水貂铜绿假单胞菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

对河北某水貂养殖场送检的6只具有出血性肺炎症状的病死水貂脏器进行细菌分离鉴定、致病性试验及药物敏感性分析,为临床诊断和用药提供参考依据。通过细菌分离纯化、形态学观察、生化鉴定及PCR鉴定,共分离到6株铜绿假单胞菌;小鼠致病性试验结果显示,6株铜绿假单胞菌均能使小鼠发病死亡;西药药敏试验结果显示,6株铜绿假单胞菌均对多西环素、阿米卡星、恩诺沙星敏感,对卡那霉素、头孢拉定等9种抗生素耐药;中药药物试验结果显示,6株铜绿假单胞菌均对诃子、乌梅、五味子极度敏感,对女贞子、夏枯草等12种中药耐药。     

袋鼠源铜绿假单胞菌分离鉴定

为确定袋鼠死亡原因,本研究采用Biolog快速鉴定系统、16SrRNA序列分析以及传统细菌鉴定方法对2株分离自北京动物园袋鼠肺脏的菌株进行形态学、培养特性、生化特性、小鼠致病性、系统发育分析等生物特性的鉴定和分析,结果表明2菌株均为铜绿假单胞菌,对昆明小鼠有强致病性。系统发育分析结果表明2株袋鼠源铜绿假单胞菌16SrRNA序列与ATCC10145模式株差异很小,同源性分别为99.9%和100%,并且位于系统发育树的同一分支。     

致仔猪肠壁囊泡性脓肿铜绿假单胞菌的生物学特性研究

为研究猪肠壁囊泡性囊肿的可能病原,从发病猪肠道囊泡分离细菌,从11头发病死亡猪肠壁囊泡分离到1株共同性的细菌,对其进行了细菌生化鉴定和16sRNA测序,结果鉴定该株细菌为铜绿假单胞菌。通过药敏试验和小鼠攻毒试验,证实该株细菌具有多重耐药性和强致病性。本研究首次报道了铜绿假单胞菌致仔猪肠壁裳泡性脓肿的病例,并证明了假铜绿单胞菌强的致病作用,为深入铜绿假单胞菌对畜禽养殖的威胁及条件致病菌的变异奠定基础。     

獭兔源铜绿假单胞菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

为了确定某獭兔养殖场獭兔发病的主要病原菌,分析该病原菌的耐药性,本试验对青岛市某獭兔养殖场送检的病死兔进行病理剖检,并从肺脏中分离得到1株细菌,随后进行分离菌形态观察、生化试验、细菌16S rRNA基因测序。该株分离菌为革兰阴性杆菌,博检革兰阴性细菌鉴定系统的生化鉴定结果为铜绿假单胞菌,细菌的16S rRNA基因序列经同源性比较,与铜绿假单胞菌同源性为100%。药敏试验结果表明该株分离菌对多种头孢类、喹诺酮类药物高度敏感。细菌分离鉴定和药敏试验结果为临床用药治疗该病提供参考依据。     

肉鸽铜绿假单胞菌分离与鉴定

从南京某肉鸽养殖场死亡病鸽肝脏中分离到1株细菌,经分离培养、形态染色镜检、生化试验、药敏试验、实验动物致病性试验和16S rDNA基因片段PCR检测及基因测序试验,结果表明,该菌可以在普通营养琼脂和SS琼脂平板上生长,革兰染色镜检为革兰阴性菌,生化试验检测结果鉴定值为1 655,符合铜绿假单胞菌生化特性;药敏试验表明,该菌对磷霉素、环丙沙星和阿米卡星高度敏感,接种小鼠能导致其死亡并分离出同一细菌,16S rDNA基因片段测序后与GenBank中登录的铜绿假单胞菌同源性为99%。综合以上结果鉴定该分离菌为铜绿假单胞菌。     

进口奶牛感染铜绿假单胞菌的微生物学诊断

从病死奶牛脏器中分离出1株革兰氏阴性短杆菌,通过染色镜检、培养特性分析及生化鉴定,证明为铜绿假单胞菌。动物试验证明,分离株对小鼠有较强的致病性,并从死亡鼠体内分离到相应细菌。药敏试验结果显示,铜绿假单胞菌对多种抗菌药物有耐药性。     

