二代靶向测序在CRISPR/Cas9靶区筛选中的应用性研究

旨在利用二代靶向测序技术比较不同靶区对CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑结局的影响,为该技术应用过程中的靶区筛选提供技术参考。本研究进行如下试验:1)以小鼠Pyk2基因为研究对象,针对其第一外显子区设计3个靶区,通过打靶质粒构建、细胞转染及转染细胞DNA二代靶向测序等手段发现,不同靶区总体的基因编辑(Indels)效率相差较大(site1:32.0%;site2:7.9%;site3:69.5%),编辑修复的偏好性也存在较大区别;而对于同一靶区,总编辑效率在2组试验重复中较为稳定(site1:31.8%vs 32.3%;site2:7.4%vs 8.4%;site3:71.3%vs 67.8%),编辑的偏好性也相对一致;2)针对上述筛出的最佳靶区site1,通过sgRNA与Cas9体外转录、小鼠胚胎显微注射和移植及子代的基因型鉴定等手段,结果发现,上述靶区的基因编辑偏好性在基因编辑动物生产中也得到证实;3)利用上述得到的site1靶区插入一个碱基的突变小鼠,在原靶区位置设计与site1仅相差一个碱基的sgRNA。通过突变小鼠基因组PCR和Cas9酶体外切割试验发现,靶区切割位点单碱基的插入就对该靶区编辑的效率产生显著影响(49.2%vs 0%)。综上所述,靶区选择对CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑的结局影响显著,通过二代靶向测序可以有效筛选CRISPR-Cas9基因编辑靶区,并在模式动物生产过程中也获得较好的结果。此外,针对靶区切割位点的单个碱基插入对基因编辑效率影响显著。     

利用CRISPR/Cas9技术对鸡AMHR2基因进行精确编辑

为了在鸡基因组上对AMHR2基因进行精确编辑,该研究利用crispr.mit.edu:807网站设计并通过PCR退火拟合获得成对的AMHR2基因靶位点,将靶位点分别整合进pX330-U6-Chimeric_dBsa I-CBh-hSpCas9载体骨架,构建靶向AMHR2基因的成对CRISPR/Cas9敲除载体。将包含成对靶位点的DNA序列整合进pB-CMV-DsRed-CAG-Chimeric.200 bp repeat.Puro-T2A-GFP载体骨架,构建与敲除载体对应的双荧光报告载体。载体测序鉴定正确后分别共转染HEK293T细胞与鸡DF-1细胞,通过细胞荧光粗略判断CRISPR/Cas9系统是否工作。随后,利用Puromycin对基因编辑阳性的DF-1细胞进行药物筛选富集,提取细胞基因组进行TA克隆,进一步检测CRISPR/Cas9系统的工作效率。结果表明靶向鸡AMHR2基因的CRISPR/Cas9敲除系统构建成功,且成对靶位点敲除系统的工作效率高于单一靶位点敲除系统,CRISPR/Cas9敲除系统在DF-1细胞基因组上对AMHR2基因的敲除效率约为60.0%,并在鸡DF-1细胞基因组上实现了AMHR2基因的精确编辑。     

CRISPR/Cas9介导的绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞肌肉生长抑制素基因敲除研究

肌肉生长抑制素(myostatin,MSTN)基因突变可引起动物出现"双肌"性状,提高产肉性能。利用CRISPR/Cas9技术制备MSTN基因敲除的绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞,为制备MSTN基因敲除羊提供材料。设计构建4个靶向MSTN基因的CRISPR/Cas9载体,脂质体转染细胞后,通过SURVEYOR分析和测序等方法对敲除效率进行检测,采用极限稀释法挑选稳定敲除的细胞系。试验成功构建了4个靶向MSTN基因的CRISPR/Cas9载体,细胞转染后,测序结果显示pX330-target 1和pX330-target 4载体作用的靶位点处出现突变,SURVEYOR分析检测其在靶位点产生切割的效率分别为24.20%和10.18%。通过极限稀释法,获得12个MSTN基因突变的细胞克隆,其中1个为纯合突变。序列比对发现靶位点处有小片段碱基插入或缺失突变,部分会出现移码突变。成功利用CRISPR/Cas9系统实现了绵羊MSTN基因敲除,证明该系统可有效应用于绵羊基因编辑,产生的突变细胞系为制备MSTN基因敲除羊提供了材料。     

