饲料检测技术的研究现状及发展方向

笔者重点介绍了饲料检测技术的研究现状以及饲料检测技术的发展方向。饲料检测技术主要包括:感官检测技术、显微镜检测技术、物理检测技术、近红外光谱检测技术、化学检测技术、快速检测技术以及生物学检测技术等。饲料检测技术的发展方向主要包括:饲料检测技术规范化、快速检测技术的普遍应用、饲料检测技术更新速度快以及检测范围更广泛等。     

奶业新常态 降成本从犊牛开始

正在奶业新常态下,降低成本应该从犊牛开始。犊牛饲养的模式包括标准化、程序化、现代化和智能化。具体为提高活产率技术、智能饲喂技术、强化饲喂技术、初乳管理系统技术、加速生长技术、犊牛舍设计技术、犊牛舒适性技术。1提高活产率技术     

制剂新技术在兽药研发巾的应用

系统阐述了固体分散技术、包合技术、微型包囊技术、纳米技术、脂质体制备技术、乳化技术及中药超微粉碎技术等制剂新技术在兽药领域的应用.     

清洁生产型高效畜牧生态工程的概念与典型应用模式

(接上期) 4.模式实施与重点配套技术 (1)种植业 种植业主要包括两大工程,即科学种植业生态工程和草场生态保护区工程.科学种植业生态工程包含的配套技术主要有水土保持技术、土地培育技术、良种牧草选育培育技术、牧草种植技术、牧草病虫害防治技术、牧草收割技术、牧草储藏技术、草山管理技术等.草场生态保护区工程包含的配套技术主要有水土流失综合治理技术、土地培肥技术、作物病虫害防治技术等.     

湖南省“十五”畜牧业重点推广技术

1、草食牲畜高产综合配套技术2、杂交肉牛综合高效生产技术3、优质肉山羊综合配合饲养技术4、肉兔高产配合饲养技术5、秸秆综合处理养畜技术6、瘦肉型猪综合配套技术7、无公害生猪标准化养殖技术8、“杜长大”优质商品猪综合配套生产技术9、湖南黑猪杂交配套技术10、家畜综合配套养殖技术11、湘黄鸡综合配套养殖技术12、高产蛋鸭综合配套养殖技术13、优质高产肉鹅综合配套养殖技术□湖南省“十五”畜牧业重点推广技术     

制剂新技术在兽药研发中的应用

系统阐述了固体分散技术、包合技术、微型包囊技术、纳米技术、脂质体制备技术、乳化技术及中药超微粉碎技术等制剂新技术在兽药领域的应用。     

制剂新技术在兽药研发中的应用

作者系统阐述了固体分散技术、包合技术、微型包囊技术、纳米技术、脂质体制备技术、乳化技术及中药超微粉碎技术等制剂新技术在兽药领域的应用。     

“十五”农业重点推广五十项技术

农业部日前发布了“十五”计划期间重点推广的50项农业技术,这些技术代表着未来五年重点推广技术的领域和方向。 这50项农业重点推广技术分为五个部分:一是农业产业结构调整实用技术,包括无公害蔬菜生产技术、优质水果高产栽培技术、种草养畜技术、新饲料原料开发应用技术等;二是农民增收与农村经济发展技术,包括南方农田高效立体农业生产技术、名特农产品栽培技术、果实套袋与高接换种技术、设施农业节本增效技术、滩涂贝类养殖技术、稻田工程养殖名特优水产新品种技术、主要农产品产地烘干和加工机械化技术等;三是西部开发农业实     

肉种鸡高产集成技术的内容和推广措施

为了确保畜牧业的发展能紧随时代的步伐,应当大力推广肉种鸡的高产集成技术,通过技术的提升,提高肉种鸡的生产效率。文章介绍了肉种鸡高产集成技术:父母代肉种鸡选种选育技术、强制换羽技术、父母代肉种鸡笼养技术、人工授精技术、肉种鸡限制饲养技术、疫病防控技术、全自动孵化技术、无公害污染处理技术、科学化饲养管理技术;提出了推广该技术的措施(以江苏省海安市为例):建立项目实施组织,制定实施方案,组建农民专业合作社,强化培训宣传,开展种鸡保险。     

浅谈对多媒体技术的几点认识

多媒体技术的兴起给人们的生活、工作及生产方式带来了巨大的变革,多媒体技术综合了计算机声音处理技术、计算机图形处理技术、图像处理技术、计算机通信技术、存储技术、计算机文字处理技术、计算机动画处理技术及活动影像技术、集成电路技术等,它给传统的微型计算机、音频、视频设备带来了革命性的变革,对大众传播媒介产生了巨大影响。     

