安泰粉针剂治疗犊牛腹泻的临床试验

采用临床对比观察的方法,试验安泰粉针剂对83头犊牛腹泻的治疗效果.治疗组口服安泰粉针剂1.5万单位/kg体重,1次/d,连用3～5 d;对照组肌肉注射氟哌酸注射液4.0～8.0 mg/kg体重,2次/d,连用3～5 d,或口服氟哌酸片,10片/次,2～3次/d,连用3～5 d.安泰粉针剂对犊牛腹泻的治疗效果好于临床常用药物氟哌酸,但无统计学意义(P＞0.05).     

蜘蛛香胶囊对靶动物犬的安全性试验

为了评价蜘蛛香胶囊对靶动物犬的安全性,试验选择24只试验犬,随机分为3组,分别为1倍推荐剂量(50 mg/kg)组、3倍推荐剂量(150 mg/kg)组和5倍推荐剂量(250 mg/kg)组,每天口服给药2次,连续给药3 d。分别在给药前1天、给药后第1天、第3天、第5天采集血液,对犬的血常规和血液生化指标进行分析比较,并观察给药前后犬的临床症状变化。结果表明:试验期间各剂量组犬临床症状正常,给药后的血常规和血液生化指标与给药前相比无显著差异(P0.05)。说明蜘蛛香胶囊在5倍推荐剂量(250 mg/kg)范围内连续给药3 d,对靶动物犬的临床体征和血液生理生化指标无明显影响,该药临床应用安全。     

盐酸沃尼妙林预混剂对广东黄麻鸡的安全性评价

为了评价10%盐酸沃尼妙林预混剂对鸡的安全性,将雌雄各半的64只广东黄麻鸡随机分为4组,每组分别按体重以空白、1次单剂量(10 mg/kg)、1次3倍(30 mg/kg)和1次5倍(50 mg/kg)单剂量的10%盐酸沃尼妙林预混剂混饲给药,观察各组鸡临床表现、体重变化和饲料消耗,并于给药前1 d、给药结束后第7、14 d剖检鸡进行病理学检查、血液生理生化检测。结果显示:各组生长性能指标、血液生理指标及血清生化指标均差异不显著(P0.05),病理学检查结果无明显病理变化。提示:10%盐酸沃尼妙林预混剂对鸡安全。     

仔猪脱水的治疗方法

<正>1口服补液盐(电解质):脱水氯化钠食盐3.5g、碳酸氢钠2.5g、氯化钾1.5g、葡萄糖粉20g、注射用水1000mL给猪口服、5~10mL/kg·bw,每天可多次、也可自由饮水。注明:此药方在水中不能超过2h(超出2h药物失效)。(1)静脉滴注:脱水用葡萄糖氯化钠或复方氯化钠注射液30~40mL、VC注射液5~10mL、庆大霉素注射液混合静脉滴注,1次/d、连用2~3d。(2)腹腔补液:脱水5%葡萄糖注射液20mL、0.9%氯化钠注射液30mL、庆大霉素注射液5mL、VC注射液2mL、1次/d,连用2d。     

左旋咪唑增强鸡新城疫疫苗免疫效果的观察

本文报道了左旋咪唑对鸡新城疫病疫苗免疫效果的影响。进行了两个实验:每个实验分为10毫克/千克,左旋咪唑给药组和空白对照组。实验一观察对鸡ND疫苗初次免疫的影响:疫苗免疫前用药,5日龄时给药,连用3天,7日龄滴鼻给予ND—Lasota系疫苗;疫苗免疫后用药,7日龄时滴鼻给予ND—Lasota系活疫苗,13日龄时给药,连用3天。实验二观察对鸡ND疫苗二次免疫的影响:7日龄时饮水给予ND+IBD二联活疫苗,40日龄时给药,连用3天,42日龄时肌肉注射ND—Lasota系疫苗。实验一结果显示,免疫前用药,10mg/kg左旋咪唑用药组,首次免疫后7～21d,抗体滴度与未用药对照组比较无明显差别,但28d抗体滴度明显高于未用药对照组;免疫后用药,用药后21d,10mg/kg左旋咪唑用药组,抗体滴度明显高于空白对照组。实验二结果显示10mg/kg左旋咪唑用药组,疫苗二次免疫后7～28d,抗体滴度明显高于未用药对照组。     

