陈化早籼糙米的适宜挤压膨化工艺参数研究

试验旨在研究实验室条件下的挤压膨化机螺杆转速、套筒温度、喂料速度、原料水分等工艺参数条件,对贮存3年的陈化早籼糙米淀粉糊化度和挤压膨胀度的影响,进而确定陈化早籼糙米的适宜挤压膨化加工参数。结果表明:当螺杆转速或喂料速度加快时降低了陈化早籼糙米淀粉糊化度和挤压膨胀度;适当提高套筒温度、保持适宜的原料水分可提高淀粉糊化度和挤压膨胀度,就评价陈化早籼糙米挤压膨化的效果而言,挤压膨胀度与淀粉糊化度的效应一致。实际生产时建议采用80～90℃膨化温度,20%原料水分,30.6kg/min喂料速度的膨化工艺参数。     

挤压膨化生产小龙虾饲料加工工艺研究

本试验采用挤压膨化技术，以膨化度、密度、稳定性和糊化度为主要指标，研究小龙虾饲料挤压膨化加工工艺条件。结果表明：影响小龙虾饲料挤压膨化工艺的主要因素是挤压膨化温度，其次是螺杆转速，物料含水量影响最小。最佳工艺条件为物料含水量26%、螺杆转速200 r/min、挤压膨化温度105 ℃，在该工艺条件下生产的产品结构光滑质密，膨化度为1.42、密度为1.18 g/cm3、稳定性为88.7%、糊化度为92.5%。 [关键词] 挤压|饲料|小龙虾|加工工艺     

单螺杆挤压沉性膨化饲料的工艺研究

沉性膨化饲料具有较好的耐水性。本文研究了使用单螺杆挤压机生产沉性膨化料的挤压工艺条件,研究了物料水分、机筒温度、螺杆转速对饲料颗粒性质的影响。对于粗蛋白40.6%的河蟹饲料,适宜的挤压条件为:调质后物料水分29%,螺杆转速190r/min,揉和区和熟化区机筒温度分别为120℃和40℃,挤压得饲料颗粒沉降速度0.0546m/s,水浸1h干物质损失率9.32%,耐水时间大于24h,糊化度97.12%,原料中用生大豆粉代替豆粕可改善颗粒耐水性。     

调质工艺参数对小麦粉饲用品质的影响

文章通过单因素试验研究喂料速度、蒸汽压力、原料粒度对小麦粉调质后水分、糊化度、蛋白溶解度的影响。结果表明,当喂料速度从8 r/min增加到24 r/min时,物料水分和糊化度都呈下降趋势,水分从18.77%降低到15.89%,糊化度从40.65%下降到13.66%,蛋白溶解度则从50.48%上升到70.66%;当蒸汽压力从0.2 MPa增加到0.45 MPa时,物料水分从14.87%增加至17.46%,蛋白溶解度先降低后升高,在蒸汽压力为0.4 MPa时出现极小值,为67.11%,糊化度则先升高后降低,当蒸汽压力为0.35 MPa时糊化度最高,为24.55%;当原料粒度从1.2 mm增加到3.0 mm时,物料水分从18.2%下降到17.11%,蛋白溶解度有一定的波动,但整体向上,并在粒度为2.0 mm时出现极小值,为71.72%,糊化度先升高后降低,原料粒度为2.5 mm时出现极大值,为24.48%。综合比较,分别得出当喂料速度为16 r/min、蒸汽压力为0.35 MPa、原料粒度为2.5 mm时调制效果较好。     

高乳清粉熟化软颗粒教槽料制备工艺的探究与优化

试验旨在探究高乳清粉熟化软颗粒仔猪教槽料的制备工艺中的主要工艺参数对饲料成品效果的影响，并优化加工工艺参数。通过单因素试验探究熟化软颗粒教槽料加工过程中的水分添加量(12%～24%)、出口温度(115～135℃）、螺杆转速（180～380 r/min)对饲料硬度、凝胶成型效果的影响，确定适宜工艺参数范围。在此基础上，以水分的添加量（14%、16%、18%、20%、22%）、出口温度（116、120、124、128、132℃）和螺杆转速（220、250、280、310、340r/min）为试验因素，先采用单因素试验，初步确定各因素适宜范围，再利用正交试验得出最佳工艺参数，并以饲料中的淀粉糊化度为评价指标进行验证试验。试验得出的工艺参数组合为：水分添加量为20%，出口温度为132℃，螺杆转速为320 r/min，在此工艺条件下制出的高乳清粉熟化软颗粒教槽料淀粉糊化度为85.92%。     

