含量、雌激素水平。结果表明 :骨疏康 1号能显著提高产蛋率 (P <0 0 5) ;骨疏康 2号在B组能显著提高产蛋率 ,在A组差异不显著 ,骨疏康 1号、 2号之间差异不显著。骨疏康 2号能显著提高蛋壳强度。中药对骨矿影响不显著。VitD3能显著提高产蛋率 ,改善蛋壳品质     

日粮不同有效磷水平对蛋雏鸡生长及组织钙磷含量的影响

选择 96只 1日龄健康的罗曼商品蛋鸡 ,随机分成 4个组 ,分别饲喂含有效磷为 0 1 1 %、0 2 %、0 4 %和 0 6 %的日粮。试验 30天。结果表明 ,低磷、高磷日粮显著降低增重和耗料量 (P <0 0 5) ;低磷日粮 ( 0 1 1 % )可导致雏鸡磷缺乏症及高死亡率 ,以生长迟缓、胸骨弯曲为早期的临床指征 ;试验至 1 0天 ,2、3组ACP活性显著高于 1、4组 (P <0 0 5)。试验至 30天 ,低磷日粮显著降低血浆磷含量(P <0 0 5)。试验至 1 0、2 0天 ,低磷日粮显著降低胫骨磷含量 (P <0 0 5)。血浆、胫骨磷水平可作为雏鸡磷缺乏症的早期实验室诊断指标。低磷日粮显著降低肾脏和胫骨钙含量 (P <0 0 5) ,表明低磷日粮对钙的代谢有不利的影响     

兽医临床上几种无损伤骨矿测定方法简介

无损伤骨矿测定法是活体测定动物或人的骨密度和骨矿含量的一种先进技术。它具有辐射量低或无辐射、精确度高、准确性好的特点 ,已广泛应用于医学临床 ,有的已用于兽医临床。本文简要介绍几种无损伤骨矿测定技术及其在兽医临床上的应用 ,比较其优劣 ,为畜禽骨骼营养代谢、生理、生长发育的研究及其疾病的诊断提供可靠依据     

铁和维生素A及其互作效应对产蛋鸡胫骨质量的影响

试验旨在探讨铁和维生素A及其互作效应对产蛋鸡胫骨质量(胫骨长度、胫骨中截面直径、胫骨重量、胫骨强度、胫骨钙磷含量)的影响。采用3×2(铁×维生素A)完全随机试验设计。饲粮铁的添加水平为0、30、60 mg/kg,维生素A的添加水平为4 000、8 000 IU/kg。试验期为8周,分前期(27~30周龄)和后期(31~34周龄)2个阶段。选用27周龄商品代海兰褐蛋鸡432只,随机分为6组,每组6个重复,每重复12只鸡。结果表明:饲粮铁的添加量为0 mg/kg时,蛋鸡胫骨长度、胫骨中截面直径和胫骨强度均达到最高;随着饲粮维生素A添加水平的增高,产蛋鸡胫骨长度、胫骨中截面直径、胫骨重量和胫骨钙含量均增加;铁和维生素A互作效应对蛋鸡胫骨质量的影响表现为铁(60 mg/kg)×维生素A(4 000 mg/kg)组较好。饲粮添加低剂量铁(0~30 mg/kg)和高剂量维生素A(8 000 IU/kg)可获得较理想的胫骨质量。铁和维生素A之间存在互作效应。     

液体蚯蚓对蛋鸡的增产效果

山东省曹县某蛋鸡场存栏蛋鸡 10 0 0只 ,分为 2组 ,5 0 0只喂给稀释液体蚯蚓 ,5 0 0只喂给清水作为对照。由天津市宁河县贾某蚯蚓场把活体蚯蚓溶化成液体 ,把液体蚯蚓兑入蛋鸡饮水中 (液体蚯蚓 1∶饮水 10 ) ,让蛋鸡自由饮用。用时投喂全价饲料。 7d后 ,蛋鸡产蛋由平均每 8 4枚 5 0 0g增重为每 7 90枚 5 0 0g。蛋黄颜色改变也十分明显 ,由淡黄色变为金红色 ,煮熟食用口感由松软变得柔韧。饲喂液体蚯蚓 ,消除了蛋鸡对活体蚯蚓的恐惧感 ;又由于鸡群饮水量均衡 ,液体蚯蚓蛋白质、矿物质、维生素、抗菌肽等营养元素含量丰富 ,摄入量一致 ,故鸡产…     

