黑熊蛔虫线粒体cox1基因序列进化分析研究

本研究主要针对采自长沙生态动物园和长沙市天心区希有动物驯养中心的4个黑熊蛔虫样本进行线粒体DNA中细胞色素Ⅰ(cox1)基因序列通过PCR方法扩增,利用DNA分析软件DNASTar 5.0将测得的序列分别与GenBank中登录的蛔虫序列和本地其他野生动物蛔虫序列,进行比较分析。结果显示:来自长沙生态动物园和长沙市天心区希有动物驯养中心的蛔虫cox1基本一致,长度约为400~414 bp;与采自荷兰株登录号KC543477.1贝氏蛔虫同源性最高达96.3~97.5%;4个黑熊蛔虫样本与KC543477.1贝氏蛔虫在同一分枝上。结果表明:采自长沙生态动物和长沙市天心区希有动物驯养中心黑熊蛔虫与熊贝氏蛔虫同源性最大,为熊贝氏蛔虫;pcox1序列在本研究中表现种间差异大,种内相对保守,说明cox1基因可以作为熊贝氏蛔虫和狮弓蛔虫的分子分类学及种群遗传关系研究的分子遗传标记。     

东北虎源蛔虫线粒体cox1基因序列进化分析研究

为了解东北虎源蛔虫与其他蛔虫的种群遗传关系,本研究对湖南省长沙生态动物园东北虎粪便中采集的蛔虫成虫的线粒体DNA中细胞色素I(cox1)基因序列进行扩增,将测序结果与GenB ank中登录的其他蛔虫cox1序列进行对比及种系发育树分析。结果显示,来自长沙生态动物园7个东北虎蛔虫样品cox1序列长度基本一致,为413 bp~414 bp,与猫弓首蛔虫同源性最高,达98.4%以上,而且系统进化分析显示所有样品均与猫弓首蛔虫位于同一分支。该结果表明,pcox1序列种内相对保守,种间差异较大,因此可以作为猫科弓首蛔虫的种间遗传变异研究的分子遗传标记,从而为蛔虫的群体遗传研究奠定了基础。     

福建省新发猪圆环病毒3型流行病学调查及遗传变异分析

猪圆环病毒3型(PCV3)是新发现的一种猪圆环病毒,该病毒可以引起猪皮炎与肾病综合征(PDNS)、母猪繁殖障碍和全身多器官的炎症反应。为了解福建省PCV3流行株的现状、分子生物学特征和遗传演化规律,本研究采集福建地区规模化猪场120份临床表现繁殖障碍和呼吸道疾病的组织样品,采用PCR方法对其进行PCV3检测。结果显示福建省猪场PCV3的感染率为12.5%。对福建省5株PCV3全基因组进行序列分析,结果显示,5株PCV3间核苷酸同源性为98.2%~99.6%,与国内PCV3分离株的核苷酸同源性为97.6%~100%,与美国分离株(PCV3-US/MO2015、PCV3-US/MN2016、PCV3-US/SD2016、PCV3 2164和PCV3 29160)的核苷酸同源性为97.8%~99.3%,而与PCV2的核苷酸同源性为43.8%~44.1%,与我国蝙蝠圆环病毒的核苷酸同源性为49.2%~51.1%。PCV3系统进化树结果显示,福建省5株PCV3处于3大亚群,1株属于3a亚群,1株属于3b亚群,3株属于3c亚群。其氨基酸序列分析显示PCV3 Cap蛋白比较保守,仅存在个别位点的氨基酸突变。本研究为福建省PCV3的分子流行病学、疫苗研究和有效防控提供实验依据。     

鸡蛔虫凉山州分离株ITS和5.8SrDNA序列测定及种系发育分析

应用保守引物BD1和BD2对7个鸡蛔虫凉山州分离株的核糖体DNA内转录间隔区(ITS)及5.8S rDNA序列进行PCR扩增和序列测定,并用ITS-1、ITS-2序列重构鸡蛔虫与其他蛔虫的系统发育关系。测序结果显示所获得的鸡蛔虫ITS及5.8S rDNA序列大小为974~989 bp,同源性为98.9%~100.0%。其中ITS-1、5.8S rDNA和ITS-2片段大小分别为473~481、157和337~359 bp,同源性分别为98.5%~100.0%、100.0% 和98.5%~100.0%。系统发育树显示所有鸡蛔虫分离株聚在同一分支,能与其他蛔虫相区别。研究结果表明,鸡蛔虫的ITS-1、ITS-2序列种内变异小,但种间差异大,故可作为分子标记用于鸡蛔虫的虫种鉴定,为鸡蛔虫的分子分类、分子流行病学调查和种群遗传的进一步研究奠定基础。     