黄芪多糖对犬免疫效果的影响

给犬口服黄芪提取液(含黄芪多糖),1 mL/kg体重,1次/d,连用4 d。分别进行血清中超氧化物岐化酶的测定和淋巴细胞转化试验,结果表明,黄芪多糖能极显著提高犬血清超氧化物岐化酶的活力和淋巴细胞转化率。     

氟尼辛葡甲胺对患呼吸道疾病奶牛的解热效果

为了研究氟尼辛葡甲胺对患呼吸道疾病奶牛的解热效果,试验选75头患呼吸道疾病泌乳期的奶牛并分为5个组,分别为高剂量组(氟尼辛葡甲胺4.4 mg/kg·bw土霉素20 mg/kg·bw)、中剂量组(推荐剂量,氟尼辛葡甲胺2.2 mg/kg·bw土霉素20 mg/kg·bw)、低剂量组(氟尼辛葡甲胺1.1 mg/kg·bw土霉素20 mg/kg·bw)、药物对照组(福乃达2.2 mg/kg·bw土霉素20 mg/kg·bw)和土霉素组(20 mg/kg·bw),每组15头奶牛。在给药前和最后一次给药后的第1、2、3、7天和14天分别记录奶牛的直肠温度、呼吸频率、食欲、呼吸困难以及咳嗽情况,并依据评分表进行打分。结果在最后一次给药后的第1、2、3、7天和14天,高剂量组、中剂量组和药物对照组之间,直肠温度无显著差异(P>0.05);在最后一次给药后的第14天,高剂量组与中剂量组均比土霉素组在降低动物直肠温度方面具有更显著的效果(P≤0.05)。最后1次给药后的第14天,高剂量组、中剂量组与土霉素组相比,临床症状得分降低更显著(P≤0.05);高剂量组、中剂量组、低剂量组与药物对照组相比,临床症状得分虽然无显著性差异(P>0.05),但是临床症状得分数值上,高剂量组、中剂量组均略低于药物对照组。在最后1次给药后的第14天,高剂量组、中剂量组、低剂量组、土霉素组和药物对照组对奶牛呼吸道疾病的治愈率分别为80.00%、73.33%、60.00%、53.33%和66.67%。结论:建议氟尼辛葡甲胺注射液临床上用于治疗呼吸道疾病引起的奶牛高热时,给药方式为静脉给氟尼辛葡甲胺注射液2.2 mg/kg·bw,每日1次,连用5 d,并单次肌肉注射土霉素注射液20 mg/kg·bw,连用5 d。     

中药苦芪超微粉增强免疫及治疗犬细小病毒感染的效果观察

为了探讨中药苦芪超微粉对机体免疫功能及犬细小病毒感染的治疗效果的影响,以小鼠为模型,将60只昆明小鼠随机均分为苦芪超微粉高、中、低剂量组(40,20,10 mL/kg)、药物对照组(黄芪多糖口服液,10 mL/kg)、模型组和空白对照组6个组,1～4组每天灌胃给药1次,模型组和空白对照组灌胃给予与药物对照组等剂量生理盐水;连续5 d后,1～5组腹腔注射环磷酰胺(40 mg/kg),空白对照组腹腔注射生理盐水(40 mg/kg),连续2 d,末次注射给药后,脱颈椎处死小鼠,测定胸腺指数、脾指数及脾淋巴细胞增殖率;进一步将49～55日龄自然感染的田园犬随机分成6组,分别为苦芪超微粉高、中、低剂量组,药物对照组,模型组,空白对照组,连续口服给药5 d,给药后观察7 d;统计各组有效率、死亡率和治愈率。结果显示:苦芪超微粉高、中、低剂量组均能显著增加免疫低下小鼠的胸腺指数和脾脏淋巴细胞的转化率(P0.05),高、中剂量组能显著增加脾指数(P0.05);高、中剂量组治疗犬细小病毒感染的有效率、治愈率最高。     

盐酸克仑特罗对小鼠心电图的影响

为研究盐酸克仑特罗对小鼠心电图(ECG)的影响,选用4周龄健康清洁级雄性昆明小鼠50只,体重18~22g,随机分为5组,每组10只,分别为对照组(生理盐水)、1组(0.1mg/kg b.w.)、2组(1mg/kg b.w.)、3组(2mg/kg b.w.)和4组(5mg/kg b.w.),各组小鼠均通过腹腔注射给药,1次/d,连续给药30d。末次给药后24h,监测小鼠的心电图(ECG)变化。结果表明:第2、3和4组小鼠心率加快,窦性心动过速,T波低平,与对照组相比差异均极显著(P0.01);J点下移,第2组与对照组相比差异显著(P0.05),第3组和第4组与对照组相比差异均极显著(P0.01)。盐酸克仑特罗导致小鼠ECG异常,且具有剂量依赖性。     