低钙日粮添加依普黄酮对笼养蛋鸡骨组织显微结构和形态计量学的影响

本试验旨在研究低钙日粮中添加依普黄酮对笼养蛋鸡骨质疏松症病鸡骨组织显微结构和形态计量学的影响.200只24周龄健康海兰褐蛋鸡随机分为4组:对照组(基础日粮中含钙3.55％)、低钙组(日粮中含钙1.27％)、试验Ⅰ组(8 mg·kg-1依普黄酮+低钙日粮)和试验Ⅱ组(20 mg·kg-1依普黄酮+低钙日粮),试验期60 d.试验结束时,每组剖杀10只鸡,取左胫骨中段脱钙骨切片在OLYMPUS BX41型金相显微镜下观察骨组织形态结构的变化,并以Image-Pro Plus 6.0图像分析软件测定骨组织形态计量学的相关静态参数.结果表明:骨显微结构观察,与对照组相比,低钙组蛋鸡胫骨皮质骨出现许多吸收腔,在吸收腔内有大量破骨细胞,髓质骨骨小梁表面破骨细胞增多,骨吸收大于骨形成,导致骨质疏松 ;试验Ⅰ组蛋鸡胫骨皮质骨有吸收腔,吸收腔内和小梁表面可见较多破骨细胞,骨吸收未受抑制 ;试验Ⅱ组蛋鸡胫骨皮质骨外表面可见大量骨原细胞和成骨细胞,骨形成增强.形态计量学静态参数测定,与低钙组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的骨小梁面积、骨小梁面积百分比均极显著增加(P＜0.01) ;试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的骨小梁周长、骨小梁数量高于低钙组,但差异不显著(P＞0.05) ;试验Ⅱ组的骨小梁分离度显著降低(P＜0.05)及骨小梁厚度显著增加(P＜0.05).上述结果说明,在低钙日粮中添加20 mg · kg-1依普黄酮可使骨重建活动加强,改善笼养蛋鸡的骨代谢及缓解骨质疏松症的发生.     

Changes in bone structure of Corriedale sheep with inherited rickets: A peripheral quantitative computed tomography assessment

An inherited skeletal disease with gross and microscopic features of rickets has been diagnosed in Corriedale sheep in New Zealand. The aim of this study was to quantify the changes present in tibia from sheep with inherited rickets using peripheral quantitative computed tomography. In affected sheep, scans in the proximal tibia, where metaphysis becomes diaphysis, showed significantly greater trabecular bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD). The sheep with inherited rickets had significantly greater BMC and bone area in the mid-diaphysis of the proximal tibia compared to control sheep. However, BMD in the mid-diaphysis was significantly less in affected sheep than in controls, due to the greater cortical area and lower voxel density values in affected sheep. From this it was concluded that the increased strain on under-mineralised bone in sheep with inherited rickets led to increased bone mass in an attempt to improve bone strength.     

