人工饲养眼镜蛇腐烂性皮肤病的病原分离与鉴定

广西南宁某蛇场眼镜蛇暴发大规模的皮肤病,临床主要表现为传播迅速,皮肤腐烂,蜕皮不全。为了研究该病病因和制定有效的防控措施,对送检蛇进行细菌学检验。通过细菌分离培养、生化鉴定、细菌16SrRNA PCR扩增测序、药敏试验和致病性试验等,分离到3株细菌,分别为表皮葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和肠道沙门菌;23种抗菌药物只有氟苯尼考对3株菌都表现敏感,其他抗菌药物对3株分离菌表现不同的耐药或中介;3株分离菌对小鼠都具有致病性。根据药敏试验结果选用药物,氟苯尼考对治疗该病有很好的效果。本研究结果将对预防和治疗眼镜蛇皮肤病具有一定的参考价值。     

兔支气管败血波氏杆菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

山东枣庄某大型兔场送检死亡幼兔病例,经过病原菌的分离鉴定、PCR 检测、药物敏感性试验、敏感动物致病性分析及临床综合治疗等,成功分离到一株对小鼠有一定的致病性的兔败血性波氏杆菌,该菌株对氟苯尼考、多西环素、红霉素等高敏,临床上采取疫苗紧急防疫结合药物治疗的综合防治措施顺利控制了该病的发生。     

羊奇异变形杆菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

为查明宁夏地区某羊场羔羊腹泻的发病原因并选择敏感药物用于治疗,从患病羔羊粪便中分离出4株细菌,进行形态特征、培养特性、16S rRNA测序、VITEK微生物鉴定系统鉴定、致病性试验及药敏试验。结果显示,分离菌为奇异变形杆菌。动物试验表明,4株奇异变形杆菌对小鼠具有很强的致病性。药敏试验表明,4株奇异变形杆菌对氨基糖甙类抗生素(阿米卡星、卡那霉素、链霉素)、氟苯尼考及头孢菌素类抗生素敏感,而对大环内酯类(红霉素和克林霉素)、复方新诺明、恩诺沙星全部耐药。对青霉素类(哌拉西林、氨苄西林、阿莫西林)、喹诺酮类(环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星)、四环素、万古霉素、庆大霉素呈现不同程度的耐药。结果表明,该4株奇异变形杆菌具有较强的致病力和多重耐药性,可能是此次羔羊腹泻的致病菌,治疗首选氨基糖甙类、氟苯尼考及头孢菌素类抗生素。     

兔大肠杆菌的分离、鉴定及药敏试验

为了研究引起兔腹泻的病原种类、致病性以及耐药性情况,试验采用细菌分离培养、生化鉴定、16S rRNA序列测定、血清型鉴定及动物致病性试验等方法进行检测。结果表明:所分离到的细菌为大肠杆菌,血清型为O6型;对小白鼠有致病性;对羧苄青霉素、青霉素等5种药物为中度敏感,对氟苯尼考磺胺六甲、头孢噻肟等11种药物高度敏感。     

腹泻兔病原菌的分离鉴定及耐药性检测

为了确定娄底地区兔腹泻的病原菌、致病性及耐药性,对采集的203份患腹泻的兔肛拭子、粪便进行病原菌分离鉴定,结果分离得到了30株大肠埃希氏菌、20株铜绿假单胞菌、17株产气荚膜梭菌、15株金黄色葡萄球菌;人工接种小鼠试验、KB药敏纸片法分别检测病原菌的致病性及耐药性,结果表明分离得到20株大肠埃希氏菌、15株铜绿假单胞菌、12株产气荚膜梭菌、10株金黄色葡萄球菌对小鼠具有致病性;分离的15株致病性铜绿假单胞菌对阿莫西林、氨曲南、庆大霉素等7种药物耐药率在46.7%以上,分离的12株致病性产气荚膜梭菌对环丙沙星、磺胺嘧啶、氟苯尼考等8种药物耐药率在41.7%以上,分离的10株致病性金黄色葡萄球菌对磺胺嘧啶、氟苯尼考、庆大霉素等7种药物耐药率在80.0%以上,分离的20株大肠埃希氏菌对磺胺嘧啶、多黏菌素、强力霉素等7种药物耐药率在45.0%以上,4种病原菌对其他药物具有不同的耐药性。     

