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中国是畜牧业大国,饲料资源需求大,但供应不足等问题严峻,非常规饲料资源对黄羽肉鸡行业的健康可持续发展具有重要意义。文章综述了近年来非常规饲料资源对黄羽肉鸡生长性能和肉品质影响的研究进展,包括米糠、饲料米、木薯、木薯渣等非常规能量饲料原料;棉籽粕、菜籽粕、玉米酒精糟及其可溶物(DDGS)、花生饼粕等非常规蛋白饲料原料和桑叶粉、辣木叶粉、杏鲍菇菌渣、发酵味精废弃物、柚皮粉等其他非常规饲料资源。介绍了非常规饲料原料含有的毒素与其他抗营养因子,分析了非常规能量、蛋白饲料原料分别与常规饲料原料玉米、豆粕相比时营养特性、成分含量的优势与不足,并分别给出了非常规饲料原料的适宜添加量、添加时间及时长,最后总结了目前在非常规饲料资源利用中还存在的一些问题,提出了一些解决办法和下一步的研究方向,以期为非常规饲料资源在黄羽肉鸡实际生产中的应用提供理论和技术支撑,进一步促进黄羽肉鸡产业健康、可持续发展。 相似文献
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黄羽肉鸡对矿物元素需要量大都沿用肉用仔鸡的需要量,而我国沿海大量养殖黄羽肉鸡的地区出现的跛脚及弯趾现象越来越多,这可能与矿物元素、维生素以及钙、磷添加量不符合黄羽肉鸡需要量有关。为了掌握黄羽肉鸡不同生长阶段的矿物元素日粮需要量和饲料添加需要量,以及分析不同矿物元素组成与跛脚及弯趾的相互关系,特设计本试验。1 试验方法11 试验动物 1日龄“江村黄鸡”健康母雏3000只。12 试验设计 本试验以10种不同的矿物元素预混料进行研究,矿物元素预混料包含铁、铜、锌、锰、碘、硒、钴7种元素。在基础日粮(处理Ⅰ)的基础上提高铁… 相似文献
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中国是畜牧业大国,饲料资源需求大,但供应不足等问题严峻,非常规饲料资源对黄羽肉鸡行业的健康可持续发展具有重要意义。文章综述了近年来非常规饲料资源对黄羽肉鸡生长性能和肉品质影响的研究进展,包括米糠、饲料米、木薯、木薯渣等非常规能量饲料原料;棉籽粕、菜籽粕、玉米酒精糟及其可溶物(DDGS)、花生饼粕等非常规蛋白饲料原料和桑叶粉、辣木叶粉、杏鲍菇菌渣、发酵味精废弃物、柚皮粉等其他非常规饲料资源。介绍了非常规饲料原料含有的毒素与其他抗营养因子,分析了非常规能量、蛋白饲料原料分别与常规饲料原料玉米、豆粕相比时营养特性、成分含量的优势与不足,并分别给出了非常规饲料原料的适宜添加量、添加时间及时长,最后总结了目前在非常规饲料资源利用中还存在的一些问题,提出了一些解决办法和下一步的研究方向,以期为非常规饲料资源在黄羽肉鸡实际生产中的应用提供理论和技术支撑,进一步促进黄羽肉鸡产业健康、可持续发展。 相似文献
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为探讨在散养条件下黄羽肉鸡CAPN1、H-FABP基因与其生长发育和肌内脂肪(IMF)含量的关系,试验以130羽3周龄体重接近,健康商品代黄羽肉鸡母鸡为试验材料,随机分为笼养组(对照组)和散养组(试验组),采集在不同周龄(3、4、6、8、10、13 w)的胸肌、腿肌和腹脂组织样品共360份,采用实时荧光定量PCR法对不同生长阶段组织中CAPN1和H-FABP基因mRNA表达量进行检测,同时采用索氏抽提法测定胸肌和腿肌的IMF含量。结果表明:黄羽肉鸡的CAPN1、H-FABP基因在胸肌、腿肌和腹脂中均有不同程度的表达。随着周龄的增加,散养肉鸡CAPN1基因表达的整体变化趋势为增加—减少—增加—减少,且3~6 w其在胸肌和腹脂中的表达量均表现为笼养显著高于散养(P<0.05)。H-FABP基因的整体表达趋势随着周龄的增加而降低,在胸肌和腿肌中变化趋势相同,且均表现为散养显著高于笼养(P<0.05),在腹脂中表现为笼养高于散养(P>0.05)。与散养鸡相比,笼养鸡生长速度较快,腹脂率、IMF含量较高。本试验结果可为散养黄羽肉鸡CAPN1和H-FABP基因分子选育提供一定参考。 相似文献
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This article reviews recent nutritional approaches for counteracting the development of pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS; ascites) in broiler chickens especially when they are reared at high altitudes. High altitudes impose the sustained stress of hypobaric hypoxia, which reduces the availability of atmospheric oxygen to red blood cells passing through the lungs, thereby causing systemic arterial hypoxaemia (undersaturation of haemoglobin with oxygen), pulmonary arterial hypertension and PHS/ascites in susceptible broilers. Proper nutritional strategies are needed to reduce metabolic activity and prevent the development of ascites especially when modern broilers are reared in regions where the existing altitudes limit the availability of atmospheric oxygen. This article also addresses controversies with regard to broiler nutrition in relation to PHS. For example, the catabolism of protein from feed ingredients incurs increased oxygen consumption, suggesting that feeding reduced‐protein diets to broiler chickens may result in reduced PHS incidences. However, experimental and field data indicate that feeding reduced‐protein