陕西杨凌某兔场球虫种类与感染情况调查研究

本研究采用家兔粪便检查法和球虫卵曩培养法对杨凌某兔场球虫种类和感染情况进行了调查研究。结果表明,家兔球虫总感染率为67.5%,其中3~4月龄幼兔球虫感染率高达95%,15~16月龄的成年兔感染率为40%;鉴定出兔球虫种类8种,全为多种混合感染。优势种为穿孔艾美耳球虫(E.perforans)、黄艾美耳球虫(E.flavescens)、无残艾美耳球虫(E.irresidua)、斯氏艾美耳球虫(E.stiedai),所占比例分别为28.7%,19.3%,18.0%和16.7%。研究结果为该兔场球虫病的防治提供了参考资料。     

福建某獭兔场兔艾美耳球虫感染情况调查及种类鉴定

为掌握福建某规模化獭兔场兔球虫病的流行情况,采用麦克马斯特计数法(McMaster's method)和饱和氯化钠溶液漂浮法,对采集的494份獭兔粪便样品中兔球虫感染情况和卵囊种类进行调查分析。结果显示,该獭兔场兔球虫总感染率和平均每克粪便卵囊数(OPG值)分别为87.45%和2.56×10⁴,各日龄段均有感染,其中以40日龄左右兔和65日龄左右兔感染率最高,分别达98.61%和98.95%;30日龄以下哺乳仔兔感染率和OPG值均最低,分别为19.23%和331,且该场兔球虫卵囊的OPG值分布符合负二项分布。本次调查共检出11种兔艾美耳球虫,均为混合感染,感染球虫种类多为3~7种;其中感染比例最高的4种兔球虫依次为穿孔艾美耳球虫(20.15%)、中型艾美耳球虫(16.79%)、小型艾美耳球虫(13.94%)和大型艾美耳球虫(13.48%)。     

榆林市某兔场笼养比利时兔球虫感染情况调查

为了解榆林市某兔场笼养比利时兔球虫的感染情况,试验采用饱和盐水漂浮法、司陶尔虫卵计数法和重铬酸钾培养法对57份粪便样品进行兔球虫感染情况调查。结果表明:该兔场兔球虫平均感染率为64.9%。成年兔感染率为61.5%,感染强度为400个;幼兔感染率为72.2%,感染强度为600个。共检出8种球虫,分别为小型艾美耳球虫(E.exigua)、纳格浦尔艾美耳球虫(E.nagpurensis)、黄艾美耳球虫(E.flavescens)、梨形艾美耳球虫(E.piriformis)、大型艾美耳球虫(E.magna)、斯氏艾美耳球虫(E.stiedai)、盲肠艾美耳球虫(E.coecicola)、松林艾美耳球虫(E.matsubayashii),其中黄艾美耳球虫、梨形艾美耳球虫、斯氏艾美耳球虫所占比例较高,分别为23%、19%、17%。说明该兔场笼养兔球虫感染率较高,黄艾美耳球虫、梨形艾美耳球虫、斯氏艾美耳球虫为优势种。     

山东潍坊某獭兔场兔艾美耳球虫感染情况调查

为掌握山东潍坊某獭兔场兔艾美耳球虫的流行情况,采用麦克马斯特计数法对采集的168份獭兔粪便样品进行兔球虫感染情况调查。结果表明,该獭兔场兔艾美耳球虫感染率为83.93%,OPG平均值为0.8×10~4,个体OPG高达2.0×10~5,66.0%样品为2~5种球虫混合感染。1~3月龄幼兔和4~7月龄青年兔感染率较高,分别为92.0%和91.9%,且幼兔感染强度OPG值最高,平均值为2.0×10~4。调查共检出7种兔艾美耳球虫,以中型艾美耳球虫、维氏艾美耳球虫、大型艾美耳球虫和小型艾美耳球虫为优势种。     

兔球虫病的发生及其防治

兔球虫病是家兔常见的一种流行性疾病,是由艾美耳属的多种球虫寄生于肝胆管及肠上皮细胞而引起的一种兔寄生虫病。各种品种的家兔都有易感性,4￣5月龄内的幼兔对球虫的抵抗力很弱,其感染率高达100%,患病后的幼兔死亡率可达40%￣70%,耐过的病兔长期不能康复,生长发育受到严重影响,给养兔业造成巨大的经济损失。成年兔多为亚临床型或带虫者,主要症状表现为虚弱、消瘦、贫血、腹泻等,幼兔发育受阻,甚至死亡。由于球虫的种类和寄生部位的不同,可以分为肝球虫病和肠球虫病,但混合感染最为常见。1病原兔球虫属原生动物门,孢子虫纲,真球虫目,艾美耳…     

