雌激素对去卵巢大鼠小脑ER、ChAT、NGF表达的影响

本研究旨在探讨雌激素对大鼠小脑内雌激素受体（ER）、神经生长因子（NGF）和胆碱乙酰转移酶（ChAT）表达的影响。建立去卵巢SD大鼠模型,以小脑为研究对象,运用免疫组织化学SP法,通过补充17β-雌二醇对ER、NGF和ChAT在小脑中的表达和分布变化进行研究。结果表明：ER、NGF和ChAT免疫阳性反应物在小脑皮质主要分布于蒲肯野氏细胞,而在小脑核中主要定位于小脑顶核、间位核和齿状核;ER阳性产物主要定位于细胞质和突起中,也存在于胞膜和胞核中。去卵巢大鼠小脑中3种阳性物质的表达强度及阳性细胞数量总体呈显著降低趋势,在补充17β-雌二醇后,3种阳性物质的表达强度和阳性细胞数目显著回升。本试验证实雌激素可促进小脑中NGF和ChAT的表达;另外ER、NGF和ChAT表达变化的相似性提示三者在雌激素对小脑的作用中是相互调节和影响的,同时表明雌激素可能既通过基因组机制,也通过非基因组机制途径在小脑发挥作用。     

大豆异黄酮对去卵巢大鼠垂体ER和NGF蛋白表达的影响

探讨植物雌激素大豆异黄酮对大鼠垂体雌激素受体(ER)、神经生长因子(NGF)表达的影响。运用超敏感的免疫组织化学SP法,以青年雌性SD大鼠垂体为研究对象,通过补充不同剂量的大豆异黄酮,观察其对ER、NGF在垂体中的表达和分布变化的影响。结果显示,ER、NGF免疫阳性反应物在垂体中广泛分布。ER主要分布于中间垂体、腺垂体和神经垂体;NGF主要分布于中间垂体和腺垂体。ER免疫阳性反应物主要定位在细胞核和核膜,NGF免疫阳性反应物主要定位在细胞核,但在部分区域可见胞膜和胞浆中有阳性产物表达。去卵巢大鼠垂体中ER、NGF的表达强度及阳性细胞数量的总趋势是显著降低,而补充不同剂量的大豆异黄酮6周后,两种阳性产物的表达强度和阳性细胞数目随着补充剂量的增加而有较显著回升。表明大豆异黄酮可促进ER和NGF的表达,在维持和保护垂体的功能中发挥了一定作用;另外ER、NGF表达变化的相似性提示二者在大豆异黄酮对垂体的作用中是相互调节和影响的。     

雌激素受体α、β在雌性山羊颈动脉体的分布

为探索雌性山羊颈动脉体(CB)是否具有接受雌激素作用的条件,本试验采用免疫组织化学SP法检测雌性山羊CB中ERα、ERβ的分布特点。结果表明,雌性山羊CB中ERα与ERβ的免疫阳性产物分布广泛,在球细胞、支持细胞、血管内皮细胞及周围结缔组织均有不同程度的阳性产物分布,但主要分布于球细胞。以上结果表明CB的球细胞是雌激素作用的主要靶点,提示雌激素可能通过作用于分布在CB球细胞上的ER对心血管系统的功能活动产生神经途径的调节作用。     

外源性己烯雌酚对雄性香猪外周血细胞的影响

雌激素是体内重要激素之一,通常通过其受体(ER)发挥生物学作用;ER有ERa和ERβ两个亚型并广泛存在于免疫和造血系统中,在小鼠、大鼠及人类的脾脏细胞、胸腺细胞基质成分和胸腺细胞、造血细胞和骨髓均发现有ER表达[1],表明雌激素与免疫和造血系统存在紧密关系.     

ER免疫反应产物在幼龄公山羊下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴的表达

应用免疫组化SP法时雌激素受体(ER)免疫反应产物在幼龄公山羊下丘脑、垂体、性腺中的分布特点进行了研究。结果显示，下丘脑中ER免疫反应阳性神经元主要分布在视上核、室旁核、室周核等9个核团，在视前区、下丘脑外侧区等核团也有一定数量的阳性神经元；阳性细胞呈圆形、卵圆形、三角形不等，阳性物质大多位于细胞质和胞核，阳性纤维散布于各阳性核团中；在正中隆起和第三脑室室管膜可见大量小而密集排列的深染的阳性神经元。神经垂体中可见大小不等、排列较均匀且染色较深的纤维，腺垂体中腺细胞呈强阳性着色。睾丸曲细精管中的初级精母细胞和支持细胞以及睾丸间质细胞中的ER阳性产物均为微弱表达。由此表明，幼龄公山羊雌激素除作用于性腺外，还主要作用于中枢神经系统的广泛区域，推测其参与了脑中生殖、内分泌、认知等多种功能的调控。     