鸭瘟的综合防治

1、西药治疗:(1)高免血清疗法:每病鸭皮下注射高免血清1ml。(2)高免卵黄疗法:给病鸭皮下注射2ml高免卵黄,同时口服高免卵黄2ml。(3)给病鸭同群受威胁鸭子紧急接种1ml鸭瘟疫苗。(4)干扰素治疗:每只病鸭肌注1mg聚肌胞,1次/3日,连用3次。(5)板兰根注射液1～4ml、Vcl～3ml、地塞米松2ml,混合肌注,2次/日,连用3～5天。(6)     

Clearance of penicillin G in the newborn calf

Sodium penicillin G was administered intravenously (4545 IU/kg) to calves on the day of birth (12-24 h old) and at 5, 10, and 15 days of age. Serum was collected at varying intervals for 120 min after injection and analysed for penicillin G. The mean total body clearance (ClB) of penicillin G on the day of birth was 2.98 ml/min/kg compared to 4.83 ml/min/kg at 5 days, 3.11 ml/min/kg at 10 days and 4.65 ml/min/kg at 15 days of age. Clearances at 5 and 15 days were significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) higher than on the day of birth. The half-life (t1/2 beta), however, did not change significantly over the 15-day period of the study. These results indicate that the newborn calf has an appreciable ability to excrete penicillin G before it is 24 h old, and that total body clearance of the antibiotic increases rapidly in the immediate postnatal period.     

Efficacy and tolerability of once-daily cephalexin in canine superficial pyoderma: an open controlled study

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of oral cephalexin given at 30 mg/kg once daily in dogs with superficial pyoderma and to compare them with those of oral cephalexin given at 15 mg/kg twice daily. METHODS: Twenty dogs with superficial pyoderma were treated with cephalexin at 30 to 60 mg/kg orally once daily (group A) and compared with 20 dogs treated at a dose of 15 to 30 mg/kg orally twice daily (group B). Dogs were treated until 14 days after clinical remission. Type and distribution of lesions, pruritus and general health status were assessed every 14 days using a numerical scale until 14 days after treatment discontinuation. Total scores for each evaluation day were compared between the two groups as well as time to obtain resolution and percentage of relapses. RESULTS: Resolution of superficial pyoderma was obtained in all dogs in 14 to 42 days (median 28 days for both groups), with no difference between groups. Six dogs experienced vomiting or diarrhoea but did not require discontinuation of the treatment. Only one dog (in group A) relapsed nine days after treatment discontinuation. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Once-daily cephalexin is as effective as twice-daily cephalexin in the treatment of canine superficial pyoderma.     

Comparison of effects of cimetidine and omeprazole on mechanically created gastric ulceration and on aspirin-induced gastritis in dogs.

A double-blind study was conducted to compare gastric ulcer healing time in nontreated dogs with that in dogs treated with either cimetidine or omeprazole. Single ulcers were created in the gastric antrum by use of a suction biopsy capsule. Each dog was given 25 mg of aspirin/kg of body weight orally for 20 days after ulcer induction. Five control dogs were given aspirin only (no anti-ulcer medication) during the 20-day study. Six dogs were given cimetidine at dosage of 10 mg/kg orally every 8 hours, and 6 dogs were given omeprazole orally at dosage of 2 mumol/kg (0.7 mg/kg) once daily. All dogs were examined endoscopically on days 5, 10, 15, and 20 and were given a score for the size of the mechanically created ulcer and a score for the degree of aspirin-induced gastritis. All dogs were euthanatized on day 21, and gastric lesions were examined histologically. Significant differences were not evident in ulcer healing scores or degree of aspirin-induced gastritis among treated and nontreated dogs on days 5, 10, 15, and 20. However, aspirin-induced gastritis was less severe in dogs of the omeprazole group than in dogs of the cimetidine or control group on each day observations were made. The effect of omeprazole given once daily was comparable with that of cimetidine given every 8 hours in lessening aspirin-induced gastritis.     