哺乳期母猪熟化软颗粒饲料加工工艺参数的优化

为降低哺乳期母猪饲料的颗粒硬度,提高饲料中淀粉的糊化度,本试验采用熟化加工工艺,首先以水的添加量(25%~37%)、调质温度(100~120℃)和螺杆转速(150~350 r/min)为试验因素,以颗粒饲料的硬度和凝胶成型状况为试验指标,对饲料的加工工艺参数范围进行初步探索;再通过单因素试验研究各个因素对饲料中淀粉糊化度的影响,确定各因素的适宜范围;最后,采用正交试验分析3因素对淀粉糊化度的影响显著性及主次顺序,确定哺乳期母猪熟化软颗粒饲料部分加工工艺的最优参数。优化的工艺参数组合:水的添加量为31%、温度为120℃和螺杆转速为310 r/min,此时饲料的淀粉糊化度可达90.1%,颗粒硬度仅为486 g。     

挤压参数对组织化大豆蛋白糊化度的影响

本试验以单螺杆挤压膨化机为试验设备对豆粕进行膨化试验,研究工艺参数对膨化指标的影响规律。试验结果表明,豆粕含水率、膨化机螺杆转速和机筒温度对豆粕糊化度具有显著的影响。机筒温度是影响糊化度的主要因素。采用优化方法对试验参数进行了优化计算,当膨化机转速为235 r/min、机筒温度为124℃、豆粕含水率为21%时,膨化机工作性能综合指标达到最优。     

膨化工艺参数对全植物蛋白水产饲料颗粒质量的影响

研究旨在评价挤压膨化工艺参数对全植物蛋白配方水产饲料颗粒质量的影响,并为其生产加工提供合理参考。试验选择调质水分含量、模头温度、螺杆转速及吨料开孔面积作为自变量进行单因素试验。结果表明:(1)各项工艺参数均对颗粒物理质量有显著影响(P0.05)且影响程度大小依次为:调质水分含量模头温度螺杆转速吨料开孔面积。(2)此配方适宜生产沉性饲料且合适的加工参数为:调质水分含量28%,模头温度105℃,螺杆转速300 r/min,吨料开孔面积400 mm~2/(t·h)。     

单螺杆挤压机相关参数的优化

本试验采用SDP-45小型单螺杆挤压膨化机,通过三因子五水平二次通用旋转组合设计,研究了豆粕挤压膨化系统诸参数(物料含水率、螺杆转速、机筒温度)对产品容重的影响规律,并优化了挤压膨化系统的最佳参数.结果表明,影响产品容重的豆粕挤压膨化系统诸因素主次排序为:机筒温度>物料含水率>螺杆转速.其较优组合为螺杆转速为240 r/min、机筒温度为130℃、物料含水率为28%.     

熟化软颗粒教槽料加工工艺参数的优化

为探究熟化软颗粒教槽料的最佳加工工艺参数，采用单因素试验和响应面试验对主要加工工艺参数进行优化，利用Design-Expert 8.0.6软件对试验结果进行多元回归拟合，得到熟化软颗粒教槽料糊化度与调质加水量（A）、挤出温度（B）和螺杆转速（C）关系的二次回归方程：R=88.45-2.09A+2.2B+0.65C+0.93AB-0.75AC+0.3BC-2.8A2-1.61B2-2.47C2经回归分析表明：模型的决定系数R2为 98.81%，熟化软颗粒教槽料的糊化度预测值为89.51%，经验证试验在最佳加工工艺参数条件（调质加水量21.4%、挤出温度123 ℃、螺杆转速326 r/min）下，熟化软颗粒教槽料的糊化度实测值为89.33%，回归模型的相对误差小于1%，说明实测值与预测值间有较好的拟合度，回归模型可靠，具有一定的参考价值。 [关键词] 糊化度|教槽料|工艺|响应面法     

Starch gelatinization and physical quality of pea flakes in canine dinners as affected by soaking, steam treatment and infrared radiation

Cleaned, whole smooth green peas (Pisum sativum L.) were reconstituted by soaking in tap water of 40 degrees C (15, 20 or 25 min) and subsequently either toasted (100 degrees C during 1.5 min) and infrared (IR) radiated or just IR radiated. For IR radiation, a small-scale, propane-fired IR radiation plant was used with average residence times of 58 and 92 s respectively. After exiting the conveyor belt, peas were held for a pre-determined period (holding: 0, 15 or 30 min respectively) in a well-insulated container. Finally, all radiated peas were flaked (roll distance 0.75 mm) in a flaking mill located posterior to the IR plant and analysed for chemical and physical properties. Initial pea starch gelatinization degree (SGD) was 10.1% at a total starch content of 410.1 g/kg. Infrared processing during 92 s significantly improved the SGD (from 10.1% to 32.8%) of pea flakes compared to treatment during 58 s (SGD of 18.6%). The SGD was further improved with steam treatment of peas, prior to IR. For all determined parameters, no effect of holding time could be observed. Starch gelatinization degree can be improved by soaking, toasting and IR processing. The substantial improvement of SGD, however can be only obtained by a longer IR residence time as well as through toasting, prior to the IR processing. The improvements in SGD, however are paralleled by a lower durability of flakes (range 34.9% to 87.4%).     

