Effects of glutamine supplementation of an amino acid-based purified diet on intestinal mucosal integrity in cats with methotrexate-induced enteritis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine effects of glutamine-supplemented and glutamine-free amino acid-based purified diets, compared with a dry expanded diet, on intestinal structure and function in a model that used cats with methotrexate-induced enteritis. ANIMALS: 18 adult specific-pathogen-free cats. PROCEDURE: 12 cats were given intragastric feedings of an amino acid-based purified diet supplemented with glutamine (7% [wt:wt]) or an isonitrogenous amount of glycine and alanine; 6 cats consumed a dry expanded diet. After 21 days, cats received methotrexate (MTX; 11 mg/kg of body weight, IV). Intestinal permeability testing was performed immediately before and 66 hours after MTX administration. Celiotomy was performed 72 hours after MTX administration for aseptic removal of mesenteric lymph nodes, collection of full-thickness intestinal biopsy specimens, determination of intestinal cellular proliferation, and collection of aortic and portal venous blood samples for determination of arteriovenous amino acid concentrations across the intestine. RESULTS: Administration of MTX was associated with severe enterotoxicosis manifested as diarrhea (8/12 cats), vomiting (12/12), and positive results for bacterial culture of mesenteric lymph nodes (12/12) in cats receiving the purified diets, independent of glutamine supplementation. Diet did not affect villus tip length and villus surface area in the small intestine or cellular proliferation. Administration of MTX was associated with significantly increased intestinal permeability, which was not attenuated by glutamine supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: Feeding of a glutamine-supplemented amino acid-based purified diet was unable to preserve intestinal function in cats with MTX-induced enteritis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Intestinal morphologic alterations correlate poorly with intestinal function as measured by means of bacterial translocation and intestinal permeability.     

Effect of short-term hypothermia on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity in rats

This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of short-term hypothermia on blood malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) concentrations in rats. Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were used weighing 180-200 g and on average 3.5 months old. They were randomly divided into two experimental groups: control (without cooling) and hypothermic (with cooling). The rats of the hypothermic group were cooled by immersion into cold water (10-12 degrees C), and the control rats were immersed into water of body temperature (37 degrees C) up to the neck without using any anaesthetic or tranquilizer for 3 min Rectal body temperatures of both groups were measured and blood samples to analyse MDA, GSH, SOD, GSH, GSH-Px and G-6-PD were collected immediately after the treatment. It was found that the MDA level was higher and the GSH and G-6-PD levels were lower in the hypothermic group than those in the controls. There was no difference between the control or hypothermic group regarding SOD or GSH-Px levels. It is concluded that acute hypothermia increased the lipid peroxidation and decreased the GSH and G-6-PD levels in rats.     

葛根素对饲喂氧化大豆油肉鸡小肠黏膜屏障功能及抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在研究葛根素对饲喂氧化大豆油饲粮黄羽肉鸡小肠黏膜形态结构、紧密连接蛋白基因表达及抗氧化能力的影响。试验采用2×2因子设计,因子包括油脂质量（新鲜大豆油和氧化大豆油）和葛根素添加水平（0、750 mg·kg^-1）。选取健康1日龄雌性黄羽肉鸡360只,随机分成4个处理组,分别为新鲜大豆油饲粮组、新鲜大豆油+葛根素（750 mg·kg^-1）饲粮组、氧化大豆油饲粮组和氧化大豆油+葛根素（750 mg·kg^-1）饲粮组,每组6个重复,每个重复15羽。在28和56日龄时,每个重复随机选取1只鸡,取十二指肠、空肠、回肠检测小肠形态结构和测定小肠黏膜紧密连接蛋白基因表达及抗氧化指标。结果表明：1）饲喂氧化大豆油显著降低28日龄肉鸡十二指肠的绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度（V/C）、回肠V/C和claudin-1 mRNA表达量以及56日龄肉鸡3个肠段的绒毛高度及V/C （P<0.05）,显著升高56日龄3个肠段的隐窝深度（P<0.05）。饲粮中添加葛根素显著提高28日龄肉鸡空肠绒毛高度和V/C、回肠闭合小环蛋白1（ZO-1） mRNA表达量和56日龄肉鸡十二指肠V/C、空肠和回肠的绒毛高度及V/C （P<0.05）,显著降低3个肠段的隐窝深度（P<0.05）。2）饲喂氧化大豆油显著升高28日龄十二指肠还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量和空肠还原型谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性（P<0.05）,并显著降低28日龄回肠GSH含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）（P<0.05）。饲粮中添加葛根素显著提高28日龄肉鸡十二指肠GSH-Px活性（P<0.05）。饲喂氧化大豆油显著降低56日龄回肠SOD活性和T-AOC （P<0.05）,饲粮中添加葛根素显著提高56日龄肉鸡十二指肠SOD和回肠SOD、GSH-Px活性（P<0.05）,显著降低56日龄肉鸡空肠GSH含量、SOD活性、T-AOC和回肠T-AOC （P<0.05）。综上所述,饲喂氧化大豆油破坏肠道黏膜形态结构、降低紧密连接蛋白基因的表达量和抗氧化能力,添加葛根素可提高肉鸡小肠黏膜紧密连接蛋白基因的表达量,改善氧化损伤条件下肠道黏膜形态结构,提高抗氧化酶的活性而提高其抗氧化能力。     