鸡蛔虫凉山州分离株ITS和5.8S rDNA序列测定及种系发育分析

应用保守引物BD1和BD2对7个鸡蛔虫凉山州分离株的核糖体DNA内转录间隔区(ITS)及5.8S rDNA序列进行PCR扩增和序列测定,并用ITS-1、ITS-2序列重构鸡蛔虫与其他蛔虫的系统发育关系。测序结果显示所获得的鸡蛔虫ITS及5.8S rDNA序列大小为974~989bp,同源性为98.9%~100.0%。其中ITS-1、5.8S rDNA和ITS-2片段大小分别为473~481、157和337~359bp,同源性分别为98.5%~100.0%、100.0%和98.5%~100.0%。系统发育树显示所有鸡蛔虫分离株聚在同一分支,能与其他蛔虫相区别。研究结果表明,鸡蛔虫的ITS-1、ITS-2序列种内变异小,但种间差异大,故可作为分子标记用于鸡蛔虫的虫种鉴定,为鸡蛔虫的分子分类、分子流行病学调查和种群遗传的进一步研究奠定基础。     

鹅蛔虫ITS rDNA的分子特征及种类分析

为探究从广东省清远的鹅体内采集的蛔虫(Ascaridia anseris)的种类,对临床采集的鹅蛔虫样品,在形态观察的基础上,用保守引物NC5和NC2扩增鹅蛔虫的ITS rDNA基因片段,将扩增产物经克隆测序后,获得大小为1 009bp的鹅蛔虫ITS rDNA基因序列(GenBank登录号为KC905082)。序列比对和系统进化分析表明,鹅蛔虫5.8SrRNA基因与GenBank收录的鸡蛔虫(登录号为AJ001508)同源性为96%,而与不同地理株的鸽蛔虫的同源性在91%~96%之间;禽蛔科的鸡蛔虫、鸽蛔虫和鹅蛔虫同一进化分支,鹅蛔虫、鸡蛔虫和鸽蛔虫处于各自的独立进化分支。上述证明,鹅蛔虫是不同于鸽蛔虫的一个独立有效种,在系统发生关系上与鸡蛔虫更亲近。     

福建省蛇源裂头蚴的分子鉴定及遗传分析

裂头蚴病是由于裂头蚴感染引起的一种人兽共患病,为了对福建省养殖蛇类的裂头蚴感染情况进行调查并鉴定虫种,对采自福建省三明市、漳州市和南平市等地蛇场的蛇类进行剖检,分离得到了裂头蚴,记录寄生部位和数量。提取裂头蚴虫体基因组,采用PCR对虫体ITS、NAD4和COX3基因进行了扩增。同时,将扩增得到的目的基因连接到pEASY-Blunt Simple载体上,转化Trans I-T1感受态细胞,培养得到单菌落,对菌落进行扩增测序。将测序结果与NCBI公布的裂头蚴ITS、NAD4和COX3基因序列进行比对分析,测定突变率和位点,并且进行样本之间的同源性分析和测定遗传距离。结果发现,三明市、漳州市和南平市某蛇场裂头蚴的感染率分别为75%、20%和0。分离到的裂头蚴ITS基因序列长为1 360 bp～1 380 bp,与NCBI中Spirometra erinaceieuropaei(FJ886747.1)的ITS基因同源性为95.70%～98.68%,样本之间平均遗传距离为0.001 6;分离到的裂头蚴NAD4基因序列长为356 bp～650 bp,与NCBI中Spirometra erinaceieuropaei(HM475076.1)的NAD4基因同源性为96.73%～100%,样本之间平均遗传距离为0.004 1;分离到的裂头蚴COX3基因序列总长为379 bp～408 bp,与NCBI中Spirometra erinaceieuropaei(HM475033.1)的COX3基因同源性为98.94%～100%,样本之间平均遗传距离为0.003 8。结果表明,此次分离得到的裂头蚴虫体的ITS基因、NAD4基因和COX3基因与欧猥迭宫绦虫裂头蚴同源性较近,证明此次分离的蛇源裂头蚴属于欧猥迭宫绦虫裂头蚴。同时,经过对各虫体间NAD4和COX3基因分析发现,不同地区的裂头蚴虫体在进化树上存在分支。     