CRISPR/Cas9系统介导的一步法胚胎注射获得猪GGTA1敲除胚胎

利用CRISPR/Cas9系统介导的一步法注射方式,对猪1-细胞期孤雌胚胎进行注射来获得GGTA1基因敲除胚胎,同时对胚胎发育过程进行跟踪,探索CRISPR/Cas9系统介导猪基因敲除效率和对胚胎发育的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,利用CRISPR/Cas9系统一步法制备基因敲除胚胎,对卵裂率、囊胚率等胚胎发育指标方面无显著影响;利用T7内切酶I检测发现,GGTA1基因突变率约为28.07%;测序发现,突变类型包括插入型突变以及插入-删除型突变。说明CRISPR/Cas9系统介导的一步法能够高效快速地实现基因敲除且不影响早期胚胎发育。     

利用CRISPR/Cas9系统构建的转基因家蚕对核型多角体病毒的抑制

CRISPR/Cas9介导的基因编辑已经被证明可以通过破坏病原体的基因来有效地抑制感染。西南大学的DONG Z等学者最近构建了表达CRISPR/Cas9的家蚕转基因系和以家蚕核型多角体病毒(BmNPV)为目标的sgRNA,以调节家蚕早期基因的表达。通过G,代杂交获得4个转基因杂交系:Cas9(-)/sgRNA(-),Cas9(C)/sgRNA(-),Cas9(-)/sgRNA(C)和Cas9(C)/sgRNA(C)。研究证明了Cas9(C)/sgRNA(C)转基因系有效地编辑了家蚕核型多角体病毒(BmNPV)基因组的目标位点,并在BmNPV感染后观察到大片段缺失。研究者进一步对Cas9(C)/sgRNA(C)转基因系的抗病毒分析表明,半致死剂量(LD_(50))比正常接种包涵体后的值高出1 000倍。作者分析了Cas9(C)/sgRNA(C)转基因杂交系的经济性状和脱靶效率,与正常水平无显著差异。作者的研究表明CRISPR/Cas9介导的基因编辑可以更有效地靶向家蚕核型多角体病毒(BmNPV)基因组,并可作为一种昆虫抗病毒的方法。     

利用CRISPR/Cas 9技术构建大肠杆菌aroA基因的敲除系统及其初步应用

旨在利用CRISPR/Cas 9新型基因编辑技术构建大肠杆菌aroA基因的敲除系统,并分析其对不同大肠杆菌aroA基因敲除、修复的差异。首先构建靶向aroA基因的CRISPR/Cas 9载体;随后人工设计同源修复供体基因序列,并亚克隆到CRISPR/Cas 9载体中,构建成完整的CRISPR/Cas 9基因敲除体系;将该系统分别应用到大肠杆菌DH10B、DH5α和JM109细胞中,PCR鉴定筛选到的阳性菌株,并回收其扩增条带进行克隆、测序。CRISPR/Cas 9载体的酶切与测序结果均正确,表明载体构建成功;PCR鉴定结果显示,该系统对三种大肠杆菌均能进行aroA基因的有效敲除,敲除效率为46%~58%;测序结果进一步证实目的基因敲除成功。本试验成功构建大肠杆菌aroA基因CRISPR/Cas 9敲除系统,为进一步研究致病菌aroA基因功能及开发减毒大肠杆菌疫苗提供新型、有效的基因敲除工具。     