赤芍水提物与抗菌药联合对耐药大肠杆菌抑菌作用的研究

为了探究赤芍水提物与抗菌药联合对耐药大肠杆菌的体外抑菌作用,采用微量肉汤稀释法与微量棋盘法来测定各抗菌药与赤芍水提物的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)及二者联合作用后的分级抑菌浓度指数(FICI)。结果显示赤芍水提物与头孢曲松钠、阿莫西林、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、左旋氧氟沙星、磷霉素、痢菌净、克林沙星、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、加替沙星、阿米卡星、头孢他啶、林可霉素、头孢噻呋钠、氟苯尼考、阿奇霉素、头孢噻肟、利福平联合作用后的FICI分别为0.27、2.50、1.02、1.01、3.00、0.28、1.02、1.02、1.02、2.02、1.02、0.75、0.56、0.75、0.50、3.00、0.75、0.38。结果表明赤芍水提物与头孢曲松钠、磷霉素、氟苯尼考、利福平联合作用时有协同作用;与林可霉素、头孢噻呋钠、头孢噻肟、头孢他啶联合作用时有相加作用;与阿莫西林、左旋氧氟沙星、加替沙星、阿奇霉素联合作用时有颉颃作用;与环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、痢菌净、克林沙星、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、阿米卡星联合作用时表现为无关作用。     

国内几个绵羊品种转铁蛋白多态性研究

试验采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶水平板电泳,检测了蒙古羊、小尾寒羊、新疆肥臀羊和兰州大尾羊转铁蛋白的多态性。结果发现,蒙古羊中存在TfA、TfB、TfC、TfD、TfG和TfL6个复等位基因,TfA和TfB为优势基因,频率分别为0.3500和0.2750;小尾寒羊中存在TfA、TfB和TfC3个复等位基因,频率分别为0.3210,0.3930和0.2860;新疆肥臀羊存在TfA、TfB、TfC和TfD4个复等位基因,频率分别为0.0750,0.6750,0.2250和0.0250;兰州大尾羊中存在TfA、TfB、TfC、TfD、TfG和TfL和TfM7个复等位基因,其中TfB和TfC为优势基因,频率分别为0.4845和0.3528。蒙古羊、小尾寒羊、新疆肥臀羊和兰州大尾羊转铁蛋白基因平均杂合度分别为0.7338,0.6607,0.4875,0.6338。     

Genetic parameter estimates for scrotal circumference and semen characteristics of Line 1 Hereford bulls

The objectives of this study were to estimate heritability for scrotal circumference (SC) and semen traits and their genetic correlations (rg) with birth weight (BRW). Semen traits were recorded for Line 1 Hereford bulls (n = 841), born in 1963 or from 1967 to 2000, that were selected for use at Fort Keogh (Miles City, MT) or for sale. Semen was collected by electroejaculation when bulls were a mean age of 446 d. Phenotypes were BRW, SC, ejaculate volume, subjective scores for ejaculate color, swirl, sperm concentration and motility, and percentages of sperm classified as normal and live or having abnormal heads, abnormal midpieces, proximal cytoplasmic droplets (primary abnormalities), bent tails, coiled tails, or distal cytoplasmic droplets (secondary abnormalities). Percentages of primary and secondary also were calculated. Data were analyzed using multiple-trait derivative-free REML. Models included fixed effects for contemporary group, age of dam, age of bull, inbreeding of the bull and his dam, and random animal and residual effects. Random maternal and permanent maternal environmental effects were also included in the model for BRW. Estimates of heritability for BRW, SC, semen color, volume, concentration, swirl, motility, and percentages of normal, live, abnormal heads, abnormal midpieces, proximal cytoplasmic droplets, bent tails, coiled tails, distal cytoplasmic droplets, and primary and secondary abnormalities were 0.34, 0.57, 0.15, 0.09, 0.16, 0.21, 0.22, 0.35, 0.22, 0.00 0.16, 0.37, 0.00 0.34 0.00, 0.30, and 0.33, respectively. Estimates of rg for SC with color, volume, concentration, swirl, motility, and percentages of live, normal, and primary and secondary abnormalities were 0.73, 0.20, 0.77, 0.40, 0.34, 0.63, 0.33, -0.36, and -0.45, respectively. Estimates of rg for BRW with SC, color, volume, concentration, swirl, motility, and percentages live, normal, and primary and secondary abnormalities were 0.28, 0.60, 0.08, 0.58, 0.44, 0.21, 0.34, 0.20, -0.02, and -0.16, respectively. If selection pressure was applied to increase SC, all of the phenotypes evaluated would be expected to improve. Predicted correlated responses in semen characteristics per genetic SD of selection applied to SC were 0.87 genetic SD or less. If selection pressure was applied to reduce BRW, the correlated responses would generally be smaller but antagonistic to improving all of the phenotypes evaluated. Predicted correlated responses in SC and semen characteristics per genetic SD of selection applied to BRW were less than 0.35 genetic SD.     