一株牛源铜绿假单胞菌的分离鉴定

为了确诊秦皇岛市昌黎县某肉牛养殖场肉牛肺炎的病因,试验对肉牛肺脏中的病原进行分离培养,并对纯化培养的分离菌采取革兰氏染色、细菌生化鉴定及16S rDNA鉴定,对分离菌进行药敏试验和小鼠致病性试验。结果表明:从病死牛严重病变的肺脏实质部分离到一株优势菌,为革兰氏阴性杆菌。生化试验结果表明,该优势菌与铜绿假单胞菌符合率高达99.9%,将该分离菌命名为PaQHD-1。16S rDNA鉴定结果表明,PaQHD-1与铜绿假单胞菌参考菌株处于同一分支,并且同源性在99%以上。PaQHD-1仅对环丙沙星表现敏感,对其余的14种抗生素均表现耐药;分离菌可致小鼠死亡,小鼠死亡率100%(5/5)。说明本次致牛肺炎的病原为铜绿假单胞菌,且该分离菌具有一定的致病性及耐药性。     

狮铜绿假单胞菌的分离与鉴定

从狮子患处分离出 1株G- 杆菌 ,根据形态观察、培养特性 ,API 2 0E测试结果 ,鉴定为铜绿假单胞菌。动物实验证明 ,分离株对小鼠有较强的致病性 ,并从死亡鼠内脏中分离到相应细菌     

水貂源铜绿假单胞菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

为了对山东省水貂出血性肺炎病例进行微生物学诊断,采用细菌分离、PCR扩增、基因序列比对等方法对分离菌进行鉴定,并对分离率最高的铜绿假单胞菌进行药敏试验。共分离出65株菌,其中铜绿假单胞菌17株。药敏试验结果表明:铜绿假单胞菌对哌拉西林、环丙沙星、替卡西林、头孢吡肟和氨曲南的耐药性达到80%以上;对阿米卡星、亚胺培南和美罗培南的敏感性很高。     

一例雏鸡铜绿假单胞菌的分离鉴定及其16SrRNA基因序列分析

为对死亡雏鸡进行病因诊断,通过大体剖检、细菌分离、生化鉴定,证实为铜绿假单胞菌感染。测定了该分离株的16SrRNA基因序列,并与GenBank中收录的序列比较,结果发现所分离的铜绿假单胞茵及参考株的16SrDNA基因序列极其保守,相似性达99％～100％;与大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、巴氏杆菌的相似性差异约为9％;与鸭疫里默氏...     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

A brief history of the prevention of infectious diseases by immunisations

Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.     

Micronutrient Content of Certain Tropical Conventional and Unconventional Feed Resources of Southern India

The ash, silica and certain important micronutrients were estimated in conventional and unconventional feed and fodder resources available in Southern India. Commonly used dry roughages, such as paddy straw, ragi straw, maize kadbi/stalk, jowar kadbi/stalk, bajra stalk and wheat straw, were high in ash (9.9% +/- 0.77%) and silica (6.4% +/- 0.65%) and low in most of the other micronutrients, except iron, with paddy straw containing most silica (>9%). Cultivated non-leguminous (maize, jowar) and improved green crops (hybrid napier, guinea, green panic, NB-21, CO-1) were also high in ash (10.5% +/- 0.60% and 12.5% +/- 0.51%) but were moderate sources of P, Mg and Cu and good sources of Zn (98 +/- 13.8 ppm and 55 +/- 6.7 ppm). Leguminous green fodders (stylosanthus, lucerne, cow pea, soyabean) were excellent sources of Ca (1.9% +/- 0.16%), Mg (0.40% +/- 0.05%), Cu (30 +/- 5.2 ppm), Zn (121 +/- 14.7 ppm) and Fe (1234 +/- 166 ppm) and moderate sources of P. Mixed local grasses and weeds were high in silica (6.9% +/- 1.00%) but were good sources of Cu, Zn and Fe. Cereal grains (maize, wheat, rice, ragi) were low in ash (2.9% +/- 0.33%) and were relatively poor sources of Ca (0.22% +/- 0.03%), Mg (0.19% +/- 0.03%) and Cu (13 +/- 3.1 ppm). Pulses were low to medium sources of most minerals and good sources of Fe (1230 +/- 293 ppm). Oil seed cake/extractions (groundnut cake, cotton seed cake, soyabean meal, sunflower cake, safflower cake) and cereal by-products (rice polish, rice bran, wheat bran) were excellent sources of P (1.1% +/- 0.47% and 2.3% +/- 0.19%) and good sources of Zn (65 +/- 3.9 ppm and 66 +/- 10.7 ppm) and Fe (938 +/- 130 ppm and 662 +/- 126 ppm). Among the unconventional feeds screened, orange peel, sunflower heads, meat meal, rubber seed cake, spirulina algae and sea weeds contained plentiful Ca, Zn and Fe: tree leaves/top feeds (mulberry, erythrina, glyricidia, banana, subabul, groundnut haulms) were excellent sources of Ca (1.5% +/- 0.13%), Zn (120 +/- 22.9 ppm) and Fe (1033 +/- 133 ppm) but relatively poor sources of P. Soyabean husk, cocoa seed husk, rubber seed cake and meat meal were moderate to good sources of P (1.0% and 0.33%). The high Zn and Fe values of most feeds/fodders were probably due to soil contamination. This account of the micronutrient content of feed/fodder resources should help in strategic supplementation intended to alleviate local deficiencies.     