Criteria to evaluate bone mineralization in cattle: II. Noninvasive techniques

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the capabilities of dual photon absorptiometry (PA), radiographic photometry (RP), and ultrasound (U) to estimate bone mineral content (BMC) and bone strength of a group of bovine third metacarpals (McIII). Metacarpals were chosen for evaluating BMC and bone strength because of their accessibility and susceptibility to biomechanical stress. The right and left McIII of 14 Angus heifers (24 to 32 mo of age) were collected at slaughter and all soft tissues (including periosteum) were removed. The BMC was estimated at both the midpoint and 3 cm proximal to the midpoint on the McIII diaphysis. Metacarpals then were tested by three-point bending to determine breaking load (BL) and breaking strength (BS). Bones were reassembled and two 2-cm sections were removed, one at the midpoint and one 1 cm proximal to the midpoint section. Sections then were ashed and ash content was expressed as grams per 2-cm slice and defined as BMC. Correlation coefficients (r) between BMC vs PA, RP, and U were .908 (P less than .0001), .967 (P less than .0001), and .565 (P less than .0001), respectively; r values between BS vs PA, RP, and U were .406 (P less than .05), .429 (P less than .05), and .499 (P less than .01), respectively, and r values between BL vs PA, RP, and U were .870 (P less than .0001), .865 (P less than .0001), and .588 (P less than .001), respectively. These data indicate that noninvasive techniques are useful in predicting BMC and BL in the bovine.     

Multiplanar quantitative computed tomography for bone mineral analysis in dogs

The purpose of this study was to determine the precision and accuracy of quantitative computed tomography bone mineral analysis in dogs in coronally reconstructed images. Nonhomogeneous tissues, such as bones with fractures or deformities, may be better analyzed if multiplanar reconstruction of the transaxial data could be performed without degradation of information. Our analysis demonstrated that coronal reconstruction of quantitative-computed tomography data was precise (1.2 to 4.7%) and accurate (1.3 to 7.5%) in vitro. The technique displays high-quality images, which can be analyzed at any location within the volume scanned. Quantitative computed tomography of canine osteotomy healing in vivo accurately determined bone mineral density of selected regions of interest. Bone mineral density correlated highly with calcium content of the tissue (R2 = 0.76, P less than 0.0001).     

Bone and lean tissue changes following cranial cruciate ligament transection and stifle stabilization

Following cranial cruciate ligament transection and extracapsular stabilization, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to analyze bone mineral content and lean tissue mass in the surgical and nonsurgical legs (n=14) at 0, 2, 4, and 8 weeks, and to evaluate bone mineral content and bone mineral density (BMD) of the proximal, mid-, and distal tibia of both the surgical and nonsurgical legs (n=15) at 0, 5, and 10 weeks. There was significant loss of bone mineral content and lean tissue in the surgical leg compared to the nonsurgical leg. Significant loss in bone mineral content and BMD was detected in the tibia of the surgical leg and was most pronounced in the metaphyseal region.     

Synovial sarcoma in a dog.

A 6.5-year-old, female Saint Bernard had a slowly growing tumor of the right tibiotarsal joint. Radiographically, bone surrounding the tumor was not involved. Subtotal surgical resection was undertaken. The tumor was classified histologically as a synovioma. Within 6 months, the tumor recurred locally and invaded the soft tissue proximal to the tibiotarsal joint. Eighteen months after initial examination, there was widespread right tibial invasion and pulmonary metastasis. The dog was euthanatized. The final histopathologic diagnosis was synovial sarcoma.     

Comparison of intraosseous or intravenous infusion for delivery of amikacin sulfate to the tibiotarsal joint of horses

OBJECTIVE: To establish the route of infusion (IV or intraosseous) that results in the highest concentration of amikacin in the synovial fluid of the tibiotarsal joint and determine the duration of peak concentrations. ANIMALS: 21 horses. PROCEDURE: Regional perfusion of a limb on 15 horses was performed. Amikacin sulfate was infused into the saphenous vein or via intraosseous infusion into the distal portion of the tibia (1 g in 56 ml of lactated Ringer's solution) or proximal portion of the metatarsus (1 g of amikacin in 26 ml of lactated Ringer's solution). Amikacin concentrations were measured in sequential samples from tibiotarsal joint synovial fluid and serum. Samples were obtained immediately prior to release of the tourniquet and 0.5, 1, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours after the tourniquet was released. Radiographic contrast material was infused into the same locations as the antibiotic perfusate to evaluate distribution in 6 other horses. RESULTS: Infusion into the saphenous vein produced the highest concentration of amikacin in the tibiotarsal joint, compared with the distal portion of the tibia (mean +/- SE, 701.8 +/- 366.8 vs 203.8 +/- 64.5 microg/ml, respectively). Use of a lower volume of diluent in the proximal portion of the metatarsus produced a peak value of 72.2 +/- 23.4 microg/ml. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: For regional perfusion of the tarsus, IV infusion is preferred to intraosseous infusion, because higher concentrations are achieved in the synovial fluid, and the procedure is easier to perform.     