靶向敲除猪ApoE基因的CRISPR/Cas9系统构建及基因组检测

通过敲除猪的ApoE基因,为后期构建ApoE缺陷型动物模型奠定基础。利用CRISPR/Cas9系统和实验室前期构建的报告载体,分别构建了靶向猪ApoE基因的两个CRISPR/Cas9表达载体和相应的报告载体。通过CRISPR/Cas9表达载体和RG(Red-GFP)报告载体转染HEK 293T细胞荧光观察结果显示,构建的CRISPR/Cas9表达载体均有较高的活性,进一步在流式细胞仪上检测其活性分别为6.50%和6.83%。将CRISPR/Cas9表达载体和RPG(Red-PuroR-GFP)报告载体转染PK15细胞系,经过嘌呤霉素药物筛选后,对富集到的细胞进行基因组检测。结果显示本系统能够对猪PK15细胞中的ApoE基因进行有效的敲除,其敲除效率分别为40%、53.3%。试验结果可为ApoE敲除猪动物模型的构建提供理论依据。     

CRISPR/Cas9系统敲除山羊CDK2基因载体构建及转染效率检测

细胞周期蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶-2(CDK2)是细胞通过和进入S期所必须的细胞周期调节激酶,与许多癌细胞的生长有关。然而,目前在山羊上关于CDK2基因敲除及相关功能的研究尚未见报道。研究采用CRISPR/cas9系统,首先设计CDK2基因的sgRNA片段,在合成CDK2 sgRNA核苷酸序列后,构建能够同时表达sgRNA和Cas9 D10A的质粒PYSY-CDK2 sgRNA,连接并转化至大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞,对转化子进行验证,最后转染HEK293T细胞,检测细胞荧光和细胞增殖。酶切和测序结果证明,CDK2基因敲除载体构建正确;荧光显微镜检测显示,细胞转染效率在75%以上;细胞增殖检测表明,山羊CDK2敲除质粒不会对人源细胞增殖产生影响。说明采用CRISPR/Cas9构建的载体,可为后续获得山羊CDK2基因缺失型细胞系,研究支原体肺炎感染引发的细胞凋亡分子机制提供理论依据。     

CRISPR/Cas9技术高效制备山羊SOCS2基因编辑胚胎

旨在设计、筛选高效编辑山羊胚胎生长负调控因子SOCS2基因的sgRNA,为通过SOCS2基因编辑创制快长型山羊奠定技术基础。本研究利用在线网站对山羊SOCS2基因SH2结构域保守序列设计2条sgRNA,构建表达载体,体外转录获得sgRNA及Cas9 mRNA;体外检测sgRNA+Cas9蛋白切割靶DNA的效率;在此基础上将屠宰场山羊卵巢分离培养的442个孤雌胚胎进行分组,2个试验组显微注射sgRNA和Cas9 mRNA混合物,对照组注射超纯水,以单个囊胚全基因组DNA扩增产物为模板,PCR扩增靶区域并测序鉴定,发生编辑的样本进行T-A克隆测序检测编辑形式;根据在线网站预测,每条sgRNA选择5个错配数最少的潜在脱靶位点进行脱靶检测。结果表明,在SOCS2基因83和96号氨基酸密码子附近区域获得2条sgRNA并成功构建表达载体,体外转录获得高质量sgRNA和Cas9 mRNA;两条sgRNA均可引导Cas9蛋白在体外完全切割靶DNA;SOCS2-sg-83对胚胎的编辑效率为94.1%,160个T-A克隆中有152个在靶位点出现插入、缺失或替换,概率为95.0%,其中81.3%发生了移码突...     

基于CRISPR/Cas9敲除技术研究Gata4基因在雄性小鼠睾丸发育中的功能

旨在通过CRISPR/Cas9技术研究Gata4基因在雄性小鼠睾丸中的作用机制。试验以C57BL/6小鼠为模型,通过CRISPR/Cas9技术在雄性小鼠体内敲除Gata4基因,组织学观察睾丸形态学变化,ELISA法测定雄激素相关合成酶,实时定量PCR检测相关标记基因。利用CRISPR/Cas9技术成功在小鼠体内敲除Gata4基因,通过PCR扩增、酶切计算得到基因敲除率93%;在2月龄小鼠性成熟时,通过定量PCR、HE染色和ELISA检测发现,与对照组相比,敲除组小鼠睾丸发育迟缓,明显变小,精原细胞和精子生成减少,睾丸中雄性信号通路相关基因(Stra8,Vasa,Dazl,Tnp1,Spo11,Sox9,17HSDb3,Dmrt1)表达量降低,雄激素水平显著降低。研究表明,Gata4在雄性小鼠生殖器官发育与精子生成过程中具有重要功能。     