犬弓首蛔虫西宁株线粒体基因ND1和ND4序列分析

为了解犬弓首蛔虫在国内外的进化特点,从位于青藏高原的青海省西宁市城区流浪犬及宠物犬粪便中获取虫体,针对不确定性因素影响,采用降落PCR并作出相应调整,扩增出西宁株ND1和ND4基因片段,经DNAstar软件包比对序列同源性和进化关系分析发现,犬弓首蛔虫西宁株线粒体基因ND1和ND4大小分别为360、400 bp。与在线BLAST检索收集的国内外6条弓首属不同种基因序列进行序列同源性和进化关系比对发现:ND1基因片段与我国广东犬分离株的序列同源性最高,为99.5%;与日本犬分离株的同源性最低,为82.6%,甚至低于伊朗的猫分离株(88%)。进化关系上,ND1基因与广东珠处于进化树的同一分支上,ND4基因仅与广东犬分离株高度同源(99.5%),而与其他序列的同源性都很低。两个基因的进化树分析结果与序列同源性分析结果基本一致。不同种的序列在进化上不在同一分支,表明种属和地域差异可影响犬弓首蛔虫的进化特点。本研究证实,西宁株犬弓首蛔虫属于我国大陆流行的遗传分支,并非独立株。这为进一步针对青藏高原区域犬弓首蛔虫的分子遗传学和分子诊断学研究奠定了基础,同时为公共卫生防治提供了依据。     

猪伪狂犬病病毒福建新分离株gB基因的变异研究

为探究2013年~2014年福建省新流行的猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)gB基因的遗传进化情况,根据Gen Bank已公布的PRV gB基因序列设计了2对特异性扩增引物,对4株新分离的PRV的gB基因进行克隆、测序及拼接,与国内外已发表的14个毒株进行同源性比对分析,并构建遗传进化树。结果表明:福建省新流行毒株gB基因序列全长2 742 bp,编码913个氨基酸,与其它参考毒株的核苷酸序列的同源性为98.3%~99.2%;在aa75~aa77处存在连续的3个氨基酸缺失;遗传进化树表明,4株新流行毒株与国外分离毒株同属一分群,分属两个分支,而与国内分离毒株亲缘关系较远。本研究为丰富福建省猪群PRV的分子流行病学和掌握PRV的分子遗传进化规律奠定基础。     

蛔虫抗原基因ALAg克隆及序列分析

为了确定蛔虫基因工程疫苗的候选基因,试验以蛔虫幼虫的RNA为模板,利用RT-PCR方法扩增出ALAg基因,扩增产物克隆到pMD18-T载体,筛选阳性克隆测序并进行Blast分析。结果表明:该基因与GenBank公布的猪蛔虫As37抗原基因(AB078971)的同源性为95%,与西式贝蛔虫Ag3抗原基因(EU927450)的同源性为92%。说明ALAg基因是线虫特有的抗原基因。     

Comparison of in vitro and in situ methods in evaluation of forage digestibility in ruminants

The objective of this study was to compare the application of different in vitro and in situ methods in empirical and mechanistic predictions of in vivo OM digestibility (OMD) and their associations to near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy spectra for a variety of forages. Apparent in vivo OMD of silages made from alfalfa (n = 2), corn (n = 9), corn stover (n = 2), grass (n = 11), whole crops of wheat and barley (n = 8) and red clover (n = 7), and fresh alfalfa (n = 1), grass hays (n = 5), and wheat straws (n = 5) had previously been determined in sheep. Concentrations of indigestible NDF (iNDF) in all forage samples were determined by a 288-h ruminal in situ incubation. Gas production of isolated forage NDF was measured by in vitro incubations for 72 h. In vitro pepsin-cellulase OM solubility (OMS) of the forages was determined by a 2-step gravimetric digestion method. Samples were also subjected to a 2-step determination of in vitro OMD based on buffered rumen fluid and pepsin. Further, rumen fluid digestible OM was determined from a single 96-h incubation at 38°C. Digestibility of OM from the in situ and the in vitro incubations was calculated according to published empirical equations, which were either forage specific or general (1 equation for all forages) within method. Indigestible NDF was also used in a mechanistic model to predict OMD. Predictions of OMD were evaluated by residual analysis using the GLM procedure in SAS. In vitro OMS in a general prediction equation of OMD did not display a significant forage-type effect on the residuals (observed - predicted OMD; P = 0.10). Predictions of OMD within forage types were consistent between iNDF and the 2-step in vitro method based on rumen fluid. Root mean square error of OMD was least (0.032) when the prediction was based on a general forage equation of OMS. However, regenerating a simple regression for iNDF by omitting alfalfa and wheat straw reduced the root mean square error of OMD to 0.025. Indigestible NDF in a general forage equation predicted OMD without any bias (P ≥ 0.16), and root mean square error of prediction was smallest among all methods when alfalfa and wheat straw samples were excluded. Our study suggests that compared with the in vitro laboratory methods, iNDF used in forage-specific equations will improve overall predictions of forage in vivo OMD. The in vitro and in situ methods performed equally well in calibrations of iNDF or OMD by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.     