Bovine Mastitis in Selected Areas of Southern Ethiopia

A study on bovine mastitis, designed to determine the causal agents, prevalence of infection and impact of risk factors in three cattle breeds, was conducted in selected areas of southern Ethiopia. A total of 307 lactating and non-lactating cows, of which 162 were indigenous Zebu, 85 Jersey and 60 Holstein-Friesian, were examined by clinical examination and the California mastitis (CMT) test. Of these, 40.4% were positive by CMT and bacteriology for clinical or subclinical mastitis, with prevalence rates of 37.1% and 62.9%, respectively. Out of 1133 quarters examined, 212 (18.7%) were found to be infected, 83 (39.2%) clinically and 129 (60.8%) subclinically. The prevalence of mastitis was significantly higher in Holstein-Friesian than in indigenous Zebu, in non-lactating cows than in lactating cows, in the early lactation stage than in the mid-lactation stage, in cows with lesions and/or tick infestation on skin of udder and/or teats than in cows without this factor, and in the wet season than in the dry season. Mastitis increased with parity number (R = 0.9). Of 248 CMT and clinically positive udder quarter samples analysed microbiologically, 212 were culturally positive for known mastitis pathogens and 36 were negative. Of the 199 positive samples, Staphylococcus accounted for 39.2%, Streptococcus for 23.6%, coliforms for 14.1%, Micrococcus and Bacillus species for 8.0% each and Actinomyces or Arcanobacterium (Corynebacterium) for 7.0%. It was concluded that there was a high prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis, mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli, in this study area.     

不同日粮氮水平对山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成的影响

本试验旨在探讨不同日粮氮水平对内蒙古白绒山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成(MCP)的影响,以达到提高氮利用率,减少环境污染和饲料资源的浪费。试验选用9只体况良好、体重为(43.83±2.95)kg,装有瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊,按体重随机分为3组,每组3只。日粮分为低氮7.5%、中氮10.5%、高氮13.5%3个氮水平。试验使用常规试验方法分析测定粪尿血液等生化指标,通过全收尿法和尿嘌呤衍生物法估测MCP。结果表明:随着氮水平增加,氨氮(NH3-N)浓度、氮摄入量、尿氮排出、尿中尿素氮(UUN)和MCP显著增加(P0.05),干物质采食量(DMI)显著降低(P0.01);沉积氮占总摄入氮的比例在中氮组最高,MCP在高氮组最高。综上所述,适当降低日粮氮水平可减少粪尿氮排放,提高反刍动物氮利用率。     

Microsporidial keratopathy in two dogs

A microsporidial keratopathy is described in two dogs. Both dogs presented with a unilateral stromal keratopathy characterized by multifocal coalescing opacities, and the diagnosis was made on histopathologic examination of keratectomy specimens. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded corneal tissue was performed in one dog, and the morphologic features were consistent with Nosema species infection. Both dogs were initially diagnosed and treated by superficial keratectomy. One dog received additional antifungal medication and underwent a penetrating keratoplasty following local recurrence two years later. No other systemic lesions attributable to the microsporidial infection were identified clinically. The clinical and diagnostic pathology findings, treatment, and follow‐up are discussed.