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为深入了解中国与蒙古国进出境动物检疫制度,促进贸易开展,对双方进出境动物及动物产品检疫的主要法律——《中华人民共和国进出境动植物检疫法》及其实施条例和《蒙古国进出境动植物及动植物原材料、产品检疫法》进行比较,并分析各自特点。对比发现:中蒙两国动物检疫法在基本情况、立法目的、被检疫对象、境外检疫要求、检疫审批、进境检疫、出境检疫、过境检疫、旅客携带邮寄物检疫、运输工具检疫以及各方权利和义务等方面的规定基本一致。但蒙古国检疫法规定对进境、出境或过境的动物及动物产品须进行专门风险分析,而我国没有对风险分析相关内容在法律和行政法规层面进行规定;蒙古国对不同动物分类规定了不同的境外隔离检疫期限,而我国仅以双边签署的议定书形式进行规定,期限大多统一为30 d;蒙古国按旅客携带动物、动物产品,如果来自严重动物传染病的国家/地区,则禁止进境,而我国则禁止携带、邮寄几乎所有的动物及其产品,这种一律禁止的做法过于机械。由此建议,我国需在法律层面作出进出境动物检疫风险分析和可接受风险的规定,并提高管理能力,根据不同动物风险等级设定隔离检疫期限,调整携带、邮寄物的检疫措施,加快推进进出境动物检疫法修订工作。 相似文献
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动物卫生监督机构在对进口动物产品检疫监管中存在适用法律错误、超越职权、主体错位等问题.笔者建议相关部门应当依照法律法规的规定,厘清各自检疫监管职能,明确进出境动物产品的检疫及后续监管职责是进出境动植物检疫机关的法定职责. 相似文献
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现代化的动物产业发展模式,给动物产品安全带来诸多风险,导致食源性疾病患病人数增多,引发一系列动物产品安全事件。在养殖阶段,为控制疫病发生,提高生产效率,需要使用疫苗、药物及添加剂等,但是,超标准使用或违规使用,将导致动物产品药物残留、重金属等有害物质超标;在动物产品的加工、物流和销售等环节,均存在不合格卫生条件与违规使用添加剂等风险。在世界范围内,动物产品安全性成为重大公共安全问题,关系到产业可持续发展和人类身心健康,是亟待解决的社会问题。本文根据我国畜牧业生产现状、经济社会发展水平和动物源食品的消费特点,借鉴国外动物标识技术的经验,阐述作者2002年以来从事《动物及动物产品标识与可追溯体系研究》工作,提出建立我国动物及动物产品标识技术与可追溯管理的框架,如何与生产单位相结合推广溯源系统,跨省大流通格局与多部门管理的问题和可追溯体系的未来。 相似文献
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现代化的动物产业发展模式,给动物产品安全带来诸多风险,导致食源性疾病患病人数增多,引发一系列动物产品安全事件。在养殖阶段,为控制疫病发生,提高生产效率,需要使用疫苗、药物及添加剂等,但是,超标准使用或违规使用,将导致动物产品药物残留、重金属等有害物质超标;在动物产品的加工、物流和销售等环节,均存在不合格卫生条件与违规使用添加剂等风险。在世界范围内,动物产品安全性成为重大公共安全问题,关系到产业可持续发展和人类身心健康,是亟待解决的社会问题。本文根据我国畜牧业生产现状、经济社会发展水平和动物源食品的消费特点,借鉴国外动物标识技术的经验,阐述作者2002年以来从事《动物及动物产品标识与可追溯体系研究》工作,提出建立我国动物及动物产品标识技术与可追溯管理的框架,如何与生产单位相结合推广溯源系统,跨省大流通格局与多部门管理的问题和可追溯体系的未来。 相似文献
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日本的进出境动物检疫 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
日本是个由北海道、本州、四国、九州四个主要岛屿组成的岛国,因其四面环水,无陆路与他国相通,是动物防疫工作的环境优越型国家;同时,日本又是个经济发达而又资源匮乏的国家,每年须从国外进口大量的农畜产品,这就对进出境动物检疫工作提出了严格要求。日本曾是无口蹄疫、牛瘟和非洲猪瘟等病毒性动物疾病的国家之一,但2000年春季在日本发生了口蹄疫疫情,在日本朝野引起了极大的震动。 为了便于我国企业和检疫人员了解日本的进出境动物检疫概况,促进我国农畜产品的对日出口,兹将日本的进出境动物检疫情况做一综述。1动物检疫… 相似文献
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Beran GW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,86(3-4):198-207
When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures. 相似文献
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在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。 相似文献
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Dekker A Dercksen D Snoep J van Wuyjckhuise L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(18):695-701
On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures. 相似文献
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近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2%的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。 相似文献
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