荷斯坦牛TLR2基因遗传多态性与乳腺炎抗性关系分析

利用PCR-RFLP方法检测TLR2基因在297头中国荷斯坦牛中的多态性,并分析其多态性与体细胞评分(SCS)的相关性.结果显示,TLR2基因exon2扩增片断的109 bp处产生C→A的突变,并导致天冬氨酸改变为谷氨酸.TLR2基因exon2被EcoRV消化后表现多态性,表现AA、AB、BB 3种基因型,其中B等位基因为优势等住基因,等位基因频率为0.784 5,而A等位基因频率则为0.215 5.经X2适合性检验,中国荷斯坦牛在该位点达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态.同时,群体EcoRV基因座不同基因型与SCS相关分析的结果表明,BB、AB型个体的SCS指标显著高于AA型(P<0.05),AA基因型可作为乳腺炎抗性的有利基因型,可将TLR2作为奶牛乳腺炎候选基因,应用于乳腺炎抗性分子标记辅助选择育种.     

蜜蜂功能基因研究现状

蜜蜂基因组的研究在经历了一段瓶颈之后,随着近几年分子生物技术的发展,已成为当今遗传育种界的研究热点之一。利用遗传基因的定位和转基因技术来寻找影响性状及群体遗传结构的基因,从而应用于蜜蜂品种起源、免疫反应与疾病防御机制、脑功能、变态反应原的研究。本文综述了蜜蜂品种起源、蜜蜂基因组进化、蜜蜂免疫通路基因、蜜蜂型态(等级)分化基因表达、蜜蜂神经激素GPCRs基因、蜜蜂毒液变态反应原Apim6变态反应基因等功能的研究现状。     

Diversity of the ovine DQA2 gene

Variation in the ovine DQA2 gene was investigated in approximately 2,000 sheep from six breeds. Fragments of DNA containing the ovine DQA2 exon 2 were amplified using PCR. Single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis and DNA sequence analysis were employed to detect genetic variation. Twenty-three nucleic acid sequences, encoding 22 DQA2 amino acid sequences, were identified. This increases the number of alleles identified from 10 to 23. In some cases, three or four unique sequences were isolated from individual sheep, suggesting that these DQA2 sequences may represent two loci. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that 5 of these 23 sequences were more closely related to cattle DQA3 or DQA4 sequences than to other sheep DQA2 sequences. These sequences clustered together and were called DQA2-like to differentiate them from other DQA2 sequences. There was no evidence of DQA5-like sequences in sheep. Information theory-based analysis indicated that some of the DQA2-like sequences had low information content at splice sites, suggesting that these alleles may have low functional activity. Allelic lineages were observed not only at the DQA2 locus, but also at the DQA2-like locus, supporting the trans-species mode of evolution of MHC genes. Comparison of the allelic sequences suggests that polymorphism seems to have arisen largely by point mutation and gene conversion, and a recent gene conversion event seems to have occurred between the DQA2 and DQA2-like loci. The high level of sequence polymorphism detected and varied number of loci demonstrate the extensive diversity of the ovine DQA2 gene.     

Linkage of the gene for the scrapie-associated fibril protein (PrP) to the Sip gene in Cheviot sheep

The gene Sip with two alleles, sA and pA, is the major gene determining the incubation period of scrapie in its natural host, sheep. Two lines of Cheviot sheep have been bred which differ in their response to experimental infection with SSBP/1 scrapie. The negative line have a decreased incidence of disease caused by SSBP/1 and are SippApA. The positive line have an increased incidence of disease and the majority are either SipsAsA or SipsApA; it is not possible to distinguish between the two genotypes on the basis of scrapie incubation time because the sA allele is fully dominant with SSBP/1 scrapie. There are also rare SippApA segregants in the positive line. The major protein (PrP) of scrapie-associated fibrils is encoded by a cellular gene and a cDNA copy of the hamster PrP mRNA has been used to analyse the restriction fragment length polymorphism of the two lines of Cheviot sheep. Two polymorphisms of the sheep PrP gene were found, by using HindIII and EcoRI, which appear to act as markers for the alleles of Sip. Using these polymorphisms it is now possible to assign a Sip genotype to the sheep in the Cheviot flock. Preliminary results from Anglo-Nubian goats and a cow are also reported.     

