种公猪精液品质不良的表现类型及应对措施

精液品质是评价种公猪繁殖力的一个重要指标,精液品质好坏与母猪的受胎率密切相关,公猪生产性能的好坏直接影响整个养猪业的生产效率。本文就种公猪精液品质不良的表现类型、影响因素及应对措施做如下探讨,希望能够对养猪生产有一定的指导意义。     

种公猪精液品质下降的原因及防治对策

精液品质是评价种公猪繁殖力的一个重要指标,精液品质好坏与母猪的受胎率密切相关,公猪生产性能的高低会直接影响到整个养猪业的生产效率。本文就种公猪精液品质下降的表现类型、影响因素及防治措施等方面作以下探讨,希望能够对养猪生产有一定的理论指导。     

提高种公猪精液品质的技术措施

种公猪精液品质是影响母猪繁殖力的重要因素。笔者通过调查研究,总结分析了影响种公猪精液品质的因素,提出了提高种公猪精液品质的综合技术措施。     

影响种公猪繁殖力的营养因素

在生产中,种公猪的繁殖力高低直接影响后代的数量、质量以及生产效益。种公猪精液品质的好坏是衡量其繁殖性能的重要指标之一,而饲料中的营养因素是影响种公猪繁殖力的主要因素。     

提高种公猪生产性能的技术措施

正种公猪的好坏直接决定母猪繁殖力的多少和仔猪成活率的高低。随着猪人工授精技术的推广和普及,种公猪在养猪生产中的作用越来越明显。俗话说"母猪好,好一窝;公猪好,好一坡"。提高种公猪采精技术和精液品质,最大限度地发挥种公猪的生产性能,对于提高母猪繁殖力和仔猪成     

公猪繁殖力的影响因素及改善措施

正根据多年的生猪饲养工作经验可以看出:实现公猪繁殖力的提高,仅仅重精液的生成是不够的,还应该注意提高生猪的生精能力。目前,大多对公猪繁殖力的影响因素都是负面的,很多饲养者没有掌握专业的技术,不能通过专业娴熟的技术提高公猪的精液品质,也不能掌握经济有效的检测方法来检测精液品质。所以,本文介绍一些影响公猪繁殖力的因素、提高繁殖力的技术措施和精液品质评定的方法,供参考。1温度对公猪繁殖力的影响     

如何提高母猪产仔率

1选择产仔性能好的种猪品质优良的精液是提高产仔率的前提条件,而公猪的精液品质,主要决于品种特性和体质。因此,要想让母猪多产仔,首先要选择繁殖性能较好的公猪品种,其次要选择体质健壮、性欲旺盛的种公猪。母猪一般选择本地饲养数量多、繁殖力高的品种。因为     

如何提高母猪产仔率

1选择产仔性能好的种猪 品质优良的精液是提高产仔率的前提条件,而公猪的精液品质,主要决于品种特性和体质。因此,要想让母猪多产仔,首先要选择繁殖性能较好的公猪品种,其次要选择体质健壮、性欲旺盛的种公猪。母猪一般选择本地饲养数量多、繁殖力高的品种。因为     

种公猪的饲养管理及其合理利用

公猪保持中口等膘性,健状的体质,充沛的精力,才能使其性欲旺盛,精液品质良好,因此要进行合的的饲养与利用。1饲养管理1.1营养良好的营养是保证种公猪具有旺盛的性欲、优良的精液品质,发挥正常繁殖力的前提和物质基础。     

精液品质对人工授精受胎率的影响

<正>精液品质是公猪繁殖力的一个重要指标,精液品质不良是公猪不育的重要原因之一。如果不能经常地对公猪精液品质进行全面的检查就用于输精,可能会导致大批母猪返情。因此加强对公猪精液的     

Analysis of In vitro Fertilizing Capacity to Evaluate the Freezing Procedures of Boar Semen and to Predict the Subsequent Fertility