diets to broilers subjected to hypobaric hypoxia increases the development of PHS. Controversies on the nutrition of unsaturated fat in relation to PHS are also discussed. In conclusion, hypoxia, acidosis, vasoconstriction and enhanced metabolic rate are triggers of PHS. Feeding reduced‐protein diets might promote the susceptibility of broilers to PHS by decreased dietary intake of arginine, decreased uric acid production and increased lipogenesis. Feeding high‐protein diets, dietary arginine supplementation, partial substitution of sodium bicarbonate for sodium chloride, feeding low‐fat diets and effective feed restriction programmes can be considered as nutritional approaches to prevent PHS. 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2007,16(1):150-159
The potential exists for vitamins and feed enzymes to counteract some metabolic disorders and challenges in poultry. Recent research indicates that increased levels of vitamins E and C are able to reduce ascites-related mortality in broiler chickens. Fatty liver and kidney syndrome is a nutritionally induced metabolic disorder that has been eliminated under practical production conditions due to regular supplementation of poultry diets with biotin. There is also experimental evidence for beneficial effects of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol on the incidence and severity of skeletal and performance anomalies in broilers. Another challenge is the presence of high levels of indigestible and partly soluble nonstarch polysaccharides in many cereals and other plant feed ingredients, resulting in various antinutritive effects. The use of feed enzymes, in particular endo-1,3-1,4-β-glucanase and endo-1,4-β-xylanase, to counteract these adverse effects is well implemented by the feed industry. A typical example of metabolic challenge is the reduced availability of phytate P in plant feed ingredients and the potential for phytate to act as an antinutritional component. Microbial phytase provides a practical solution for improving P availability in plant ingredients. In addition, recent studies suggest phytate can stimulate endogenous losses, and phytase can help prevent those losses. 相似文献
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王金含 《畜牧兽医科学(电子版)》2021,(4):46-47
肉鸡出栏体重与1周末体重呈正相关,出栏体重又与养殖效益有直接关系,而决定一周末体重的主要因素是入舍后的早期管理,尤其前3 d的管理对于肉鸡一生都至关重要。在肉鸡早期管理中需要重点关注环境条件的温度、湿度和空气质量,然后加强水线和采食管理,促使雏鸡尽快采食和饮水,为1周末达到理想的体重奠定基础。同时做好预防疾病工作,提高雏鸡体质和抗病能力,降低雏鸡死亡率,进而达到提高肉鸡养殖效益的目的。 相似文献
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【目的】通过研究饲粮苏氨酸水平对22~42日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能、胴体品质和免疫功能的影响,确定其苏氨酸需要量。【方法】试验选用22日龄快大型岭南黄羽肉鸡1 600只,根据体重相同的原则分为5个组,每组8个重复,每个重复40只肉鸡(公母各半)。采用玉米-花生粕型基础饲粮,5个处理组试验鸡分别饲喂含0.60%(基础饲粮)、0.67%、0.74%、0.81%和0.88%苏氨酸饲粮,试验期为21 d。试验结束后,每个重复选取2只鸡屠宰采样,测定屠宰性能、免疫器官指数和血清生化指标。【结果】饲粮苏氨酸水平显著影响黄羽肉公鸡、母鸡的体重、平均日增重和料重比(P<0.05)。对于母鸡,0.88%苏氨酸水平组平均日增重最高;0.81%苏氨酸水平组平均日采食量最高。对于公鸡,0.81%苏氨酸水平组平均日增重最高;0.81%苏氨酸水平组平均日采食量最高。