巴马小型猪动物模型在医学领域的研究进展

巴马小型猪是中国原产地闭锁繁殖的优质品种,具有遗传稳定性、理想的毛色分布、体型小、多产性、饲养要求低、抗病力强等优势,且在生理学、解剖结构、药物代谢、生化指标和疾病发生机制等方面与人类相似,已用于心血管、皮肤整形、内分泌及代谢、消化、口腔医学、异种移植、中医、麻醉学、神经系统等广泛医学领域的研究,建立了心肌缺血、冠脉微栓塞、卵圆孔未闭、动脉粥样硬化、皮肤创伤、经皮给药、代谢综合征、糖尿病及其并发症、梗阻性黄疸、慢性胰腺炎、肝硬化、肝脏射频消融、牙周组织炎症、下颌骨缺损、异种器官/细胞移植、中医征候、手术麻醉、脑缺血、支架植入、休克等一系列类似于人类疾病的动物模型,表明巴马小型猪作为理想的试验动物在生物医学研究中具有广阔的应用前景。作者综述了巴马小型猪作为试验动物在各医学领域的应用进展,了解现有巴马小型猪疾病模型的种类、构建方法及病理特征,有助于进一步探索具体的病因、发病机制、并发症和防制手段等,为拓展研究范围、提高医学水平奠定了科学基础。     

引入西藏高原的家兔血液生化参数的比较研究

对引入西藏高原多年的加利福尼亚兔和中国白兔的12项血清生化指标进行测定,并与SPF新西兰兔进行比较。结果显示：①3个品种公兔之间,加尼福利亚兔与中国白兔比较,AST、TP、ALB、GLO、A／G、GLU、CRE、LDH差异极显著（P〈0．01）,TG、BUN差异显著（P〈0．05）,其中TP、ALB、A／G、CRE、CHOL、LDH表现极强的公兔特征,而ALT、GLU母兔明显高于公兔;加利福尼亚兔与SPF新西兰兔比较。ALT、A／G、CRE、TG、BUN差异显著（P〈0．05）,AST、CHOL、LDH差异极显著（P〈0．01）;中国白兔与SPF新西兰兔比较,ALT、AST、TP、ALB、GLO、A／G、CRE、CHOL、TG差异极显著（P〈0．01）;②3个品种母兔之间,加利福尼亚兔与中国白兔比较,ALT、GLO、CRE、TG差异显著（P〈0．05）,AST、TP、BUN、LDH差异极显著（P〈0．01）,加利福尼亚兔与SPF新西兰兔比较,ALT、TP、ALB、GLO、A／G、BUN、CRE、LDH差异极显著（P〈0．01）,AST、TG差异显著（P〈0．05）;中国白兔与SPF新西兰兔比较,ALT、TP、ALB、GLO、A／G、CRE、CHOL、TG、LDH差异极显著（P〈0．01）,BUN、AST差异显著（P〈0．05）。     

Eating and Drinking Behaviors of Newly Received Feedlot Calves

To characterize eating and drinking behaviors of newly received feedlot calves and to determine daily feed intake rate, 170 newly received, high-stress, lightweight calves (BW = 249.5 and 234.5 kg, SD = 15.64 and 18.18 kg, respectively) were observed throughout the first 57 d on feed at a commercial feedyard using an electronic monitoring system. Average individual eating frequency, eating duration, drinking frequency, drinking duration, and group daily feed intake rate were calculated. Mean daily eating durations for the first 3, 5, 10, 27, and 57 d on feed were 115.1, 117.5, 106.3, 93.8, 82.9 min/d, respectively. Mean daily eating frequencies for the first 3, 5, 10, 27, and 57 d on feed were 11.5, 12.6, 13.2, 12.9, and 12.0 visits/d, respectively. Mean daily drinking durations for the first 3, 5, 10, 27, and 57 d on feed were 7.7, 7.5, 7.5, 8.4, and 7.9 min/d, respectively. Mean daily drinking frequencies for the first 3, 5, 10, 27, and 57 d on feed were 6.0, 6.0, 6.0, 6.0, and 5.7 visits/d, respectively. Mean eating and drinking behaviors for the first 3, 5, 10, 27, and 57 d on feed were highly variable, with CV ranging from 18.5 to 69.8. Daily rate of feed intake ranged from 24.6 to 156.1 g/min. Results of this observational study provide estimates of daily mean eating and drinking behaviors and rate of feed intake for high-stress, lightweight, confined feeder cattle. Estimates of variability of these outcomes will facilitate sample size determination for future studies.     