藏香猪源大肠埃希菌致病性和血清型检测及药敏试验

为了解四川省藏香猪源大肠埃希菌致病性、血清型及耐药性情况,从四川省藏香猪养殖场中无菌采集腹泻仔猪肝脏、肛拭子及粪便等组织病料253份中,分离得到155株大肠埃希菌。采用人工感染小鼠致病性试验、玻板凝集试验和KB药敏纸片法分别测定155株大肠埃希菌分离菌株的致病性、血清型及耐药性。结果显示,小鼠致病性试验表明155株分离菌中120株有致病性;玻板凝集试验表明120株致病性大肠埃希菌分离株属于14个血清型,以O111、O147、O109和O119为主要流行的优势血清型;耐药性试验表明120株致病性大肠埃希菌分离株对阿莫西林、氨苄西林、新霉素、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶4种药物耐药较严重,耐药率在94.2%~98.3%之间,对庆大霉素、氟苯尼考、多西环素等6种药物耐药率在44.2%~85.0%之间,对其他药物耐药率在15.0%~37.5%之间。说明该地区藏香猪源致病性大肠埃希菌血清型呈多样性分布,耐药性严重。     

秦皇岛地区貂源大肠杆菌(E. coli)的分离鉴定及药敏试验分析

为了确定秦皇岛地区貂源大肠杆菌(E. coli)流行情况及耐药性。本试验从秦皇岛地区不同水貂养殖场采集腹泻水貂的肠内容物及粪便57份,通过细菌的分离培养,形态学观察、生化鉴定等方法,分离鉴定出42株E.coli。致病性试验表明,34株为致病性E.coli。药敏试验结果表明,该菌仅对头孢克肟、头孢曲松、氟苯尼考等4种药物高度敏感;该菌具有很强的耐药性,耐药率达到40.4%～100%;该菌存在多重耐药现象,最高耐15种药物,且均耐8种药物以上。本研究为该地区水貂大肠杆菌病防治提供研究基础。     

匙吻鲟致病性豚鼠气单胞菌的分离鉴定和致病性研究

为了确定匙吻鲟发病的原因,从患病匙吻鲟的表皮组织中分离病原菌,对其进行形态学观察、生理生化试验和16S r DNA基因的扩增并经序列分析构建系统发育树,同时测定该菌株的致病能力和对药物的敏感性,结果表明,该菌株为豚鼠气单胞菌(Aeromonas caviae)。人工感染试验结果显示,分离菌株对匙吻鲟具有很强的致病性,并同时对禾花鲤和罗非鱼也有较强的致病性。药物敏感结果显示,分离菌株对磺胺二甲嘧啶、多黏菌素B、氟苯尼考等5种药物完全耐药,对左氧沙星、链霉素、恩若沙星等10种药物的敏感性较强。     

杨凌某牛场犊牛腹泻病细菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

为了确定引起杨凌地区某肉牛场发生犊牛腹泻的病原菌种类和药物的敏感性,采集腹泻犊牛粪便数份,对其进行细菌学分离鉴定、致病性试验和药物敏感性试验分析。结果表明:分离到革兰氏阴性(G-)杆菌3株,其中沙门氏菌1株、致病性大肠埃希氏菌1株、铜绿假单胞菌1株;动物致病性试验表明所分离到的沙门氏菌和大肠埃希氏菌对小白鼠均有较强致病性,对先锋噻肟、先锋必、菌必治、阿米卡星等抗生素敏感。可见,沙门氏菌和大肠埃希氏菌为该牛场发生犊牛腹泻的主要致病菌,药物敏感试验结果对该养殖场犊牛腹泻提供了诊断和治疗依据。     