Systemic Granulomatous Disease in a Hungarian Warmblood Gelding

An 8-year-old Hungarian warmblood gelding used for show jumping was evaluated because of poor performance and chronic weight loss. On admission, oral and gastroesophageal ulcerations and malabsorption were detected. Results of thoracic radiography, ultrasonography, bronchoalveolar lavage cytology, and positive polymerase chain reaction for equine herpesvirus 5 raised the possible diagnosis of equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis. However, abdominal ultrasonography revealed inhomogeneous spleen with many different sized well-demarcated hypoechoic areas, which suggested further differential diagnoses such as tuberculosis, neoplasias, immune mediated diseases, systemic granulomatous disease (SGD), or toxicoses. The horse was euthanized at the owner's request because of the poor condition and possible grave prognosis. Histopathology findings were characteristic of SGD, which is a rare disorder of horses characterized by skin lesions, weight loss, and granulomatous inflammation of multiple organ systems. The lack of skin lesions in this case is an unusual finding. Systemic granulomatous disease is hypothesized to be induced by multiple conventional antigens that are not cleared from affected tissues. Equine herpesvirus 5 might have triggered the granulomatous reactions in this particular case.     

添加低剂量大豆卵磷脂稀释液低温保存绵羊精液的优化研究

本实验旨在探讨添加低剂量大豆卵磷脂稀释液对绵羊精液低温保存效果。实验一采用6个浓度(0%、0.25%、0.5%、0.75%、1.0%、1.25%)大豆卵磷脂替代TRIS专利稀释液中卵黄低温保存绵羊精液,在第0、1、4、7、10、12、18天检测精子活率、顶体完整率;实验二选用实验一中最优添加组(0.5%组)和TRIS专利稀释液制成粉剂低温保存绵羊精液,在保存第0、1、4、7、10、12天对精子活率和顶体完整率进行测定,并在保存第10天对绵羊进行人工授精。结果表明:实验一中,0%组从第1天精子活率低于其他组(P<0.05),0.25%组精子活率观测值从第10天开始低于0.25%以上浓度组(P<0.05),0.5%、0.75%、1.0%、1.25%组保存第10天精子活率均大于50%,0.5%组保存第18天精子活率高于1.0%、1.25%组(P<0.05);各组顶体完整率缓慢下降,各时间点均无显著性差异;实验二中,0.5%组与TRIS组在各时间点的精子活率、顶体完整率与受胎率均无显著性差异,保存第10天精子活率均高于50%;0.5%组受胎率为65.49%,略低于TRIS组67.65%(P>0.05)。本实验条件下,绵羊精液低温保存稀释液中添加0.5%大豆卵磷脂替代卵黄效果最佳。     

枯草芽孢杆菌BSPE2501对草坪炭疽病菌的抑制作用

测定了枯草芽孢杆菌BSPE2501菌体和在不同培养时间、培养基、培养基量、转速条件下获得的发酵液对草坪炭疽菌的抑制作用.结果表明:BSPE2501菌体对病原菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发均有明显抑制作用;在NB和BPY中培养获得的发酵液的抑制作用高于在LB和PD中的抑制作用,其1倍发酵液对菌丝生长的抑制率分别达到66.2%和65.5%,明显高于LB(53.5%)、PD(45.8%)的抑制率;其孢子萌发抑制率分别为44.6%、43.1%,高于LB(35.2%)、PD(28.6%)的抑制率;在NB中培养72h、培养基量为100ml、培养转速为150r/min等条件下获得的发酵液的抑菌效果最好,在此条件下获得的1倍发酵液对菌丝生长和孢子萌发的抑制率分别为85.3%和46.9%、75.7%和43.1%、67.2%和43.4%.     