Single photon absorptiometry for the measurement of bone mineral content in horses

A safe, non-invasive method for the accurate measurement of bone mineral content in the third metacarpal bone of the horse is described. The technique involves scanning the bone with a single photon beam from an Americium-241 source. Data were obtained from the excised metacarpal bones from both forelimbs of 50 normal and seven lame horses. Measurements were made in vivo on eight normal and seven lame horses and on one experimental horse with osteopenia induced by partial weightlessness in a flotation tank. In the normal horses bone mineral content altered with age, particularly in the first six months of life. There were also differences according to the site of scanning on the metacarpus. The contribution of the splint bones to the total bone mineral content was less than 2 per cent distal to the mid-point of the metacarpus, but in the proximal shaft it increased to 12 per cent. No significant differences were noted either between right and left limbs, or between male and female animals. A reduction in bone mineral content was demonstrated in the affected leg of horses with chronic lameness and with osteopenia induced by weightlessness. The bone mineral content (g/cm) correlated well with the ash content (mg/100 mg dry bone weight), the specific gravity and the apparent transverse velocity of ultrasound (m/sec) through the bone. A measure of bone mineral density (g/cm3) was calculated from the bone mineral content and cross sectional area of the bone to overcome the individual differences in size of the metacarpus.     

Bone mineral content of the third metacarpal bone in Quarter Horse foals from birth to one year of age

Dual photon absorptiometry (DPA) is a valid method for bone mineral content (BMC) evaluation, but there are no reports on the use of this technology in in vivo studies in the horse. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the changes of BMC of the third metacarpal bone (MC3) in vivo in foals during their first year of life using DPA. The BMC of the MC3 of 41 Quarter Horse foals was evaluated every 4 weeks during their first year of life by DPA using a bienergetic Gadolinium-153 (¹⁵³Gd) source. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of an in vivo study of BMC in foals using DPA by means of a bienergetic ¹⁵³Gd source. The results demonstrated a positive correlation of age, heart girth, and withers height with BMC of the MC3 independent of gender and an exponential behavior of the BMC increment along the first year of life. There was an effect of weaning associated with change in diet and stall confinement on BMC in foals weaned at age 17 weeks, but not in foals weaned at age between 19 and 24 weeks.     

Influence of dietary phosphorus deficiency with or without addition of fumaric acid to a diet in pigs on bone parameters

The purpose of this study was to examine if substantial bone loss occurs in weaned pigs by feeding a phosphorus-deficient diet with or without fumaric acid. Eighteen weaned pigs were used. The animals were assigned to three groups: group C (control; 0.65% P on DM basis), group LP (low phosphorus; 0.37% P on DM basis) and group LPF (low phosphorus plus fumaric acid; 0.35% P on DM basis plus 2% fumaric acid). These three diets were fed to the groups for a period of four weeks after a two-week adaptation period. Blood samples were collected once a week. Carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) in serum was used as a bone resorption marker. Osteocalcin (OC) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bAP) were used as bone formation markers. Bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) were determined by peripheral quantitative computer tomography. BAP activities significantly increased (24%) in group LPF, and at the last sampling day group LPF had significantly increased activities in comparison to group C. In contrast, ICTP concentrations significantly increased with time in group LP and LPF, and at the last sampling day group LPF had significantly increased activities in comparison to group C. BMD and BMC in femur and tibia significantly decreased in group LP and LPF. The results show that P-deficient diets induce a bone loss. Fumaric acid did not influence the degree of bone loss. With a better understanding of its effect on bone, dietary phosphorus requirements in pigs could be more precisely defined.