致仔猪腹泻沙门菌分离鉴定与耐药性分析

为了鉴定致仔猪腹泻沙门菌并分析耐药性。从中牟地区规模化的养殖场采集患腹泻仔猪粪便、肠内容物等样品120份,通过分离鉴定的方法鉴定出57株沙门菌。人工感染小鼠致病试验结果表明,32株为致病性沙门菌。采用K-B药敏纸片法对32株致病性沙门菌进行药敏试验并分析耐药性,结果显示,32株致病性沙门菌对头孢曲松、头孢他啶、环丙沙星等4种药物耐药性在25. 0%～37. 5%之间;对氟苯尼考、阿米卡星、强力霉素等7种药物耐药性在40. 6%～78. 1%之间;对大观霉素、新霉素、阿莫西林等5种药物耐药性在87. 5%～100%之间。结果表明,从腹泻仔猪体内分离到32株致病性沙门菌对常用的抗生素具有很强的耐药性。     

基于DHI平台开展奶牛乳房炎诊断及治疗效果的研究

为评估DHI中的体细胞值对奶牛乳房炎的预警作用,以湖南省DHI中心对宁乡某规模化奶牛场2019年3-4月份DHI数据为基础,结合乳房炎快速检测液,筛选临床或隐性乳房炎奶牛,确定为药物治疗效果试验组。采集筛选牛群奶样,进行细菌分离培养、鉴定,结合药敏实验开展针对性治疗,观察治疗效果。结果发现:从试验组奶样中均分离出各种乳房炎致病菌,其中主要是大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌;经敏感药物治疗后,患牛乳中体细胞数(SCC)下降极显著(P<0.01)。结论:体细胞数(SCC)作为DHI检测的一项重要指标,对奶牛乳房炎起到第一预警作用;DHI报告同时针对出现的问题提出相应的改进措施,以期使DHI成为牛场发现管理问题、增加养殖效益的有效工具,切实服务于奶牛场的实际生产。     

进境奶牛隔离检疫期间出血性肠炎的诊疗

2008年12月,我国某国际贸易公司从澳大利亚通过空运进口一批奶牛,在国内隔离检疫初期,数10头奶牛发生腹泻,其中最严重的20多头为出血性腹泻。根据临床症状、病理剖检,结合流行病学调查及病因分析,诊断为急性出血性结肠炎。经采取综合防治措施后,病情得到有效控制,牛群恢复健康。     

Investigation of Clinical Medicine for Treating Cows Endometritis in Baotou Area

In 4 dairy farms located in Baotou area, clinical medicine investigation and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria were conducted, and then curative effects of different treatment methods were analyzed.Epidemic materials were collected from diary cows infected by endometritis, from which pathogenic bacteria were isolated using conventional microbiology technologies.Broth microdilution method was used to detect the sensitivity and resistance of pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics commonly used in clinic.On this basis, the sensitive drugs were used to treat mastitis or endometritis, the clinical curative effect of traditional treatment group was compared with that of therapeutic test group.The result of traditional treatment group showed 13 antibiotics were used to treat 160 cases of endometritis, florfenicol was most effective, penicillin was most ineffective.The results of therapeutic test group showed that Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus were the main pathogenic bacteria of endometritis, which were sensitive to gentamicin and cefalotin, etc.The results of statistical analysis showed that the curative effect of therapeutic test group was extremely significantly different from that of traditional treatment group(P<0.01).Sensitive drugs screened by drug sensitive test could be used to target therapy, and obtain satisfied curative effect.Moreover, this approach could avoid antibiotic abuse.     