家蚕氟化物中毒后血淋巴中脂质过氧化物和抗氧化物含量及抗氧化酶活性的变化

为了探究氟化物对家蚕的毒理作用,通过给家蚕5龄期幼虫添食NaF,检测氟化物中毒家蚕幼虫血淋巴中脂质过氧化物质丙二醛(MDA)、抗氧化物质谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量变化以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)等抗氧化物酶的活性变化。正常家蚕幼虫和氟化物中毒家蚕幼虫血淋巴中的MDA含量在5龄期均逐渐下降,但氟化物中毒家蚕的MDA平均浓度比正常家蚕升高了83.77%;GSH含量变化趋势为5龄第1天和第5天较高,第3天较低,但氟化物中毒家蚕5龄期的GSH浓度平均比正常家蚕下降了47.81%;氟化物中毒家蚕5龄期的GSH-Px和GST的平均活性分别比正常家蚕升高63.49%、39.22%,5龄第3天达到最高峰,5龄第1天和第5天较弱。初步分析认为家蚕幼虫血淋巴中MDA和GSH的含量变化以及GSH-Px和GST的活性变化,与家蚕氟化物中毒后体内氧自由基含量上升和脂质过氧化作用增强密切相关,可作为诊断家蚕氟化物中毒的生化指标。     

Artificial rearing influences the morphology,permeability and redox state of the gastrointestinal tract of low and normal birth weight piglets

Background: In this study the physiological implications of artificial rearing were investigated. Low(LBW) and normal birth weight(NBW) piglets were compared as they might react differently to stressors caused by artificial rearing. In total, 42 pairs of LBW and NBW piglets from 16 litters suckled the sow until d19 of age or were artificially reared starting at d3 until d19 of age. Blood and tissue samples that were collected after euthanasia at 0, 3, 5, 8 and 19 d of age. Histology, ELISA, and Ussing chamber analysis were used to study proximal and distal small intestine histomorphology, proliferation, apoptosis, tight junction protein expression, and permeability. Furthermore, small intestine,liver and systemic redox parameters(GSH, GSSG, GSH-Px and MDA) were investigated using HPLC.Results: LBW and NBW artificially reared piglets weighed respectively 40 and 33% more than LBW and NBW sowreared piglets at d19(P 0.01). Transferring piglets to a nursery at d3 resulted in villus atrophy, increased intestinal FD-4 and HRP permeability and elevated GSSG/GSH ratio in the distal small intestine at d5(P 0.05). GSH concentrations in the proximal small intestine remained stable, while they decreased in the liver(P 0.05). From d5 until d19, villus width and crypt depth increased, whereas PCNA, caspase-3, occludin and claudin-3 protein expressions were reduced. GSH,GSSG and permeability recovered in artificially reared piglets(P 0.05).Conclusion: The results suggest that artificial rearing altered the morphology, permeability and redox state without compromising piglet performance. The observed effects were not depending on birth weight.     

铅对大鼠睾丸的氧化损伤及柚皮素的保护效应

为研究柚皮素对铅致大鼠睾丸损伤的保护作用。选24只雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组、柚皮素组、铅组、铅+柚皮素组。各组每日分别灌服生理盐水、柚皮素、醋酸铅、醋酸铅+柚皮素。8周后,处死大鼠收集睾丸。检测睾丸组织中丙二醛(MDA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)含量;并取睾丸切片做HE染色。结果表明,铅可显著提高MDA含量和GSH-Px活性(P<0.05),显著降低GSH含量和CAT活性(P<0.05);柚皮素能显著降低铅处理组MDA含量和GSH-Px活性(P<0.05),显著提高GSH含量(P<0.05)和CAT活性(P<0.05)。睾丸组织学研究表明,柚皮素组睾丸组织正常;染铅组和对照组相比,染铅组睾丸组织损伤严重,而柚皮素加铅组损伤明显减轻。说明铅可导致大鼠睾丸组织脂质过氧化损伤,柚皮素对铅导致的损伤具有保护效应。     