3种兔对斯氏艾美耳球虫成都分离株的耐受力比较

为初步探讨3种兔对斯氏艾美耳球虫的耐受力差异及该球虫的毒力,本文分离得到成都地区的斯氏艾美耳球虫,用两种不同剂量的该球虫对新西兰白兔、比利时兔、福建黄兔进行致病性试验。结果发现:感染1×105个孢子化卵囊时,3种兔的死亡率分别为90%、80%和80%;平均增重差异不显著;肝脏病变计分差异不显著;平均死亡时间为感染后的18.67天、20.88天和21天。当感染5×104个孢子化卵囊时,3种兔的死亡率分别为80%、80%和70%;平均增重、肝脏病变计分和肝指数差异不显著;平均死亡时间为感染后的18.63天、20天和21天。结果表明:3个品种兔在感染相同剂量该球虫后,死亡率和死亡时间有差异,福建黄兔死亡时间偏后,死亡率相对较低,但3者在增重和病变计分上并无显著差异;斯氏艾美耳球虫成都分离株的致病力强,5×104个孢子化卵囊可造成幼兔至少70%的死亡。     

重庆市江津地区家兔球虫种类的形态学观察

对重庆江津地区家兔球虫感染情况进行调查，发现以断奶后至2月龄的幼兔最易感染，且发病率和死亡率高。调查显示，兔的球虫感染率为100％，多为混合感染，共检出12种艾美耳球虫，即：斯氏艾美耳球虫，大型艾美耳球虫，梨形艾美耳球虫，黄艾美耳球虫，中型艾美耳球虫，盲肠艾美耳球虫，肠艾美耳球虫，穿孔艾美耳球虫，兔艾美耳球虫，小型艾美耳球虫，新兔艾美耳球虫和松林艾美耳球虫，并进行形态观察，初步认为其致病虫种主要为斯氏艾美耳球虫，大型艾美耳球虫，梨形艾美耳球虫和黄艾美耳球虫。     

荥经县长毛兔球虫病感染情况调查及防治对策

2004年春季对荥经县附城、五宪、烈太3个乡26家兔场的球虫病感染情况进行调查,3月龄以内幼兔感染率高达93.9%,3~6月龄青年兔为60.7%,6月龄以上成年兔为47.6%。其主要感染球虫种类有大型艾美耳球虫、斯氏艾美耳球虫、盲肠艾美耳球虫等10种。并在调查研究的基础上提出了相应的防治对策。     

西昌市郊兔球虫感染情况调查

为了摸清西昌市兔球虫感染现状,进而更好地为防治兔球虫病提供依据,采用饱和盐水漂浮法和麦克马斯特氏虫卵计数法,对采自西昌市郊的101份新鲜粪样进行兔球虫感染情况调查。结果显示:西昌市郊兔球虫平均感染率为85.1%,共检出11种艾美耳球虫,优势虫种为盲肠艾美耳球虫、大型艾美耳球虫、穿孔艾美耳球虫。调查表明:西昌市兔球虫感染非常普遍,呈混合感染,且致病种占有一定的优势。     

中兽药在抗兔球虫病上的应用研究与展望

兔球虫病是由原虫引起的寄生虫病,是家兔常见的危害最严重的寄生虫病之一,使幼兔生长发育受阻,甚至大批死亡.据调查,42～60日龄的幼兔感染率为100%,60～72日龄感染率为97.5%,4～5月龄后备种兔的感染率为96.3%,1～2岁种兔感染率为93.8%,3～4岁的种兔感染率为66.6%.根据文献报道,兔球虫共有16种,其中除斯氏艾美耳球虫寄生在肝胆管的上皮细胞外,其余寄生在肠黏膜上皮细胞内.本病多发生于温暖多雨季节,常呈地方性流行,炎热多雨潮湿的夏季最易暴发流行.断奶、变换饲料、运动场卫生差、营养不良、细菌感染等是本病的诱发因素.一般为肠型、肝型和混合型感染[1].     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.