雌激素受体α,β在雌性山羊肠系膜后神经节的表达

为探究雌激素是否通过交感神经调节雌性生殖系统的生理状态,试验选取雌山羊肠系膜后神经节,采用免疫组织化学SP法,检测雌激素受体α,β在肠系膜后神经节中的表达及分布。结果显示,雌激素受体α,β阳性产物在雌性山羊肠系膜后神经节广泛存在,强阳性产物存在于神经元胞膜和核中,阳性产物存在于整个神经元胞体以及核仁中。在神经节其他组成结构中也出现了阳性产物。表明在雌山羊肠系膜后神经元中存在雌激素受体,说明神经元对雌激素具有反应性;在神经节其他组成结构中出现阳性产物,说明雌激素可以经交感神经通路影响雌性生殖系统的生理机能,为研究雌性生殖系统的免疫神经调节提供了形态学证据。     

雌激素受体与M2mAchR在成年雌兔背根神经节中的共存

为检测成年雌兔背根神经节中是否存在雌激素受体(ER)与M2型乙酰胆碱受体(M2mAchR)的分布与共存,采用免疫荧光双标记染色法对ER与M2mAchR在背根神经节中的分布情况进行了研究。结果显示,在成年雌兔背根神经节中:(1) ER分布主要以神经元为主。其中,ERα主要表达于中小型神经元,而ERβ则多分布于大中型神经元。(2)相较ER而言,M2mAchR分布更为广泛,除神经元外,神经纤维等组织上也有弱阳性表达。(3)两种ER与M2mAchR均有共存现象,但共存情况存在差异,ERα/M2mAchR主要共分布于中小型细胞,ERβ/M2mAchR主要共分布于大中型神经元。结果表明,首先,雌激素具有通过影响背根神经节部分神经元的活动而实现对躯体内脏感觉活动间接调节的条件。其次,在此影响的机制中,雌激素除可以直接作用于神经元上的受体之外,还具有与共表达的M2mAchR交互作用而实现的条件。为研究雌激素影响神经系统调控活动的机制以及背根神经节的神经内分泌调节机制提供了重要的形态学依据。     

雌激素β受体在大鼠睾丸中的表达与发育研究

为了研究雌激素β受体(ER-β)在不同年龄大鼠睾丸中的表达,试验采用免疫组织化学SP法对雌激素β受体在4,23,50周龄大鼠睾丸组织中的表达进行了研究.结果表明:4周龄大鼠睾丸雌激素β受体免疫反应产物表现出强阳性,主要分布在间质细胞和肌样细胞中;23周龄雌激素β受体免疫反应产物表现出中等阳性,主要出现在少量的间质细胞和大量的肌样细胞中;50周龄大鼠睾丸仅见极少数区域个别的阳性间质细胞与肌样细胞,免疫反应产物表现出弱阳性;随着大鼠年龄的增长,大鼠睾丸中的雌激素β受体的表达量呈下降趋势.     

ERα免疫反应产物在山羊卵巢中的分布

为了研究不同生殖周期山羊卵巢中雌激素受体α（estrogen receptor α，ERα）的表达，本试验应用高灵敏度的免疫组织化学SP法检测了ERα免疫反应产物在不同生殖周期山羊卵巢中的分布。结果显示，ERα免疫反应产物主要存在于成熟卵泡的颗粒细胞、发情期和妊娠期生长卵泡的部分颗粒细胞、原始卵泡卵母细胞胞质、粒黄体细胞胞质及膜黄体细胞胞核、卵泡膜细胞和类固醇细胞胞质；间情期生长卵泡的颗粒细胞中的ERα免疫反应产物较少，主要存在于细胞膜上；卵母细胞中ERα免疫反应产物在初级卵泡阶段含量较少，从次级卵泡开始其含量很丰富。以上结果提示，ERα以激活不同信号途径的方式参与了对卵泡生长、排卵及妊娠维持的调控，这为研究雌激素及雌激素受体α在卵巢中的作用及其生殖调控机理提供了形态学资料。     