不同体质量建鲤血清和组织中抗氧化指标的变化

本试验旨在研究建鲤(Cyprinus carpio var.Jian)幼鱼期(18～75 g)随体质量增加,机体和组织器官中抗氧化酶活性和非酶抗氧化物质含量以及抗超氧阴离子自由基能力(ASA)和抗羟自由基能力(AHA)的变化规律.试验选用均初体质量为(18.0±0.20)g的健康建鲤750尾,随机分成5组,每组3个重复,每个重复50尾.所有试验鱼饲喂相同的试验饲料,每隔14d称重取样1次,称重后,分别取血液、肝胰脏、肠道和肌肉组织测定抗氧化指标,共取5次.结果表明:血清、肝胰脏、肠道和肌肉中丙二醛和蛋白质羰基含量随体质量增加而显著降低(P＜0.05),分别在体质量达31.4和58.6g以后达到稳态(P＞0.05);ASA和AHA随体质量增加而显著增强(P＜0.05),均在体质量达40.1g以后达到稳态(P＞0.05);超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性随体质量增加而显著提高(P＜0.05),均在体质量达40.1g以后达到稳态(P＞0.05);谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性随体质量增加而显著提高(P＜0.05),均在体质量达31.4g以后达到稳态(P＞0.05);还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量随体质量增加而显著提高(P＜0.05),分别在体质量达31.4、31.4、31.4和58.6g以后达到稳态(P＞0.05).综上所述,建鲤幼鱼随体质量增加,血清和组织中SOD、CAT、GSH-Px和GST等抗氧化酶活性逐渐增强,低分子抗氧化物质GSH含量逐渐提高,从而使得ASA和AHA逐渐增强,脂质过氧化和蛋白质氧化产物含量逐渐降低,并最终达到稳态.     

金属硫蛋白在大鼠全脑缺血再灌注损伤中的神经保护作用

采用股动脉放血并双侧颈总动脉夹闭的全脑缺血再灌注模型,测定缺血10min再灌注后6h、1d、3d、5d脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH Px)活力及丙二醛(MDA)含量,以探讨金属硫蛋白-1(MT 1)对实验性脑缺血再灌注的神经保护作用。结果表明:在对应的各时间相,老年组SOD及GSH Px的活性均显著低于青年组(P<0 05);MDA水平显著高于青年组(P<0 05);而MT-1可显著提高SOD及GSH Px的活性、降低MDA的水平(P<0 01)。本实验证明MT 1对脑缺血再灌注有明显神经保护作用。     

硒对铝诱导小鼠脾脏氧化应激和炎症反应的颉颃作用

为探究硒对铝诱导小鼠脾脏氧化应激和炎症反应的颉颃作用机制,试验设4组：空白对照组、铝中毒组、硒对照组、硒＋铝组,各组小鼠灌胃给药处理4周后取脾脏组织。通过观察病理组织HE染色切片及免疫荧光染色切片来评价脾脏组织病理学变化;检测小鼠脾脏组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）活性及还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）、丙二醛（MDA）、一氧化氮（NO）含量的变化;以实时荧光定量PCR检测脾脏组织中白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、IL-4、IL-6、干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）、血红素氧合酶1（HO-1）和NF-κB mRNA的表达水平;用Western blotting法检测脾脏组织中p-p65、IL-1β和HO-1蛋白表达水平。结果显示,铝处理后可使脾脏局部细胞间距增大,淋巴细胞减少,并伴有红细胞浸润,中性粒细胞增多,降低脾脏组织中GPx活性及NO和GSH的含量,导致MDA积累,IL-1β和NF-κB等炎症相关基因mRNA及蛋白表达水平升高,表现出对脾脏的氧化损伤和炎症反应;硒的加入可缓解铝的毒性作用,提高GPx活性及其他抗氧化物质的含量,降低脂质过氧化物MDA生成及炎症相关基因mRNA和蛋白的表达水平。本试验结果表明,铝能通过诱发小鼠氧化应激及炎症反应损伤脾脏,硒能缓解铝诱导的小鼠脾脏损伤,其机制可能与硒增强了脾脏的抗氧化水平有关。     