包头地区治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎临床用药情况调查

通过对包头地区4个奶牛场开展奶牛子宫内膜炎临床用药调查研究和病原菌的耐药性分析,分析不同诊疗方法的治疗效果。采用常规微生物学技术分离了包头地区子宫内膜炎患牛的病原菌,采用微量肉汤稀释法测定了病原菌对临床上常用抗菌药物的敏感性和耐药性,在此基础上选用敏感性高的药物进行治疗试验,比较传统治疗组与治疗试验组两者的临床疗效。传统治疗结果显示,使用13种抗菌药物治疗160例子宫内膜炎病例,其中糜宫速康(氟苯尼考)最有效,青霉素类效果最差。治疗试验结果显示,金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、链球菌等是引起子宫内膜炎的主要病原,且分离菌株对庆大霉素、头孢噻吩等抗菌药物敏感。统计分析结果显示,治疗试验组与传统治疗组疗效差异极显著(P<0.01)。采用药敏试验筛选的敏感药物进行针对性治疗,能获得满意的治疗效果,且该方法可避免药物滥用。     

奶牛场病毒性腹泻清除计划的实施

对北京某牛场977头牛采用抗原捕获ELISA方法进行牛病毒性腹泻病毒持续感染牛的筛查,共检出8头阳性牛,其中后备牛7头、成母牛1头。在后续新生犊牛检测中检出1头阳性犊牛。后备持续感染牛表现不同程度的发育迟缓,配种延迟,与国外报道一致。以抗原检测为手段的持续感染牛的清除计划,可用于奶牛场病毒性腹泻的清除与控制。     

重组溶葡萄球菌酶对奶牛子宫内膜炎的疗效研究

为研究重组溶葡萄球菌酶对奶牛子宫内膜炎的疗效,以青霉素钠、土霉素为对照药物,子宫内灌注给药,分别在河北、内蒙古、广州、上海奶牛场试验,共治疗急、慢性子宫内膜炎病例359头,抽检249头奶牛子宫分泌物进行细菌学分离鉴定与统计分析。结果表明,大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌、化脓棒状杆菌是4种检出率较高的病原菌。重组溶葡萄球菌酶治疗组与土霉素、青霉素钠比较,按400、800、1200U／次的三个浓度剂量治疗,隔日投药1次,连续用药3次,800、1200U／次的浓度剂量显效率超过80％,显著优于青霉素钠的疗效（P〈0．01）,与土霉素注射液组相当。追加用药次数可进一步提高奶牛子宫内膜炎的痊愈率。重组溶葡萄球菌酶能有效治疗由金黄色葡菌球菌、链球菌、化脓棒状杆菌等革兰氏阳性菌感染的子宫内膜炎,治愈后受孕率在70％左右。尤其是对抗生素治疗无效的慢性子宫内膜炎同样具有很好的疗效。因此,用重组溶葡萄球菌酶治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎安全、高效。     

Unusual history and initial clinical signs of Mycoplasma bovis mastitis and arthritis in first-lactation cows in a closed commercial dairy herd

CASE DESCRIPTION: 9 first-lactation dairy cows in a closed dairy herd had swelling in the forelimbs and forelimb lameness. Mycoplasmal arthritis and mastitis were diagnosed. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Swelling of the carpal joint, diffuse subcutaneous edema from the carpal to metacarpophalangeal joints, and forelimb lameness were evident in 9 first-lactation cows 7 to 21 days after parturition. Diagnostic testing revealed that 3 of 3 bulk-tank milk samples, 3 milk samples from cows with clinical mastitis, 2 fluid samples obtained from arthritic joints, and samples from the lungs and spleen of a cow that had died yielded positive results for Mycoplasma spp. Nucleic acid sequence analysis performed by use of a PCR assay on the joint fluid and lung tissues confirmed infection with Mycoplasma bovis. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: Affected cows were treated by IM administration of flunixin meglumine and dexamethasone for 3 days. All cows were nonresponsive to treatment (3 cows died, and the other 6 were culled). Follow-up culture for Mycoplasma spp of milk samples from the bulk tank and from all lactating cows was recommended to screen for chronic subclinical carriers. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Mycoplasmal infections may cause unusual initial clinical signs or an atypical history. When dairy cattle, including those residing in closed herds, have lameness, swelling of the carpal or metacarpophalangeal joints, edema of the distal portions of the forelimbs, or polyarthritis, infection with Mycoplasma spp should be investigated. Delay in diagnosis of mycoplasmal infections in dairy herds can result in substantial financial loss and the establishment of chronic subclinical carriers.     