紫花苜蓿苗期除草剂筛选及防效试验

对10.8%盖草能Ec、7.5%禾阔灵Ec、5%精禾草克Ec 3种除草剂不同浓度在苜蓿田中进行药剂筛选及防效试验,结果表明,以禾本科杂草为主,宜选用盖草能,在施药量上,10.8%高效盖草能285~495mL/hm2时效果最好。7.5%禾阔灵、5%精禾草克对单子叶杂草防除效果好,对双子叶杂草禾阔灵防效明显,盖草能、精禾草克基本无效。     

纳米氧化锌与普通氧化锌抑菌性能差异研究

试验研究纳米氧化锌与普通氧化锌对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌作用。试验结果表明,当纳米氧化锌质量分数为3%时,纳米氧化锌的抑菌效果出现了一个陡然的上升;当纳米氧化锌质量分数为4%时,对大肠杆菌及金黄色葡萄球菌产生了明显抑菌效应,紫外线光照时抑菌率分别达到了97.1%和98.3%;当纳米氧化锌质量分数为5%时,无论是紫外线光照还是日光灯照射时抑菌率几乎达到了100%。在日光灯照射条件下,无论是对大肠杆菌还是金黄色葡萄球菌,纳米氧化锌均比普通氧化锌有更好的抑菌作用。当纳米氧化锌和普通氧化锌质量分数均为5%条件下,对大肠杆菌的抑菌率分别达到97.9%和52.9%;对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率分别达到98.8%和68.3%。由此可知,纳米氧化锌在紫外线光照射下的抑菌作用高于日光灯照射;纳米氧化锌对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用高于对大肠杆菌的抑菌作用;纳米氧化锌的抑菌性能强于普通氧化锌。     

钩吻对固始鸡生长性能及免疫性能的影响

通过在3周龄固始鸡饲粮中添加不同剂量（0.4%、0.8%、1.2%、1.6%）的钩吻（GEB）,测定了其对固始鸡生长性能和免疫性能的影响.添加GEB后,日增重、料肉比有所提高,但差异不显著（P〉0.05）,其中添加0.8%GEB日粮组对固始鸡的日增重影响最明显,料肉比最低;添加GEB后,固始鸡的胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊指数均比对照组高,但差异不显著（P〉0.05）,添加一定剂量GEB后,固始鸡血清中针对新城疫病毒（NDV）的抗体效价均比对照组高,5周龄和7周龄时0.8%GEB组、1.2%GEB组和1.6%GEB组显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,9周龄的NDV抗体效价高于对照组但差异不显著（P〉0.05）.     

青贮时间对巨型稻秸秆青贮发酵感官评分与营养品质的影响

试验旨在研究青贮时间对巨型稻秸秆青贮发酵感官评分与营养品质的影响,确定适宜的青贮发酵时间.试验测定3个不同青贮时间(7、14、28 d)巨型稻秸秆的感官评分以及营养品质.结果 表明,青贮时间为7d时,巨型稻秸秆含水量约50％,青贮品质评分最高,评定为优等;此时,青贮料的粗蛋白含量达到最高,为6.83％,粗脂肪、灰分、粗...     

A Survey of Gastrointestinal Pig Parasites on Free-range,Organic and Conventional Pig Farms in The Netherlands

The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in suckling piglets, weaners, fattening pigs and sows was studied from November 2001 to October 2002 on 16 free-range farms (FRF), 11 organic farms (OF) and 9 conventional farms (CF) by means of faecal examinations of composite samples. Each farm was visited four times with a 3-month interval. Infections with coccidia were found on 43.8% of the FRF, 90.9% of the OF and 66.7% of the CF. Sows had the highest prevalence, particularly on FRF (87.5%) and OF (80%).Ascaris suum was present on 50% of the FRF, 72.7% of the OF and 11.1% of the CF, whereas fattening pigs on FRF (42.9%) and OF (54.5%) had the highest prevalence.Oesophagostomum spp. were observed on 25% of the FRF, 27.2% of the OF and 22.2% of the CF. The infection was most prevalent in the sows on all farm types: 37.5% on FRF, 30% on OF and 22.2% on CF.Trichuris suis was found on 37.5% of the FRF, 36.4% of the OF and 11.1% of the CF. Again, this infection was most prevalent in the sows, particularly on the FRF (50%) and OF (30%). No other gastrointestinal parasite species were found and no clinical signs were observed. No seasonal trends could be distinguished. In many cases, when an age group on a farm was positive for a certain parasite, it remained so during the whole study. This indicates that this parasite was really ‘endemic’ on that farm. The results of this study demonstrate that the prevalence of helminth infections of pigs on farms with outdoor facilities is higher than in pigs on conventional farms.     

苦楝子对钉螺糖原和总蛋白含量的影响

对不同浓度的苦楝子对钉螺糖原和总蛋白含量的影响进行了研究。结果显示,大于0.85 g/L苦楝子能够显著降低钉螺体内的糖原含量,减少幅度为10.78%～69.94%;苦楝子也可在一定程度上降低钉螺体内的蛋白质含量约4.65%～13.21%,但不及前者显著。试验表明,植物苦楝子杀灭钉螺作用可能主要与降低钉螺组织细胞中能量代谢有关。