The curative and antioxidative efficiency of doramectin and doramectin+vitamin AD3E treatment on Psoroptes cuniculi infestation in rabbits

In the present study, the efficiency of the administration of doramectin (DOR) and DOR+vitamin AD3E (VIT), and the influence of these agents on oxidative stress parameters in rabbits infested by Psoroptes cuniculi (P. cuniculi) were investigated. DOR (200 microg/kg) and DOR (200 microg/kg)+VIT AD3E were administered to infested rabbits intramuscularly (IM). The administration of DOR and DOR+VIT improved the healing of ear lesions on day seven. Increase in the plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level and erythrocyte catalase (CAT) activity, and decrease in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were determined in infested rabbits. In the rabbits which were administered DOR+VIT, plasma MDA levels decreased, and erythrocyte GSH-Px and SOD activities increased on day seven. In conclusion, DOR and DOR+VIT combination were effective against P. cunuculi infestation. Infestation stimulated oxidative stress. VIT treatment resulted in antioxidant activity against oxidative stress induced by P. cuniculi infestation.     

Changes in Some Red Blood Cell and Clinical Laboratory Parameters in Young and Old Beagle Dogs

Routine laboratory and lipid peroxidase parameters in the blood of Beagle dogs under 1 year of age (7 males, 7 females) and over 9 years of age (7 males, 7 females) were compared. The mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and haemoglobin (Hb) values, plasma total protein (TP) and globulin concentrations in the older dogs were significantly higher than in the younger ones by 13%, 6%, 10% and 15%, respectively. The plasma inorganic phosphate concentration, however, was 30% lower in the older dogs than in the young ones. The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) was 30% higher, while the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were around twice as high in the older dogs as in the young ones. However, in the older males the concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) was 43% and in the older females 9% less than in the young ones. Extremely high levels of MDA and low levels of GSH were only found in the older males. GSH-Px and SOD activities were significantly higher in the older male dogs than in the young ones. The activities of these enzymes were highest in the older females. From our results, we suspect that old dogs, especially males, are particularly exposed to the harmful effects of free radicals and lipid peroxidation.     

6-苄氨基嘌呤对大鼠小肠缺血再灌注损伤的影响

本试验旨在研究6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)对大鼠小肠缺血再灌注(I/R)损伤的保护作用。选取80只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为4组,即对照组、I/R模型组和低、高剂量6-BA组。低、高剂量6-BA组于术前3周分别连续灌胃10、20mg/kg的6-BA,对照组和I/R模型组灌胃同体积的生理盐水,每天1次。对照组在暴露肠系膜上动脉后不做阻断;I/R模型组和低、高剂量6-BA组阻断肠系膜血管30min后再灌注60min。随后取大鼠空肠组织分别进行总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量检测;采用单细胞凝胶电泳法检测细胞DNA损伤程度,采用免疫组化法检测半胱氨酸天冬氨酸特异性蛋白酶3(Caspase-3)表达情况。结果显示,与I/R模型组相比,补充10、20 mg/kg的6-BA后,T-SOD、GSH-Px活性显著升高(P0.05),MDA含量显著降低(P0.05);小肠细胞DNA的拖尾现象好转,尾部DNA含量和拖尾率都显著低于I/R模型组(P0.05);Caspase-3阳性表达细胞数量显著减少(P0.05)。由此可见,10、20 mg/kg的6-BA能有效防护I/R对小肠的损伤,且20mg/kg的6-BA作用效果尤为明显。     

Enhancement of antigen-specific immunoglobulin G production in mice by co-administration of L-cystine and L-theanine

Supplementation with both cystine and glutamic acid increases the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), which has a marked effect on immune cell function, as compared with supplementation with either amino acid alone in human macrophages in vitro. As dietary glutamic acid is metabolized during intestinal transport, oral administration of L-theanine (gamma-glutamylethylamide), which is metabolized to glutamic acid mainly in the liver, may act as a glutamic acid donor in vivo. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of oral administration of L-cystine and/or L-theanine on GSH levels and immune responses. Co-administration of L-cystine (200 mg/kg) and L-theanine (80 mg/kg) for 11 days before immunization significantly increased the levels of total GSH in the liver 6 hr after immunization as compared with the levels in control mice. To examine the effects of administration of L-cystine and/or L-theanine on the balance of T helper (Th) 1/Th2 cell responses, the serum ratios of the Th1 cytokine, interferon (IFN)-gamma, and the Th2 cytokine, interleukin IL-10, were investigated. At 24 hr after immunization, co-administration significantly increased the IL-10/IFN-gamma ratio compared with the ratios of the control and single-administration mice. Furthermore, co-administration before primary immunization significantly enhanced serum antigen-specific IgG levels. Taken together, these findings suggest that co-administration of L-cystine and L-theanine enhances antigen-specific IgG production partly through augmentation of GSH levels and Th2-mediated responses.     