Liver abscesses in Holstein dairy cattle: 18 cases (1992-2003)

BACKGROUND: The characteristic clinical manifestations, clinicopathologic findings, treatment, and outcome of dairy cattle with liver abscess are poorly defined. ANIMALS: The study included 18 Holstein cows with liver abscesses. METHODS: A retrospective study of medical records was performed. Cattle with liver abscess were identified by ultrasound examination or exploratory laparotomy. RESULTS: The most common reason for examination was anorexia (14/18). Five cows had fever, 5 were bradycardic, and 5 were tachycardic. Peritonitis (n=6) and vagal indigestion (n=4) were the most frequently associated diseases. Neutrophilia (n=14), hyperfibrinogenemia (n=11), and high serum globulin concentration (n=10) were characteristic of chronic inflammation. Evidence of liver disease on serum biochemistry profile was uncommon. The most common bacterium isolated from the abscess was Arcanobacterium pyogenes (n=4). Anaerobic bacteria were isolated frequently (n=7). There were 6 polymicrobial isolates, with both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, out of 8 positive samples. Medical treatment was successful in 5 of 7 cattle. Five cows were euthanized and postmortem examination revealed 2 cattle with thrombosis of caudal vena cava. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Holstein dairy cattle affected by liver abscess exhibit no pathognomonic clinical signs. Clinicopathologic findings were often consistent with a chronic active inflammation. Liver abscesses should be included in the differential diagnosis in cattle with a chronic inflammatory process, cranial peritonitis, or vagal indigestion. Prolonged treatment with antimicrobials might be successful.     

牛病毒性腹泻的发病机理与治疗研究

牛病毒性腹泻牛养殖中是十分常见的,牛病毒性腹泻不仅会造成母牛流产,而且对奶牛的产奶量也能构成影响,从而直接造成养牛业的损失,因此对该病的诊断和治疗均极为重要。基于此,本文对牛病毒性腹泻的发病机理与治疗进行了详细探讨,以供相关研究人员参考。     

Salmonella Muenster infection in a dairy herd

The overall purpose of this study was to provide information on animal and occupational health associated with the infection of a diary herd with Salmonella Muenster that would be useful in the management of dairy herds so infected. This retrospective, longitudinal report records a 2-year infection of a 140-cow dairy herd with S. Muenster, which was likely introduced by additions to the herd. Six cows aborted or had diarrhea due to salmonellosis in the last trimester of pregnancy. Additions to the herd and the presence of animals that had not received an Escherichia coli bacterin-toxoid were risk factors for salmonellosis. One neonate died, and 24 of 36 calves born between November 1998 and May 1999 had diarrhea by 1 mo of age. Initially, over 60% of the cows were fecal positive; within 6 months, all cows but I had become infected. The intermittent shedding of the organism and the eventual zero prevalence highlight the inappropriateness of extensive culling as an eradication strategy. Cultures of the bulk-tank milk filters were more sensitive than cultures of the bulk-tank milk samples at detecting S. Muenster. Two months after the index case, S. Muenster was cultured from the milk of 7.8% of the cows. Positive fecal or milk cultures were not associated with impaired health or production. The herd's milk was a zoonotic risk, but contact with infected animals was not. The organism spread easily between operations, likely via manure-contaminated clothing and footwear.