A porcine in vitro fertilization (IVF) system and seminal quality parameters of frozen–thawed boar semen were used to assess the effectiveness of two different thawing rates of frozen boar semen, and to address the question of whether differences between fertility of ejaculates could be predicted in a limited field trial. In the first experiment, two thawing procedures were analysed (37°C, 30 s; 50°C, 12 s) and no differences in sperm quality were found. However, when the procedure was 50°C, 12 s the IVF results showed a higher number of sperm per penetrated oocyte and a near 10 points higher rate of pronuclear formation. In the second experiment, the fertility results obtained in the limited field trial show to be efficient enough for application in a commercial use, especially for three of the employed boars (fertility ≥80%). In this limited study, the conventional seminal parameters are not accurate enough to discriminate good and bad boars in relation to fertility. On the contrary, parameters of in vitro penetrability are more precise to predict subsequent fertilities. As conclusion, the IVF fertilization system seems to be a good tool to evaluate the quality of frozen–thawed boar semen previous to its commercial way, to verify the bank semen storage quality and a good way to assay new sperm freezing procedures, as it is the more precise evaluating method in estimating the potential fertilizing ability.     

不同品种、月份、月龄及采精间隔对猪精液品质的影响

为研究不同品种、采精月份、采精月龄和采精间隔等因素对加系公猪精液品质的影响,以及品种、初次采精周龄对精液质量稳定性的影响,本研究以江西某种公猪站79头加系大白猪、长白猪、杜洛克猪种公猪为试验群体,收集2018年12月至2020年12月3 921条精液采集与精液质量数据,通过混合线性模型与方差分析探究各因素对精液量、精液密度、精子活力、总精子数及其稳定性的影响。结果显示,从不同品种对精液质量的影响来看,长白猪精液量和总精子数均高于大白猪、杜洛克猪,但杜洛克猪精液密度高于长白猪、大白猪,杜洛克猪精子活力最低;从不同月份来看,1~3月采精精液密度最高,4~6月采精精子活力最高,10~12月采精精液量和总精子数最高,精液量呈现秋冬多、春夏少的季节变化规律。公猪不同月龄采精,精液质量指标也存在差异,月龄越小精液量越低,但精液密度偏高,精子活力相对较好,在19~24月龄黄金期总精子数最高。不同采精间隔对精液质量有较大影响,采精间隔越长,精液量、精液密度、精子活力和总精子数相对较好,采精间隔为5 d时综合性能最佳,但过长的采精间隔导致精子活力降低。品种影响总精子数稳定性,长白猪、大白猪总精子数稳定性显著优于杜洛克猪（P<0.05）。本研究结果表明,品种、采精月份、采精月龄和采精间隔均会影响公猪精液质量,关注这些因素有助于公猪站制定更完善的生产计划,提高公猪利用率。     

品种、季节、胎次、采精月龄及采精间隔对猪精液品质的影响

【目的】探究品种、公猪出生胎次、公猪同窝仔猪数、公猪乳头数、采精季节、采精月龄和采精间隔对猪精液品质的影响,以及不同品种对精液质量稳定性的影响。【方法】选取909头杜洛克、长白、大白种公猪为试验群体,收集2021年4月至2022年4月27 408条精液测定记录,采用混合线性分析模型和方差分析探究品种、公猪出生胎次、公猪同窝仔猪数、公猪乳头数、采精季节、采精月龄和采精间隔对精液体积、精液密度、精子活力、直线前进运动精子比例、精子畸形率、总精子数及各精液性状稳定性的影响。【结果】从不同品种对精液品质的影响来看,长白猪精液体积和总精子数均显著高于大白猪、杜洛克猪(P＜0.05),杜洛克猪精液密度显著高于大白猪和长白猪(P＜0.05),杜洛克猪、大白猪精子活力均显著高于长白猪(P＜0.05),大白猪直线前进运动精子比例显著高于长白猪和杜洛克猪(P＜0.05),长白猪和大白猪精子畸形率均显著低于杜洛克猪(P＜0.05);从不同公猪出生胎次对精液品质的影响来看,1~3胎出生的公猪具有较高的精液品质;从不同采精季节对精液品质的影响来看,精液密度、精子活力和总精子数秋、冬季显著高于春、夏季(P＜0.05);从不同采精月龄对精液品质的影响来看,16~25月龄公猪具有较高的精液品质;从不同采精间隔对精液品质的影响来看,4~5 d为最佳采精间隔,采精间隔过长会导致精子畸形率上升;从不同公猪总乳头数来看,乳头数13~16个时,各精液性状品质都处于中等水平,有利于公猪生产应用。3个品种各精液性状间稳定性趋势不一,杜洛克猪和大白猪精液体积和精子活力的稳定性均显著高于长白猪(P＜0.05),杜洛克猪精液密度、精子畸形率和总精子数的稳定性均显著高于大白猪和长白猪(P＜0.05),大白猪直线前进运动精子比例的稳定性显著高于长白猪和杜洛克猪(P＜0.05)。各品种中,长白猪稳定性较差;各精液性状中,精子活力稳定性最好。【结论】品种、公猪出生胎次、采精季节、采精月龄和采精间隔均会影响公猪精液品质,可根据不同品种公猪制定更完善的选择方案,提高精液质量,加速公猪遗传改良。     