Effects of prednisolone on the development of immune responses to canine distemper virus in beagle pups

Effects of oral prednisolone (OP) on the development of immune responses of Beagle pups to canine distemper virus (CDV) were studied. Dogs were treated with OP for 21 days, twice a day for the first 7 days, once a day for the next 7 days, and on alternate days for the last 7 days. Dogs given dosages of OP (1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) showed a normal in vivo immunogenic response after CDV vaccination and survived a virulent CDV challenge exposure, whereas non-treated, nonvaccinated dogs became ill or died after challenge exposure. The most marked effect of corticosteroid treatment on the immune system was the graded phytoimmunosuppressive effect upon the lymphocyte blast transformation test.     

酵母多糖对环磷酰胺所致免疫损伤大鼠的拮抗作用

为研究酵母多糖(YP)对环磷酰胺(CTX)所致免疫损伤大鼠的拮抗作用,本实验将80只雄性SD大鼠随机分为YP(50 mg/kg)+CTX组、YP(100 mg/kg)+CTX组、YP(200 mg/kg)+CTX组、CTX对照组和正常对照组。YP+CTX组按剂量灌胃并称重,CTX和正常对照组则灌胃给予等量生理盐水,连续给药10 d;在第8 d、9 d,除正常对照组外,其余4组腹腔注射CTX 100 mg/kg。第11 d采血及对相关的免疫器官组织进行检测。结果显示,YP(100 mg/kg)组平均日增重和饲料报酬比正常对照组显著增加(p<0.05);胸腺指数,血清中IgA、IgG、表皮生长因子(EGF)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)含量及空肠SIgA水平显著(p<0.05)或极显著(p<0.01)高于CTX对照组;结肠壁中前列腺素E2(PGE2)含量与CTX对照组相比显著降低(p<0.05)。以上结果表明,YP能提高大鼠的生长性能;YP对CTX所致免疫损伤具有一定的拮抗保护作用,其中100 mg/kg剂量的YP效果最为显著。     

Safety and tolerability of 3-week and 6-month dosing of Deramaxx® (Deracoxib) chewable tablets in dogs

Although non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are effective in reducing pain and inflammation, these agents have adverse effects. Selective inhibitors of COX-2 are an alternative to traditional NSAIDs. Deramaxx^® [Novartis Animal Health US, Inc. (NAH), Greensboro, NC, USA] contains the selective COX-2 inhibitor, deracoxib, and is approved for the relief of pain and inflammation associated with orthopedic surgery and osteoarthritis in dogs. The safety of Deramaxx was evaluated in two target animal safety studies: 40 dogs (four dogs/sex/group) received 0, 4, 6, 8, or 10 mg/kg/day deracoxib once daily for 21 days; and 60 dogs (five dogs/sex/group) received 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10 mg/kg/day deracoxib once daily for 6 months. There was a dose-dependent trend towards increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in treated dogs, however mean BUN values remained within the reference range at the labeled doses. In both trials, histopathology revealed focal renal tubular degeneration/regeneration in some dogs receiving ≥6 mg/kg/day deracoxib. Focal renal papillary necrosis was seen in one dog treated with 8 mg/kg/day and in three dogs receiving 10 mg/kg/day deracoxib on the 6-month study. No other parameters of renal function were adversely affected for either study. Results show that Deramaxx is safe and well-tolerated in dogs when administered as directed.     

Successful resolution of oesophageal spirocercosis in 20 dogs following daily treatment with oral doramectin

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a daily oral dose of doramectin in dogs with spirocercosis. Twenty naturally infected dogs were treated with 0.5 mg/kg doramectin administered orally once daily for 42 days. In 13 of the dogs there was resolution of the nodules after 42 days. Nodules were eliminated in five of the remaining seven dogs following treatment for an additional 42 days. In the remaining two dogs, treatment continued for a further 42 days (total 126 days), resulting in complete resolution. No adverse events associated with treatment were observed. This study concluded that doramectin at 0.5 mg/kg once a day is effective in the elimination of Spirocerca lupi nodules in dogs.     

Evaluation of adverse effects of long-term oral administration of carprofen, etodolac, flunixin meglumine, ketoprofen, and meloxicam in dogs