大庆市羊东毕吸虫病流行病学调查

对大庆市羊东毕吸虫病的流行病学进行了调查研究。结果表明，大庆有3种东毕吸虫，即程氏东毕吸虫（O.cheni)、土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫（O.turkestanica)和土耳斯坦东毕吸虫结节变种（O.turkestanican var.thuberculata)；中间宿主螺类有1种，即卵萝卜螺；东毕吸虫病在大庆分布很广，所调查的4区2县均有发生，羊东毕吸虫平均感染率分别为50．33％，平均死亡率为21．12％，大庆羊急性病例发病时间为8月上旬至10月下旬，慢性病例为11月上旬至翌年2月中旬。     

中国圈养野生动物疫苗使用调查

2005年对中国动物园协会单位中的18家动物园饲养野生动物疫苗免疫情况进行调查。受调查动物园在野生动物疫苗使用和动物种类方面具有一定的代表性。调查结果显示动物园动物现共使用18类36种疫苗,预防31种疫病。其中哺乳动物使用14类24种疫苗,预防24种疫病;禽类使用4类12种疫苗,预防7种疫病。使用范围最广的有禽流感、犬瘟热疫苗等、新城疫疫苗、猫瘟热疫苗等。共有24目58科动物接种疫苗,其中食肉动物类1目8科,食草动物类3目9科,杂食动物类2目3科,禽类18目38科。研究结果提示应加强动物园之间疫病信息交流、防疫资源的利用、疫病监测和研究,加大对动物园动物疫病的研究投入,逐步建立动物园动物统一的防疫规程。     

Use of cyclocryotherapy in management of glaucoma in dogs

In 5 cases of glaucoma (2 from trauma, 2 from narrowed drainage angles, 1 secondary to lens extraction), cyclocryotherapy was used to control intraocular pressure. In all cases the intraocular pressure decreased, with the usual result being a cosmetic and painless but blind eye.     

Estimate of economic impact of fowl cholera in turkeys in Georgia in 1986

Information gathered from cases of fowl cholera (FC) in commercial turkey flocks through case records, flock records, and telephone and mail surveys was used to estimate disease costs. The cost to the Georgia commercial turkey industry in 1986 from preventive measures, treatment of outbreaks, and production losses from the disease was estimated at $634,545. The cost of FC per kg of live production was estimated to be $0.015.     

ELISA试验在防制猪伪狂犬病中的应用

猪伪狂犬病是由伪狂病病毒(Pseudorabies virus PRV)引起的急性传染病。其特征是成年猪常为隐性感染，可有流产、死胎、呼吸系统症状，新生仔猪除神经症状外还可侵害消化系统，并伴大批死亡。本病已经给全世界的养猪业造成严重的损失，我国许多地区已报道该病。为进一步探讨该病的控制、净化措施，我们对12个养猪场共856分血清采用美国嗍公司的ELISA试剂盒进行了抗体检测。     

Occurrence of MRSA in pigs and in humans involved in pig production--preliminary results of a study in the northwest of Germany

In 2007, 678 pigs of all age groups out of 347 different farms from Lower Saxony and Northrhine-Westphalia and 86 persons occupationally exposed to pigs were investigated for their nasal colonisation with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus areus (MRSA) by the Field Station for Epidemiology of the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover and the Robert Koch-Institute. At the individual animal level, a frequency of positive results of 13% (n = 85 positive animals) and at the herd level, a frequency of positive results of 18% (n = 62 positive herds) were found. All isolates were assigned to the Multilocus Sequence Typing Type ST398. Within MRSA-positive herds, there were more MRSA-negative than MRSA-positive animals. Among the occupationally exposed persons (veterinarians, laboratory personnel and meat inspection personnel), 20 persons (23%) showed a nasal colonisation with MRSA ST398. A quite strong association between the intensity of the contact to pigs with the frequency of nasal colonisation in the occupationally exposed persons was detected. None of the animals or the humans nasally colonised by MRSA ST398 showed any clinical symptoms of a staphylococcal infection. Conclusions are drawn on the herd and intra-herd prevalence of the nasal colonisation of pigs with MRSA ST398 in pigs, but especially on which questions need to be addressed by further research.     

2017年西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平检测

为了解西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平,2017年8月随机选择免疫过H5禽流感疫苗的8个规模养殖场、2个散养户、3个活禽交易市场,共13个群体,采集1 041份家禽血清样品进行H5、H7、H9亚型禽流感HI抗体检测。结果显示：H5亚型禽流感免疫抗体合格率为45.73%,H7、H9亚型抗体阳性率分别为21.13%、52.64%;养殖场、散养户和活禽交易市场的不同亚型抗体水平存在较大差异,规模化养殖场的H7亚型抗体阳性率最高（29.92%）,活禽市场的H5、H9亚型阳性率最高（78.16%、79.31%）,散养户的所有亚型抗体阳性率均最低。结果表明,拉萨市H5亚型禽流感疫苗免疫效果较差,特别是散养户,疫病发生风险较高,H7、H9亚型疑似自然感染率较高,应进一步查明原因,及时采取相应的措施,防止疫情发生。