南京地区犬尿石症流行病学调查

通过南京地区多家大型宠物医院146例犬尿石症流行病学调查,采用化学方法对尿石主要成分进行分析,了解南京地区犬尿石症流行病学特点。结果表明,146例尿石标本中,鸟粪石(磷酸铵镁)成分占52.55%(76/146),尿酸及尿酸盐占17.81%(26/146),磷酸钙占2.74%(4/146),草酸钙占23.29%(34/146),复合型结石占4.11%(6/146)。患尿石症犬的性别倾向、发病部位、平均年龄和饮食习惯对结石的成分及发生部位都有一定的关系。     

贵宾犬膀胱结石并发纤维肉瘤的综合诊治

<正>犬膀胱结石属于犬尿石症的一种,是犬泌尿系统常见的疾病之一,与犬肾脏结石、输尿管结石、尿道结石统称为尿石症,其主要临床症状为尿频、尿血、尿急、排尿时努责或排尿困难、滴状尿甚至尿闭等,老年犬多发,其他年龄段的犬也有发生。根据X射线对结石的透射性可分为可透X射线结石(阴性结石)和不可透X射线结石(阳性结石)两种,阳性结石较常     

犬尿石症的病因调查及结构成分的分析

本试验旨在应用尿沉渣镜检、扫描电镜观察、X-射线能谱分析和傅立叶变换红外光谱分析等方法研究结石成分及特点,并结合饲养管理进行致石原因分析。本试验选取39例经手术获得的尿结石样本,其中1例为肾结石,33例为膀胱结石,2例为尿道结石,3例为膀胱与尿道结石。检查显示,临床采集的39例尿石样品:草酸钙结石4例(约占10.3%),尿酸盐结石9例(约占23.1%),磷酸铵镁与磷酸钙混合结石26例(约占66.6%)。并对3种结石的形态学、能谱及红外光谱特点进行观察,分析发病与其生活饮食的关系。为临床犬结石的诊断、治疗和预防提供理论依据。     

南京地区犬尿石症的调查及尿结石成分的分析

对南京地区5家具有代表性的动物医院中近2年犬尿石症临床病例进行了系统调查,并应用傅立叶红外光谱、扫描电镜结合X-射线能谱对84个自然病例的尿石样品的成分作了分析。结果表明:(1):南京地区犬尿石症的发病率为0.58%~1.31%,其中雄性占54.02%,雌性占45.98%。(2)南京地区犬尿结石有4种类型,即磷酸铵镁(鸟粪石)、草酸钙、尿酸盐和磷酸钙。描述了各种结石的显微结构特征,并讨论了犬尿石症的发病原因。     

乌鲁木齐犬尿石症调查及化学成分分析

为了调查乌鲁木齐市犬尿结石的发病情况,分析发病原因,制定合理的防治措施,于2015年9月~2016年9月期间对乌鲁木齐市4家动物门诊接诊的54例犬结石病例进行分析,膀胱和尿道结石占70.3%(38/54)、膀胱结石占27%(15/54)、肾结石占2.7%(1/54)。通过对手术后所取出的结石进行化验分析,结果显示尿酸盐的混合结石占59.3%(32/54),磷酸铵镁结石占35.2%(19/54),钙结石占5.5%(3/54)。说明在乌鲁木齐尿酸盐混合结石和磷酸铵镁结石为主要结石类型,发病与犬的性别、饮食习惯有较大关系,通过合理的控制饮食、加强营养调控具有一定的预防作用。     

犬泌尿系结石X射线与B超对比诊断研究

犬泌尿系结石是犬常见泌尿系统疾病,包括肾脏结石、输尿管结石、膀胱结石与尿道结石,其中以膀胱结石与尿道结石最常见,以输尿管结石最少见。结石病例的准确诊断是手术治疗的前提。本研究应用X线与B超相结合的诊断方法对江苏畜牧兽医职业技术学院宠物医院于2008年5月份—2010年5月份所接诊的89例泌尿系结石患犬病例进行对比诊断,分析X射线和B超检查技术的准确率及优点、缺点,以便合理联合使用,从而提高临床诊断率,供同行     

一例犬膀胱结石的诊治

尿石症是泌尿系统各部位结石的总称,按其结石所在部位分为上尿路结石(肾结石和输尿管结石)和下尿路结石(膀胱结石和尿道结石).对于犬的膀胱结石,临床上常采取外科手术的方法.现将中西医结合治疗犬膀胱结石报告如下:     

犬尿石症的成因

犬尿石症是指尿路中的无机盐或有机盐类结晶的凝结物，即结石、积石或多量结晶刺激尿路粘膜而引起出血、炎症或阻塞的一种泌尿器官疾病。根据结石发生的部位，尿石症可分为尿道结石、膀胱结石、输尿管结石和肾结石；根据结石的矿物质组成成分，可分为尿酸铵和其他嘌呤结石、草酸铵结石、磷酸钙结石、胱氨酸结石、乌粪石结石、硅石结石和复合型结石。临床上尿石症以食欲不振或废绝、排尿困难、尿淋漓、少尿、血尿、呕吐、口腔粘膜溃疡为特征，重症犬体温下降、尿闭，某些犬出现行走困难、后肢瘫痪的体征。尿石症发病率占犬泌尿系统疾病的0．4％～2．0％，近年有逐渐增高的趋势。     

犬膀胱及尿道结石症的诊疗

犬尿石症是指尿路中形成的盐类结晶物(即结石)刺激尿路黏膜而引起炎症、出血,严重时会发生尿道阻塞的一种泌尿系统疾病。根据结石部位的不同,大体可分为肾结石、膀胱结石、尿道结石,临床上以膀胱结石和尿道结石较为常见。本文介绍一例京巴犬的严重膀胱及尿道结石症的病例,经手术疗法最终治愈。     

犬尿石症的诊治

<正>犬尿石症是指在尿路中形成的盐类结晶凝结物,刺激尿路黏膜而引起出血、炎症和阻塞的一种泌尿系统疾病。根据结石位置不同,犬尿石症可分为肾盂结石、输尿管结石、膀胱结石和尿道结石等。笔者对余姚地区患犬尿石症的流行病学、诊断和治疗     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

獭兔睾丸的组织学观察

家兔作为一种实验动物 ,推动了繁殖技术的发展。本试验通过对不同年龄公獭兔的睾丸进行组织学观察、测定 ,研究精子的发生规律 ,为系统地进行繁殖生理工作提供依据。1　材料与方法选 60日龄、75日龄、90日龄 3个年龄公獭兔各5只 ,用外科手术法摘取两侧睾丸 ,放入 Bouin氏液中固定 ,二甲苯透明 ,石蜡包埋 ,切成 5～ 8μm切片 ,H.E.染色。在显微镜下观察 ,并进行定量组织学指标测定及差异性比较。2　结果和讨论2 .1　睾丸定量组织学指标的测定结果　见表 1。表 1　獭兔睾丸定量组织学指标　　　μm,个 /精细管60日龄 75日龄 90日龄曲细精管…     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.