Field data analysis of boar semen quality

This contribution provides an overview of approaches to correlate sow fertility data with boar semen quality characteristics. Large data sets of fertility data and ejaculate data are more suitable to analyse effects of semen quality characteristics on field fertility. Variation in fertility in sows is large. The effect of semen factors is relatively small and therefore impossible to find in smaller data sets. Large data sets allow for statistical corrections on both sow- and boar-related parameters. Remaining sow fertility variation can then be assigned to semen quality parameters, which is of huge interest to AI (artificial insemination) companies. Previous studies of Varkens KI Nederland to find the contribution to field fertility of (i) the number of sperm cells in an insemination dose, (ii) the sperm motility and morphological defects and (iii) the age of semen at the moment of insemination are discussed in context of the possibility to apply such knowledge to select boars on the basis of their sperm parameters for AI purposes.     

Multivariate Analyses for Determining the Association of Field Porcine Fertility With Sperm Motion Traits Analysed by Computer‐Assisted Semen Analysis and With Sperm Morphology

This study investigates the association of semen traits with boar fertility. The fertility outcome (farrowing rate – FR and total piglets born – TB) of 14 boars was obtained from a field trial conducted during 10 week of breeding period on a commercial farm using multiparous sows (n = 948) through single‐sire mating with 2 × 10⁹ motile sperm cells per artificial insemination (AI) dose. Sperm motion parameters, evaluated with computer‐assisted semen analysis system in raw and stored semen at 17°C for 240 h, in addition to morphological sperm defects, measured on the collection day, were included in the analysis to determine which semen traits were important to discriminate the fertility potential of ejaculates from these boars. The data underwent multivariate cluster, canonical and discriminant analyses. Four clusters of boars were formed based on fertility outcome. One boar, with the lowest FR and TB values (89.7% and 11.98), and two boars, with the highest FR and TB values (97.8% and 14.16), were placed in different clusters. The other boars were separated in two distinct clusters (four and seven boars), including boars with intermediate TB (12.64 and 13.22) but divergent values for FR (95.9% vs 91.8%). Semen traits with higher discriminatory power included total motility, progressive motility, amplitude of lateral head displacement and cytoplasmatic droplets. Through multivariate discriminant analysis, more than 80% of the 140 ejaculates were correctly classified into their own group, showing that this analysis may be an efficient statistical tool to improve the discrimination of potential fertility of boars. Nevertheless, the validation of the relationship between fertility and semen traits using this statistical approach needs to be performed on a larger number of farms and with a greater number of boars.     

Biological markers of boar fertility

The semen evaluation techniques used in most commercial artificial insemination centers, which includes sperm motility and morphology measurements, provides a very conservative estimate of the relative fertility of individual boars. As well, differences in relative boar fertility are masked by the widespread use of pooled semen for commercial artificial insemination (AI) in many countries. Furthermore, the relatively high sperm numbers used in commercial AI practice usually compensate for reduced fertility, as can be seen in some boars when lower numbers of sperm are used for AI. The increased efficiency of pork production should involve enhanced use of boars with strong reproductive efficiency and the highest genetic merit for important production traits. Given that the current measures of semen quality are not always indicative of fertility and reproductive performance in boars, accurate and predictive genetic and protein markers are still needed. Recently, significant efforts have been made to identify reliable markers that allow for the identification and exclusion of sires with reduced reproductive efficiency. This paper reviews the current status of proteomic and genomic markers of fertility in boars in relation to other livestock species.     