饲粮苏氨酸水平与黄羽肉公鸡平均日增重、平均日采食量以及公、母鸡料重比呈显著的二次线性相关(P<0.05);根据平均日增重和平均日采食量回归方程得出黄羽肉公鸡饲粮苏氨酸最适水平分别为0.81%和0.83%;根据料重比回归方程得出黄羽肉母鸡和公鸡饲粮苏氨酸最适水平分别为0.83%和0.86%。饲粮苏氨酸水平对黄羽肉公鸡、母鸡的全净膛率、半净膛率、腿肌率、胸肌率均无显著影响(P>0.05);对黄羽肉公鸡全净膛率和腹脂率均有显著影响,其中0.81%苏氨酸组全净膛率显著高于0.60%和0.74%苏氨酸组,0.88%苏氨酸组腹脂率显著低于0.60%和0.67%苏氨酸组(P<0.05)。饲粮苏氨酸水平显著影响黄羽肉母鸡法氏囊指数和胸腺指数,其中0.60%苏氨酸组法氏囊指数显著低于0.81%苏氨酸组,0.81%和0.88%苏氨酸组胸腺指数显著高于0.60%苏氨酸组(P<0.05);对肝脏指数、脾脏指数无显著影响(P>0.05)。饲粮苏氨酸水平对黄羽肉母鸡血清中甘油三酯、胰岛素含量有显著影响,其中0.60%苏氨酸水平组血清中胰岛素含量最低,0.88%苏氨酸水平组血清中甘油三酯含量最低,显著低于0.60%苏氨酸组(P<0.05);苏氨酸水平对黄羽肉公鸡甘油三酯含量有显著影响,其中0.88%苏氨酸水平组血清中甘油三酯含量最低,显著低于0.60%和0.67%苏氨酸组(P<0.05)。【结论】饲粮中添加适量苏氨酸可以提高黄羽肉鸡生长性能、胴体品质,促进免疫器官发育。以生长性能为主要判定指标,确定22~42日龄黄羽肉母鸡饲粮最适苏氨酸水平为0.83%,黄羽肉公鸡最适苏氨酸水平为0.81%。 相似文献
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Rebel JM van Dam JT Zekarias B Balk FR Post J Flores Miñambres A ter Huurne AA 《British poultry science》2004,45(2):201-209
1. A study was conducted to investigate the effects of several vitamins and trace elements chickens and in chickens experimentally infected with malabsorption syndrome (MAS). 2. Vitamins and trace minerals in feed were varied. Breeders received either a basal amount of vitamins and trace minerals (low mix) or an increased amount (high mix). Their progeny also received either a low mix or a high mix. Effects of different breeder and broiler mix combinations on broiler performance, heamatology, spleen weight and humoral response were examined in control chickens. The effects of the different feeds and breeder, broiler combinations at the severity and recovery of MAS infection were also studied. 3. In general, the immune system can be stimulated by addition of vitamins and trace minerals, without affecting the growth potential of the controls. The number of leukocytes increased on d 1 in the broilers descended from breeders receiving high mix. The response to Newcastle disease virus boost was affected by the different amount of vitamins. 4. When breeders received a high mix the number of infiltrating polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the intestine was higher compared with breeders receiving basal amounts of minerals and vitamins. Also the recovery rate of intestinal lesions, cystic crypts of Lieberkühn and villus atrophy, as observed by histopathology, was faster in the groups where the breeders received high mix. 相似文献
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硼对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响及其在组织器官中富集的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
选择1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡210只 ,随机分为7组 ,每组3个重复 ,每个重复10只 ,分0~3周和4~6周两阶段饲养 ,在各组鸡饲粮中分别添加0、20、40、60、80、100、120mg/kg 含硼量的硼酸 (H3BO3),研究硼对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响及其在组织器官中的富集情况。试验结果显示 :(1)饲粮中添加硼可提高肉仔鸡的增重 ,降低料肉比 (P<0.05) ,以60mg/kg硼效果最好 ,并且在0~3周龄使用效果更佳。(2)添加硼可显著提高血液、胸肌、肝脏和胫骨中的硼含量 (P<0.05) ,且骨硼含量显著高于胸肌和肝脏硼含量 (P<0.05) ,肝脏硼含量高于胸肌硼含量 ;硼添加水平分别与血硼、肝硼、胸肌硼、胫骨硼之间呈极显著正相关 (P<0.01) ,血硼与肝硼、胸肌硼、胫骨硼含量之间亦呈极显著的正相关 (P<0.01)。 相似文献
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