宁夏固原地区肉牛养殖和营养代谢病的调查

固原地区是宁夏的肉牛产业带,随着近年来退耕还林还草和封山禁牧工程的实施,该地区肉牛的养殖逐渐由放牧饲养转为舍饲,但是,由于该地区饲草料的单一化和饲养管理的不规范,导致肉牛出现了一系列的营养代谢病。于2008年8—11月对固原地区肉牛的养殖和营养代谢病进行了系统调查。     

提高肉牛受胎率的技术措施

肉牛受胎率的高低直接影响牛场的生产效率和经济效益,提高肉牛的受胎率是牛场工作重点之一。本文从肉牛的健康状况、营养水平、人工授精操作技术水平、饲养管理水平、牛场饲养卫生条件等影响肉牛受胎率的因素进行分析,并提出了提高肉牛繁殖率的技术措施。     

肉牛的科学饲养管理与疾病预防

本文从肉牛的饲养管理、日粮营养与安全管理、环境卫生管理、疾病预防措施和疫情防范及紧急处理五个方面简述了肉牛的科学饲养与疾病预防,以期为建立科学的肉牛养殖技术体系提供理论基础。     

品种对杂交肉牛育肥效果的影响

试验根据当地肉牛饲养管理水平,依据饲草料供给条件,结合实际配制了科学饲养肉牛日粮配方。在相同营养水平和饲养管理条件下,拟通过对不同品种杂交肉牛采食量和日增重效果的对比分析,对不同品种杂交肉牛增重和经济效益进行综合评价,从而为当地引进肉牛冻精品种和改良当地黄牛提供依据,同时为当地养殖户在生产实际中选择适宜的育肥杂交肉牛品种提供参考。     

肥育肉牛的生产管理

3肥育饲养管理 肉牛的育肥方式可分为全舍饲育肥、放牧育肥和放牧结合舍饲育肥。按营养可分为高营养育肥、中营养育肥和低营养育肥。按饲料类型可分为精料型育肥、半精料型育肥、粗料型育肥和糟渣型育肥。这里主要介绍肥育肉牛舍饲百天的饲养方法。3.1百天肥育肉牛饲养方法3.1.1适应期的饲养适应期10～15d,这段时间主要是使牛只恢复体重,适应环境和肥育期的     

“草尚膘”复合型营养舔砖对肉牛育肥效果的影响

随着人们生活水平的提高,市场对牛肉产品的需求日趋增加,肉牛养殖在畜牧业中所占比重也越来越大,但多数养殖户仍沿袭传统的饲养管理模式,科学饲养的成分少,不注重肉牛营养的调配,特别是维生素、微量元素等在日粮中很少添加;或是因条件所限,即使添加也不能很好地发挥其生产性能。为了解决肉牛饲养中矿物质、微量元素、维生素等缺乏的问题,笔者经过多年研究与实践,研发了“草尚膘”肉牛专用复合型营养舔砖,用于肉牛育肥补饲。     

高档肉牛常见营养代谢病的防治

高档肉牛饲养周期较长，在饲养模式和饲养方法上与一般的肉牛不同，因此极易发生营养代谢性疾病。发病的主要原因是高精饲料饲喂过多造成的营养代谢障碍。为了提高高档肉牛育肥的效率及产出高档的肉质，在饲养的过程中，以饲喂谷物类为主的高精料型的饲喂方式来饲养高档肉牛。这种饲养模式往往会破坏瘤胃内环境的平衡和稳定，引发高档肉牛多种营养代谢病的发生，如瘤胃酸中毒、尿结石、蹄叶炎、急性瘤胃臌气、肝脓肿及脂肪液化坏死等，其中前3种最为常见。     

肉牛养殖技术分析与饲喂管理方法探讨

随着我国社会经济的发展,人们的生活水平提高,对肉类的消费要求也越来越高,尤其是优质牛肉的需求量也越来越大,牛肉价格的居高不下激发了大量养殖户对饲养肉牛的兴趣,甚至一些地区将饲养肉牛发展成地区重点.然而,人们对饲养肉牛的养殖技术及饲养管理方法的不足,所带来的经济效益严重下降,本文根据相关经验与技术,对肉牛场所的建设、肉牛营养、饲料、育肥等方面知识的介绍,希望为广大肉牛养殖户提供一定参考.     

肉牛饲养场的环境卫生体系建设

浙江牧草资源丰富,但利用率不足10%;牛肉营养丰富,但据报导,目前该省年牛肉人均消费量还不到2kg.在饲料原粮不断涨价的情况下,草食家畜-肉牛的发展饲养已经成了浙江农民致富的好项目,也已成了一部分工商业主的新选项.为确保肉牛饲养的成功,提升肉牛养殖档次,提高牛肉品质,必须搞好肉牛饲养场的环境卫生体系建设,以提高饲养肉牛的经济效益.     

肉牛生产技术讲座

第 3讲　架子牛的短期肥育1　架子牛快速肥育的原理如果肉牛在犊牛和育成牛阶段饲养的营养水平较低 ,饲养管理比较粗放 ,会导致肉牛的骨骼生长发育较快而肌肉生长较慢。牛的骨架长成以后 ,而身体上肌肉较少 ,这样的牛常被称为架子牛 ,这主要是由于牛的生长特点和营养水平受到限制造成的。一旦饲料营养水平和饲养管理条件得到改善 ,架子牛的肌肉生长速度会显著加快。肉牛的这种生长特点称补偿生长。我国肉牛肥育的历史较短 ,肉牛生产各个阶段例如肉牛的育种体系、繁殖体系与肥育体系不够完善 ,目前我国农区大部分肉牛肥育场均采用短期肥育方…     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.