环境温度与公猪繁殖力

温度是影响种公猪繁殖性能的重要因素。温度过高和过低都会导致种公猪精液品质下降、性欲下降,配种母猪妊娠率、产仔率和仔猪成活率下降等。因而为种公猪提供适宜的环境温度,避免热应激或冷应激是保证种公猪身体健康和繁殖力的重要举措。文章结合温度影响种公猪繁殖力的机理,阐述了环境温度与种公猪繁殖力的关系以及在种公猪饲养管理过程中为保持适宜的温度应该采取的措施。为种公猪站建设过程中选择合适的温度参数以及种公猪饲养管理提供参考。     

The relationship of porcine sperm zona-binding ability to fertility

Several laboratory assays have been designed to assess the fertility potential of a semen sample before insemination, but none have been consistent and accurate predictors of fertility. To determine whether zona-binding ability may be a useful fertility predictor, we validated and used an in vitro competitive assay to measure the ability of porcine sperm to bind to the zona pellucida. The zona-binding ability of sperm from 11 boars that exhibited a broad range in average litter size and farrowing rate was determined. Sperm from each boar were compared directly with sperm from eight other boars in a systematic, pairwise fashion. Sperm from two semen samples were labeled with fluorophores at concentrations that did not affect motility or zona-binding ability. An equal number of labeled sperm from each boar was coincubated with homologous oocytes. Least squares means from analysis of variance were used to rank boars based on zona-binding ability. The competitive assay was effective in establishing a ranking of the boars (R2 = 0.62). Furthermore, there was a correlation between zona-binding ability and fertility when estimated by average litter size (r = 0.64, P < 0.05) but not when estimated by farrowing rate (r = -0.28). The explanation for this difference was that litter size and farrowing rate were poorly correlated (r = 0.14). In conclusion, a competitive zona-binding assay distinguished boars that sired either small or large litters. Competitive zona-binding ability may be useful for identifying boars with reduced fertility that produce smaller litters following insemination.     

影响猪精液液态常温保存的主要因素

人工授精技术的广泛应用,对生猪产业又好又快的发展起到了积极作用。由于现代快递业的飞速发展和猪同期发情技术的成熟,液态保存的精液可以在全球范围实施人工授精。与冷冻保存相比,常温保存有着无可替代的优势,提高良种公猪遗传资源的利用率与猪精液的常温保存技术密不可分。从温度、季节、稀释液添加物质等方面对猪精液液态常温保存进行了综述。     

骨桥蛋白在长白公猪生殖细胞中的表达及其与繁殖性能的相关性

本试验旨在研究骨桥蛋白（osteopontin,OPN）在长白公猪生殖细胞中的表达和定位,并探究其与公猪繁殖性能的相关性。试验采集了长白公猪精液和不同阶段（3日龄、3月龄、6月龄和12月龄）的睾丸组织,通过蛋白印迹的方法检测OPN蛋白在精液和不同月龄睾丸中的表达,通过免疫组化的方法对OPN蛋白在公猪睾丸细胞中进行定位;同时,根据配种胎次≥ 20胎,3次配种公猪为同一头的标准,筛选并采集17头长白种公猪精液,统计相对应的1 388头母猪的生产成绩,计算得到公猪繁殖性能指标（包括窝产总仔数、窝产活仔数、分娩率和繁殖力）。低温离心精液分离得到精子和精浆,丙酮法提取精浆蛋白,Lysis buffer方法提取精子蛋白,最后运用BCA和ELISA的方法检测精子和精浆中OPN蛋白的含量,分析OPN蛋白与公猪繁殖性能的相关性。蛋白印迹结果显示,OPN在精子、精浆和各月龄阶段的长白公猪睾丸中均以两种形式表达（67.4和33.7 ku）,且67.4 ku的形式在3月龄公猪睾丸中表达量最高;免疫组化的结果显示,OPN在长白公猪的初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞和精子细胞中表达,在精母细胞、支持细胞和间质细胞中无表达;BCA和ELISA结果显示,精子中的OPN蛋白含量是精浆中的7倍（P<0.05）,精液中的OPN蛋白与公猪窝产活仔数显著正相关（P<0.05）。本试验结果表明,OPN在各阶段的长白公猪睾丸中都有表达,且在精子和精浆中也有表达,这可能与公猪的繁殖性能有关,从而为后期OPN蛋白在公猪受精力的研究奠定基础。