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate adverse effects of long-term oral administration of carprofen, etodolac, flunixin meglumine, ketoprofen, and meloxicam in dogs. ANIMALS: 36 adult dogs. PROCEDURES: Values for CBC, urinalysis, serum biochemical urinalyses, and occult blood in feces were investigated before and 7, 30, 60, and 90 days after daily oral administration (n = 6 dogs/group) of lactose (1 mg/kg, control treatment), etodolac (15 mg/kg), meloxicam (0.1 mg/kg), carprofen (4 mg/kg), and ketoprofen (2 mg/kg for 4 days, followed by 1 mg/kg daily thereafter) or flunixin (1 mg/kg for 3 days, with 4-day intervals). Gastroscopy was performed before and after the end of treatment. RESULTS: For serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activity, values were significantly increased at day 30 in dogs treated with lactose, etodolac, and meloxicam within groups. Bleeding time was significantly increased in dogs treated with carprofen at 30 and 90 days, compared with baseline. At 7 days, bleeding time was significantly longer in dogs treated with meloxicam, ketoprofen, and flunixin, compared with control dogs. Clotting time increased significantly in all groups except those treated with etodolac. At day 90, clotting time was significantly shorter in flunixin-treated dogs, compared with lactose-treated dogs. Gastric lesions were detected in all dogs treated with etodolac, ketoprofen, and flunixin, and 1 of 6 treated with carprofen. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Carprofen induced the lowest frequency of gastrointestinal adverse effects, followed by meloxicam. Monitoring for adverse effects should be considered when nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used to treat dogs with chronic pain.     

Pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital in dogs given multiple doses

Studies were conducted to examine the temporal changes in phenobarbital pharmacokinetics during chronic dosing in dogs. Ten dogs were allotted into 2 groups, administered a single oral dose, rested for 35 days, and then given the drug for 90 consecutive days. After single administration of 5.5 mg/kg of body weight or 15 mg/kg, the total body clearance (Clt/F) was 5.58 +/- 1.89 ml/h/kg and 7.28 +/- 1.07 ml/h/kg, respectively. The half-lives (t1/2) for the 2 groups were 88.7 +/- 19.6 hours for the 5.5-mg/kg dose and 99.6 +/- 22.6 hours for the 15-mg/kg dose. Significant differences in Clt/F or t1/2 were not observed between the 2 groups. Multiple-dosing regimens (5.5 mg/kg/day or 11 mg/kg/day) were initiated in the same dogs for 90 days. The Clt/F was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater on days 30, 60, and 90 than the single dose for both groups. After the last dose on day 90, several blood samples were obtained to determine phenobarbital t1/2. On day 90, the t1/2 was significantly (P less than 0.05) shorter and the Clt/F was significantly greater than single-dose values. The Clt/F and t1/2 were 10.2 +/- 1.7 ml/h/kg and 47.3 +/- 10.7 hours for the group given the low dose and 15.6 +/- 2.5 ml/h/kg and 31.1 +/- 4.4 hours for the group given the high dose, respectively. Both Clt/F and t1/2 were significantly (P less than 0.05) different between the 2 groups on day 90.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Plasma concentrations of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, benazepril, and its active metabolite, benazeprilat, after repeated administrations of benazepril in dogs with experimental kidney impairment

In order to examine the safety of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor in dogs with impaired renal excretion route, benazepril was administered orally, and plasma concentrations of benazeprilat, the active metabolite of benazepril, were determined in dogs with renal mass reduction (1/4th kidney) created by right-side nephrectomy and ligation of branches of the left renal arteries. Five dogs were administered benazepril orally at a given dose (0.5 mg/kg body weight) and 4 other dogs received 20 times that dose (10 mg/kg body weight) once daily for 15 consecutive days before (intact kidney period) and after (1/4th kidney period) creation of kidney impairment. Six control dogs received surgical treatment, but no drug. After creating a 1/4th kidney, plasma urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations increased to approximately 30 mg/dl and 2.0 mg/dl, respectively, and renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate decreased to 37% and 30% of pre-treatment values, respectively. However, these parameters did not change significantly during the 1/4th kidney period both in the 0.5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg groups. In the 0.5 mg/kg group, plasma benazeprilat concentrations increased to approximately 20 ng/ml to 340 ng/ml 2 hr after each administration, and there were no significant differences between the plasma benazeprilat concentrations during the intact and 1/4th kidney periods. In the 10 mg/kg group, plasma benazeprilat concentrations varied in the individual dog, but did not increase with the days of administration, and were not significantly different on each administration day between the intact and 1/4th kidney periods in either dose group. The AUCs(0-24) of plasma benazeprilat concentrations determined on the 15th administration day were not different between the intact and 1/4th kidney periods in dogs of either dose group. Plasma ACE activities decreased after drug administration in dogs of both groups. Benazepril seemed to have a high safety, and the adjustment of dosage regimen might not be needed in dogs with mild to moderate renal function impairment because the drug was excreted both from the kidneys and liver.