褪黑素对动物生殖功能的影响

正哺乳动物卵巢中含有大量的腔前卵泡,但是在发育到有腔卵泡前大约99.9%的卵泡都走向闭锁、退化,这无疑是动物繁殖领域内巨大的浪费。卵母细胞是体外受精、胚胎移植、动物克隆和转基因等胚胎生物技术研究和开发不可或缺的材料,然而卵母细胞来源十分匮乏成为其发展的一个制约性因素,无疑腔前卵泡的体外培养技术为其提供了一个有效途径。目前,在动物卵泡体外培养实验中仅有小鼠的原始卵泡经培养后,卵母细胞发育成熟并获得了活体后代。     

猪腔前卵泡体外培养研究进展

哺乳动物卵巢中有数量丰富的腔前卵泡,腔前卵泡体外发育的研究,对于揭示卵子发生和卵泡发育的内在规律有重要意义,并可以最大限度利用卵巢资源促进动物繁殖,保护濒临灭绝物种及人类生殖健康。猪腔前卵泡自开始研究以来,已取得了很大的进展。作者简要阐述了猪腔前卵泡培养方法、培养条件的研究进展及其体外培养技术存在的问题和发展前景。     

哺乳动物卵泡发育过程中的超微结构变化

目前 ,动物腔前卵泡的体外培养正日益受到重视 ,并已取得了较大进展 ,已建立的培养体系可成功地使腔前卵泡发育到有腔阶段 ,猪、山羊等已可实现腔前卵泡卵母细胞体外成熟 ,体外受精并发育至囊胚阶段。但有关腔前卵泡体外成熟的机制仍不明了。本文通过对体内发育与体外培养之卵泡及其卵母细胞超微结构进行比较 ,从微细结构上客观评定体外培养卵泡的形态、活力、代谢状况及功能完整性 ,界定体外生长卵泡所处发育阶段 ,从而为确立和完善腔前卵泡体外培养体系并最终选择高质量的卵母细胞进行体外受精提供可靠的理论依据。1　体内发育卵泡及其卵…     

哺乳动物腔前卵泡卵母细胞的体外培养

阐明哺乳动物卵泡体内发生的一般模式，回顾腔前卵泡体外培养的研究历史，着重论述腔前卵泡的获取及鉴定标准，常用的培养体系和影响腔前卵泡体外发育的多种因素。     

影响小鼠腔前卵泡体外发育因素的研究

通过在培养液中添加胎牛血清（FCS），牛血清白蛋白（BSA）及卵泡刺激素（FSH），对小鼠腔前卵泡进行体外培养，观察卵泡腔的形成及雌二醇（Estradiolum,E2)和睾酮（Testosteroni propioas,T)的分泌情况.     

激活素A和胰岛素样生长因子-I对冷冻保存后小鼠腔前卵泡体外培养的影响

为了探讨激活素A和胰岛素样生长因子-I对冷冻保存后小鼠腔前卵泡体外发育的影响,试验分别在培养液中加入激活素A和胰岛素样生长因子-I(IGF-I)对小鼠腔前卵泡进行体外培养.结果表明:激活素A组和激活素A+IGF-I组的成活率显著高于未添加因子的冷冻对照组和IGF-I组(P<0.05);激活素A组、IGF-I组、激活素A...     

哺乳动物腔前卵泡培养方法研究进展

目前，各种动物腔前卵泡的研究已经取得了一定进展。但体外培养获得的卵母细胞质量与体内相比还有一定的差距。有效的腔前卵泡培养方法是腔前卵泡研究取得成功的关键。腔前卵泡的培养方法有普通培养法、二维培养法、三维培养法以及培养板倒置培养；另外依据卵泡培养密度又可分为单个卵泡和多个卵泡培养法。研究者可以根据不同的需要选择合适的培养方法。     

哺乳动物腔前卵泡体外培养研究进展

哺乳动物腔前卵泡的体外培养可充分挖掘优良母畜潜在的遗传和繁殖潜力,为体外胚胎生产提供大量的卵母细胞来源,因而正日益受到人们的重视。本文就哺乳动物腔前卵泡的体外发育中的培养系统、培养方法,培养形式以及影响其体外发育的因素等几个方面进行了阐述。     

卵泡的生长发育及其腔前卵泡体外培养研究进展

本文主要从动物卵泡的生长发育及其腔前卵泡体外培养研究方面做一综述,旨在为建立完善的体外培养技术提供理论依据,为开发利用天然的生殖资源提供一些理论的支持。     

哺乳动物腔前卵泡体外培养及研究进展

哺乳动物卵巢内的原始卵泡库是雌性生殖资源的储存库,但大部分卵泡在腔前阶段已退化闭锁了,这无疑是对这一资源的巨大浪费。因此,越来越多的学者致力于腔前卵泡的开发和利用,建立了一系列的培养体系,尤其在小鼠上做的比较成功,已经得到了少量后代。文章主要就卵泡的发生发育过程,腔前卵泡的分离方法,培养基的选择,不同直径腔前卵泡培养体系的建立,影响腔前卵泡发育的因素及研究进展进行了阐述,为进一步完善腔前卵泡培养体系,揭示其发育机理提供参考。     

Scrapie in goats in Cyprus

Ovine scrapie was first recorded in Cyprus in 1985. Subsequently four dairy goats kept in two mixed flocks with affected sheep developed characteristic clinical signs similar to those seen in sheep. Fifteen goats from the two flocks were examined histologically and neurological lesions consistent with a diagnosis of scrapie were found in the four animals and in three others which had subsequently developed early neurological signs. These lesions were similar to those of naturally-affected sheep although neuronal degeneration and vacuolation were more severe in some cases.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).