雌激素β受体在大鼠睾丸中的表达与发育研究

为了研究雌激素β受体(ER-β)在不同年龄大鼠睾丸中的表达,试验采用免疫组织化学SP法对雌激素β受体在4,23,50周龄大鼠睾丸组织中的表达进行了研究。结果表明:4周龄大鼠睾丸雌激素β受体免疫反应产物表现出强阳性,主要分布在间质细胞和肌样细胞中;23周龄雌激素β受体免疫反应产物表现出中等阳性,主要出现在少量的间质细胞和大量的肌样细胞中;50周龄大鼠睾丸仅见极少数区域个别的阳性间质细胞与肌样细胞,免疫反应产物表现出弱阳性;随着大鼠年龄的增长,大鼠睾丸中的雌激素β受体的表达量呈下降趋势。     

Possible involvement of preoptic estrogen receptor beta positive cells in luteinizing hormone surge in the rat

The anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) of the preoptic area has been implicated in the induction of spontaneous ovulation. In the AVPV, we found a striking sex difference in the distribution of estrogen receptor (ER) positive cells. In females, a significantly larger number of ER mRNA-positive cells were visualized than in males using in situ hybridization in the most medial part of the AVPV next to the ependymal lining of the third ventricle. In males, the labeled cells were dispersed into more lateral region. Immunohistochemistry revealed a similar sexual dimorphism in the ER protein. The dimorphism persisted from Day 7 to Day 60. Orchidectomy of male neonates or estrogen treatment of female pups had reversed the brain phenotype when examined on Day 14. No gross sex difference was detected in the pattern of ER expression in the medial preoptic nucleus and the bed nucleus of the stria terminals. Estrogen receptor immunoreactive cells co-localization in 83% of ER mRNA positive cells in the AVPV of adult females. Infusion of an ER antisense oligonucleotide into the third ventricle resulted in a significantly longer period of successive vaginal estrus and 50% reduction in the number of ER-immunoreactive cells in the AVPV. These findings suggest an important role of ER AVPV in the female-typical estrogen-dependent induction of the luteinizing hormone surge.     

Changes in estrogen receptor expression in the chick thymus during late embryonic development

In chickens, although estrogen receptors (ER) are reported to be associated with the immunological processes, detailed information about the differences in ER expression in the tissues related to the development of lymphocytes is not fully known, especially during the developmental stage. To learn more about this immunological relationship, we used semi‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction method to detect the ER expression levels in the thymus tissues of chicks during the developmental stage. Furthermore, ER‐expressing cells were detected by immunohistochemistry. The results of this study show that the expression level of ER increased on embryonic day 16 and decreased on day 20. Furthermore, ER expression was significantly higher in male than in female chickens at day 16. The increased expression on day 16 and decreased level on day 20 were also reproduced in the incidence of immunoreactive cells, although there was a 1‐day delay in the elevated incidence of the cells. This study revealed the changes in ER expression and the incidence of ER‐positive cells in the thymus of chickens during the developmental stage.     

草原红牛不同组织雄激素受体基因表达量检测及比较研究

采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR技术检测雄激素受体基因(Androgen receptor gene,AR)在草原红牛公牛和母牛多种组织中的表达情况,探讨该基因在草原红牛公牛和母牛不同组织中的表达差异.结果表明,AR基因在所检测的公牛和母牛的心、肝、脾、肺、肾、肠、胃及睾丸(卵巢)等8种组织中均有表达,且肝脏中的表达量高于其他组织;草原红牛公牛和母牛相同组织闻比较结果显示:AR基因在草原红牛公牛肝脏中表达量与母牛相比较差异不显著,其他不同组织间表达量均有显著差异(P<0.05),且公牛各组织中的表达量均高于母牛.本试验为深入研究AR基因的生物学功能及了解该基因对不同性别个体肉质性状的形成的作用机制奠定了基础.     