小花棘豆总黄酮体内抗氧化作用的研究

试验以小花棘豆为研究对象,测定其总黄酮提取物在体内的抗氧化活性。采用超声波协助提取法提取小花棘豆中总黄酮,并使用肝脏损伤小鼠模型(四氯化碳造模)测定小花棘豆总黄酮提取物在体内的抗氧化活性。结果表明,小花棘豆总黄酮可以显著提高小鼠血清和肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性,并降低丙二醛(MDA)含量和脑组织中脂褐素(LP)含量。因此,小花棘豆总黄酮具有一定的体内抗氧化活性,有一定的利用前景。     

小花棘豆主要有毒成分黄花碱对氧自由基的影响

为了探讨小花棘豆中黄花碱的中毒机理及其对小鼠体内氧自由基代谢的影响,采用紫外可见分光光度法分别测定了对照组和黄花碱组小白鼠血浆、肝脏和脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSHPX)的活性、脂质过氧化终末代谢产物丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)的含量。结果表明,黄花碱组小白鼠血浆、肝脏和脑组织中SOD活性都显著低于对照组(P<0.05),血浆和脑中GSHPX活性极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),肝中显著低于对照组(P<0.05),黄花碱组MDA含量极显著增加(P<0.01)。黄花碱能诱发机体内氧自由基的产生,显著降低机体主要器官和组织中某些抗氧化酶的活性和提高MDA的含量,发生脂质过氧化反应而损伤机体主要组织器官,细胞发生空泡变性,可能是黄花碱引起中毒的原因之一。     

枯草芽孢杆菌B1对饲喂高脂饲粮小鼠抗氧化功能的影响

本试验旨在研究枯草芽孢杆菌B1对饲喂高脂饲粮小鼠抗氧化功能的影响。将45只体重相近[(35±1)g]的普通ICR小鼠随机分为对照组(基础饲粮)、高脂组(高脂饲粮)、试验组[添加质量分数为0.1%枯草芽孢杆菌B1的高脂饲粮],每组3个重复,每个重复5只,饲养30 d。观察枯草芽孢杆菌B1对高脂饲粮小鼠肠黏膜、肝脏和血清的抗氧化能力、氧化应激状态的影响。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,高脂组小鼠的肠黏膜总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著减少了28.34%(P<0.01),肝脏超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和硫氧还蛋白还原酶活性分别显著降低了22.91%(P<0.05)、37.35%(P<0.01)、47.47%(P<0.01)和36.42%(P<0.05);血清还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、GSH-Px和抗超氧阴离子自由基(O2-.)活性分别显著下降了30.73%(P<0.01)、47.26%(P<0.01)和8.02%(P<0.01);肝脏8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-OhdG)含量显著增加了67.87%(P<0.01)。2)与高脂组相比,试验组小鼠的肠黏膜T-AOC显著增加了32.44%(P<0.05),肝脏GSH含量和CAT活性分别显著上升了38.27%(P<0.05)和53.01%(P<0.05);血清T-AOC、GSH含量、GSH-Px和抗O2-.活性分别显著提高了10.72%(P<0.05)、38.01%(P<0.05)、51.98%(P<0.01)和13.45%(P<0.01);肝脏丙二醛、8-OHdG含量和黄嘌呤氧化酶活性分别显著下降了16.01%(P<0.05)、37.52%(P<0.01)和16.25%(P<0.05)。由此可见,高脂饲粮降低了小鼠肠黏膜、肝脏和血清的抗氧化功能;添加枯草芽孢杆菌B1对饲喂高脂饲粮小鼠的抗氧化功能具有一定的增强作用,并能减少机体的氧化应激状态,较好地保护组织细胞,免受氧化损伤。     

Protective effect of L-carnitine against oxidative damage caused by experimental chronic aflatoxicosis in quail (Coturnix coturnix)

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of L-carnitine supplementation on the plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and whole blood reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations in experimentally-induced chronic aflatoxicosis in quails. For this purpose, a total of 80 quails up to 8 weeks old were divided into four equal groups. Group I served as control, Group II was given L-carnitine at the dose of 200 mg/litre in the drinking water for 60 days, Group III was given 60 microg total aflatoxin/kg diet for 60 days, and Group IV was given both 60 microg total aflatoxin/kg diet and 200 mg L-carnitine/litre in the drinking water for 60 days. Aflatoxin treatment caused a significant increase in plasma MDA and a significant decrease in blood GSH concentrations. On the other hand, there was a significant decrease in plasma MDA and a significant increase in whole blood GSH in the L-carnitine-supplemented group. The present study demonstrated that L-carnitine brought about the inhibition of lipid peroxidation by enhancing antioxidant capacity in quails with chronic aflatoxicosis.     