猪PPARs基因组织表达特性的研究

以成年母猪为研究材料,采用RT-PCR半定量法对猪PPARα、β/δ和γ基因组织表达特点进行了研究。结果表明:在检测的18种组织中除胰腺组织外,3种PPAR亚型在其他17种组织中均有表达。表达量高低依次为PPARα,子宫绒毛膜>皮下脂肪>卵巢>大肠>脾脏>大脑>肾上腺>心脏>肺>小肠>脊髓>子宫蜕膜>胃>肝脏>背最长肌>膀胱>肾脏;PPARδ,子宫绒毛膜>卵巢>大肠>脾脏>肝脏>胃>皮下脂肪>大脑>肺>肾上腺>子宫蜕膜>脊髓>背最长肌>心脏>肾脏>小肠>膀胱;PPARγ,背最长肌>皮下脂肪>卵巢>脾脏>肺>大肠>膀胱>子宫绒毛膜>子宫蜕膜>心脏>胃>肝脏>肾脏>大脑>脊髓>肾上腺>小肠。3种亚型PPAR在卵巢和/或子宫绒毛膜中都有较高的表达,提示它们与猪的繁殖性能相关。     

Assessment of the cardiotoxicity of tulathromycin in rabbits

The aim of this study was to determine the cardiotoxic potency of tulathromycin. Tulathromycin (10 mg/kg, SC) was administered to ten adult male rabbits, and blood samples were obtained before and after drug administration (0 and 6 hours). Serum cardiac damage markers (troponin I, creatine kinase-MB, myoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase), routine serum biochemical values (alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, amylase, total protein, albumin, glucose, calcium, ionised calcium, sodium, potassium), white blood cell (WBC) and red blood cell (RBC) counts, arterial blood gas parameters (pH, partial carbon dioxide pressure, partial oxygen pressure, actual bicarbonate, standard bicarbonate, total carbon dioxide, base excess in vivo, base excess in vitro, oxygen saturation, packed cell volume, haemoglobin) and serum oxidative status (malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, retinol, β-carotene) were measured. Increased levels of troponin I, creatine kinase-MB and creatinine, and decreased WBC counts, ionised calcium and potassium levels were observed after drug administration. Tulathromycin treatment may cause cardiotoxicity, but its effects may be less dramatic than those of other macrolide antibiotics frequently used in veterinary medicine.     

阿拉善双峰驼阴道蝇蛆的形态结构观察

阿拉善双峰驼阴道蝇蛆病是由黑须污蝇(Wohlfahrtia magnifica)幼虫寄生而引起的一种疾病,论文对阿拉善双峰驼阴道蝇蛆形态结构进行了观察。一期幼虫为从野外捕捉的黑须污雌蝇体内获得或从双峰驼阴门附近采集雌蝇刚排出的一期幼虫;在患病驼阴道病灶处可以捕捉到二期、三期幼虫,采用扫描电子显微镜、一体式解剖显微镜、超景深成像仪等进行观察并描述。在解剖镜下看到蝇蛆具有12段体节,分别为1段双叶伪头、3段胸节、7段腹节和肛部。扫描电子显微镜下观察到一期幼虫双叶伪头上具有很多感受器和一对口钩,口钩附在头骨架上,蝇蛆体表有很多硬刺,每一体节上刺的数量与排列方式不同。黑须污蝇二期、三期幼虫前呼吸孔呈扇形,由5个分支组成。肛部为最后一体节,呈半球型,后呼吸孔隐藏在气门腔内。     

花粉和蜂蜜两者中矿物质含量相关性分析

测定了 5种花粉和其相对应的 5种蜂蜜以及过滤花粉粒后 5种蜂蜜中Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn、Cd、Pb、Co、Ni、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P及Se 14种元素含量 ,结果表明 :花粉中矿物质含量都比同种蜂蜜中的含量高。当把蜂蜜中的花粉粒过滤后 ,蜂蜜中的矿物质含量大多数下降 10 %～ 35 %。