饲粮中添加不同比例黄芪副产物对绵羊脾脏中Toll样受体2和白细胞介素-1受体相关激酶4表达的影响

本试验旨在研究基础饲粮中添加不同比例黄芪副产物对绵羊脾脏中Toll样受体2(TLR2)和白细胞介素-1受体相关激酶4(IRAK4)表达的影响。选取健康、体重[(27.43±3.61)kg]接近的3月龄澳洲白与湖羊杂交F1公羔68只,随机分为4组,每组17只羊。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加2%(2%组)、4%(4%组)、6%(6%组)的黄芪副产物。预试期10 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:1)各组绵羊的终末体重、平均日增重和平均干物质采食量差异不显著(P>0.05)。2%组羔羊的脾脏指数显著高于对照组、4%组和6%组(P<0.05),而4%组、6%组与对照组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)2%组绵羊脾脏中TLR2和IRAK4的mRNA和蛋白相对表达量显著高于对照组、4%组和6%组(P<0.05)。3)免疫组化染色发现TLR2蛋白主要定位在饲喂不同比例黄芪副产物绵羊脾脏红髓的脾窦中,IRAK4蛋白主要定位在饲喂不同比例黄芪副产物绵羊脾脏红髓的脾索中。由此可见,基础饲粮中添加2%的黄芪副产物不仅可以增加绵羊的脾脏指数,还可以上调脾脏中TLR2和IRAK4基因的表达,从而在机体的免疫调节中发挥作用。     

Immunohistochemical characterization of estrogen and progesterone receptors in lymphoma of horses

Abstract: Immunohistochemical techniques were used to examine 29 cases of equine lymphoma for estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression. The lymphomas examined included T-cell-rich large B-cell lymphomas, B-cell neoplasms, and T-cell lymphomas. The individual cases were also classified according to the anatomic location of the tumors. One normal equine lymph node was also examined for ER and PR expression. All of the cases of equine lymphoma and the normal lymph node were negative for ER. A total of 16/29 (55%) PR-positive lymphomas were identified. Seven of the 12 (58%) T-cell-rich large B-cell lymphomas were positive, 7/11 (64%) B-cell tumors were positive, and 2/6 (33%) T-cell neoplasms were positive. Anatomically, 6/9 (66%) subcutaneous lymphomas were PR positive, 3/5 (60%) intrathoracic lymphomas were positive, 1/4 (25%) intra-abdominal lymphomas were positive, 2/5 (40%) intra-abdominal/intrathoracic lymphomas were positive, 1/2 (50%) upper airway lymphomas were positive, and 3/3 (100%) splenic lymphomas were positive. One case involving abdominal and thoracic tumors and leukemia was negative for PR expression. The normal lymph node contained a low percentage (1.9%) of PR-positive lymphocytes. The presence of PR in neoplastic equine lymphoid tissue indicates that these tumors may be responsive to serum progesterone. Also, identification of PR-positive cells in the normal lymph node suggests that PR may be constitu-tively expressed in normal equine lymphocytes. Further studies are needed to quantify PR levels in normal and malignant equine lymphoid tissue and to determine the usefulness of either progestin or antiprogestin drugs in the management of equine lymphoma.     

成年贵州小型猪脾脏的组织形态学观察及免疫组化研究

为了给人类免疫相关疾病模型的建立提供参考,试验分别取24头贵州小型猪脾脏组织进行组织形态观察,用免疫组化SP法检测CD3、CD4、CD8及CD20阳性细胞的比例和分布。结果表明:12头雌性小型猪脾脏指数为18.91±1.59,12头雄性小型猪脾脏指数为17.26±2.44,无显著差异(P>0.05)。CD3+、CD4+、CD8+细胞主要分布在动脉周围淋巴鞘,CD20+细胞主要分布在脾小体,12头雌性小型猪CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD20+细胞比例(46.67±6.56,24.25±5.04,25.33±4.52,52.83±6.60)与雄性小型猪(43.17±7.58,23.33±3.58,23.58±5.91,54.42±9.27)比较无显著差异(P>0.05),CD4+/CD8+比值在0.7～1.5之间波动;雌性小型猪和雄性小型猪脾脏中CD20+细胞比例均较CD3+细胞多,差异有显著性(P<0.05或P<0.01)。     

Expression of oestrogen receptors in foetal lung tissue of mice

Oestrogens are responsible for the sexual dimorphism in adult mice lung tissue, and this difference is most notable at sexual maturity. Oestrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) and the oestrogen receptor-beta (ERβ) are the two receptors that mediate oestrogen action, but adult mice lung tissue only expresses ERβ, and it is probably through this receptor that oestrogens exert their action. The goal of our study was to detect the expression of ERα and ERβ in mouse foetal lung tissues and identify possible gender differences. The foetal lung tissue was collected between developmental days E15-E19, processed for histology and the expression of oestrogen receptors was detected by immunohistochemistry. Over the 5?days of lung development that were evaluated ERα was not expressed in the foetal lung tissues of neither male nor female mice. In contrast, ERβ was detected in both sexes, although the immunoreactivity differed for each developmental day whilst the staining intensity observed for ERβ also indicated differences between male and female lung tissues. The results demonstrate the existence of a gender difference in the foetal expression of ERβ in lungs of mice.