Effects of palm oil on lipid peroxidation,reduced glutathione,glutathione peroxidase,and vitamin A levels in the corpus uteri,cornu uteri and corpus luteum of young and adult female sheep

The aim of the current study was to determine whether a rumen protected palm oil based diet affect malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), reduced glutathione (rGSH) and vitamin A levels in the tissues of cornu uteri, corpus uteri and corpus luteum over the barley based isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diet, and whether the response is different between ewes and ewe-lambs. During the breeding season, half of Morkaraman ewes (2-4-year-old, n = 10) and ewe-lambs (7-8-months-old, n = 10) was offered a barley based diet and the other half was offered a protected palm oil based diet for 42 +/- 0.7 days. At the end of the experiment all animals were slaughtered and measurements carried out in the tissues collected. In all animals tested, cornu uteri had the highest MDA levels followed by corpus uteri and corpus luteum (P < 0.01) but no differences were between the tissues observed in GSH-Px and rGSH levels (P > 0.05). Vitamin A levels were, however, higher in corpus luteum than in cornu uteri and corpus uteri (P < 0.05). Corpus uteri MDA levels were not different (P > 0.05) but rGSH levels were higher for the palm oil fed groups (P < 0.05). GSH-Px and rGSH levels were higher for ewe-lambs than ewes (P < 0.05). In conclusion, it appears that MDA, rGSH, GSH-Px, and vitamin A work in a different fashion for corpus uteri, cornu uteri and corpus luteum, and for ewes and ewe-lambs. Dietary palm oil did not significantly affect the parameters studied except higher rGSH levels in corpus uteri. Levels of antioxidatively active substances, such as rGSH and GSH-Px were lower in ewes compared with those in ewe-lambs.     

Beneficial Effect of N-acetylcysteine against Oxidative Damage in Mice Liver Induced by Streptococcus agalactiae Serotype Ⅰa Isolated from Cow

The assay was aimed to investigate the effect of Streptococcus agalactiae on oxidative damage in mice liver and the beneficial effect of N-acetylcysteine against the damage. Forty adult mice were divided into 4 groups (control, NAC, S.agalactiae and NAC+S.agalactiae) randomly. Colorimetry was used to detect the content of MDA and the activities of GSH-Px, GST and POD. The results showed that, compared with the control group, there were extremly significant reductions in the activity levels of GSH-Px, GST and POD (P<0.01) accompanied by a extremly significant increase in the MDA content (P<0.01) in bacteria infected group; extremly significant increases in the activity levels of GSH-Px, GST and POD (P<0.01) accompanied by a extremly significant reduction in the MDA content (P<0.01) in NAC group.Compared with S.agalactiae group, extremly significant increases in the activities of GSH-Px, GST and POD (P<0.01), and extremly significant reduction of the MDA content (P<0.01) could be observed in NAC+S.agalactiae group, but when it came to control group, extremly significant reduction in the activities of GSH-Px, GST and POD (P<0.01), and extremly significant increase of the MDA content (P<0.01) could be observed. Thus, the results suggested that infection of Ⅰa S.agalactiae isolated from bovine could induce oxidative damage in mice liver, and NAC (100 mg/(kg·BW)) pretreatment could enhance the activities of GSH-Px, GST and POD, and decrease the MDA content to reduce the damage degree.     

Effect of aflatoxin on susceptibility of hamsters to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.

After oral administration of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis to hamsters, the organism passed the epithelial barrier of the intestine, and infection was established in the small intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes. The addition of aflatoxin to the ration of hamsters did not increase their susceptibility to M paratuberculosis but, rather, seemed to decrease susceptibility to the bacillus. Hamsters not treated with aflatoxin and infected with M paratuberculosis had higher bacterial counts in intestinal tract and mesenteric lymph node on necropsy than did infected hamsters that had been treated with aflatoxin. Aflatoxin-treated hamsters grew slowly, had an unthrifty appearance, and developed lesions of megalocytosis regardless of whether they were infected with M paratuberculosis.