Therapeutic implications of the MDR-1 gene

Drug transporters significantly influence drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. P-glycoprotein (P-gp), the product of the MDR1 (ABCB1) gene, is among the most well-characterized drug transporters, particularly in veterinary medicine. A number of clinically relevant, structurally and functionally unrelated drugs are substrates for P-gp. P-gp is expressed by a variety of normal tissues including the intestines, renal tubular cells, brain capillary endothelial cells, biliary canalicular cells, and others, where it functions to actively extrude substrate drugs. In this capacity, P-gp limits oral absorption and central nervous system entry of many substrate drugs. A number of MDR1 polymorphisms have been described in human patients, some of which result in altered drug pharmacokinetics and susceptibility to diseases such as Parkinson's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, refractory seizures, and others. An MDR1 polymorphism in herding breed dogs, including collies and Australian shepherds, has been demonstrated to be the cause of ivermectin sensitivity in these breeds. Recent evidence suggests that this polymorphism, a 4-bp deletion mutation, results in increased susceptibility to the toxicity of several drugs in addition to ivermectin. Furthermore, data in rodent models suggest that P-gp may play an important role in regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.     

扩展莫尼茨绦虫DAZ基因保守结构域所在片段的克隆及原核表达

为了克隆和表达编码扩展莫尼茨绦虫无精症缺失(DAZ)基因,试验根据GenBank中扩展莫尼茨绦虫DAZ基因cDNA序列(登录号为GH291478)设计1对特异性引物,以扩展莫尼茨绦虫组织总RNA为模板,RT-PCR扩增DAZ基因,并克隆到pMD19-T载体中进行序列测定,构建重组质粒pET28a-DAZ,转化BL21(DE3)大肠杆菌感受态细胞,以异丙基-β-D-硫代吡喃半乳糖苷(IPTG)进行诱导表达;利用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(SDS-PAGE)分析表达产物,通过螯合琼脂糖凝胶FF亲和层析柱对重组蛋白进行纯化。结果表明:重组DAZ基因在大肠杆菌中高效表达,表达的融合蛋白分子量约为14 ku。     

Embryogenetics: gene control of the embryogenesis of the eye

In recent years there have been significant advances in our knowledge and understanding of the genetic control of embryonic development. The aim of this paper is to review the current state of knowledge regarding genetic control of embryogenesis, the first stage of ocular development. Products of numerous genes participate in signaling, induction and control during the formation of the neural plate, groove and tube, key events leading to the development of the future eye.     

辽宁种猪H-FABP和A-FABP基因位点多态性研究

目的:检测辽宁种猪H-FABP和A-FABP基因位点多态性。方法:采用PCR-RFLP技术。结果:4个猪种H-FABP基因HinfI和HaeⅢ点酶切位点上都显示多态性,优势基因型分别为HH和dd型,荷包猪H-FABP基因5′上游区和第二内含子多态性分析的结果显示H和d基因的频率较高;4个猪种A-FABP基因内含子IBsmI位点进行PCR-RFLP均检测到3种基因型,在地方猪种东北荷包猪中,等位基因A为优势基因,在国外引进猪种大白,长白,杜洛克猪中,等位基因B为优势基因。结论:荷包猪具有高肌内脂肪含量,我国地方猪种肉质优于引入品种。     

BmNPV病毒的P10基因研究进展

家蚕核型多角体病毒（Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus,BmNPV）是一种杆状病毒，而P10基因是杆状病毒的一种晚期高交表达基因。为了进一步了解P10基因在家蚕作为外源表达载体中的作用，现对国内外在BmNPV的P10基因方面的研究进行综述，以提高对P10基因的应用。