山东省滕州市羊隐孢子虫感染检测与其actin序列分析

为了解山东省滕州市羊隐孢子虫感染情况和种类,从该市2个绵羊场、2个山羊场采集222份羊粪便样品,提取所有样品的基因组DNA,采用巢式PCR扩增隐孢子虫actin基因,对阳性样品进行序列测定和分析。结果显示,滕州市羊隐孢子虫总的感染率为6.76%,其中绵羊7.84%,山羊5.83%;不同月龄的羊感染情况不同,6~12月龄绵羊感染率最高(20.69%),而12月龄以上的山羊感染率最高(10.00%);共发现3种隐孢子虫感染,其中微小隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium parvum,C.parvum)检出率最高为53.33%,其次是肖氏隐孢子虫(C.xiaoi)为40.00%,仅发现1例(6.67%)泛在隐孢子虫(C.ubiquitum)感染;序列比对结果显示,本试验所获得基因序列与Gen Bank中的C.parvum、C.xiaoi、C.ubiquitum actin基因序列同源性达到100%;系统进化分析显示,滕州市的羊样品中鉴定的actin序列,与Gen Bank中的相应虫种序列在同一分支上。研究结果为深入了解滕州市羊隐孢子虫流行情况及制定有效的防控措施提供了依据。     

河南省奶牛安氏隐孢子虫感染的流行病学调查

为了解河南省奶牛安氏隐孢子虫病流行情况,采用饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法和改良抗酸染色法对河南省12个规模化奶牛场和7个奶牛养殖小区共计2 268份粪便样本进行检查,发现109份为阳性粪便样本,感染率为4.8%。卵囊呈长椭圆形,平均大小为7.8μm×6.4μm,卵囊指数为1.22;12个养殖场中10个为阳性场,7个养殖小区中4个为阳性小区,不同地区奶牛安氏隐孢子虫感染率统计学差异显著(P0.05);不同年龄段奶牛安氏隐孢子虫感染率统计学差异极显著(P0.01);不同养殖方式奶牛隐孢子虫感染率统计学差异不显著(P0.05)。结果表明:奶牛隐孢子虫感染流行范围较广,存在一定人兽共患风险。     

西北部分地区藏香猪隐孢子虫感染情况研究

为了解我国西北部分地区藏香猪隐孢子虫的感染和种类分布,从陕西省和青海省采集了共450份藏香猪新鲜粪便样品,基于隐孢子虫18S rRNA基因的分子生物学方法对粪便样品中隐孢子虫感染情况及其种类进行了研究。结果显示,藏香猪隐孢子虫总感染率为14.2%,青海省藏香猪的感染率(23.9%)显著高于陕西省(3.7%)(P0.01);不同年龄段藏香猪隐孢子虫感染率差异显著(P0.01),其中断奶后仔猪感染率(42.9%)最高,而哺乳仔猪和成年猪均未检测到隐孢子虫的感染;序列分析发现,藏香猪的隐孢子虫均为Cryptosporidium scrofarum。研究结果为藏香猪隐孢子虫病的防控提供了基础数据。     

伊犁河谷新疆褐牛隐孢子虫感染情况调查

为了解伊犁河谷区域新疆褐牛隐孢子虫病流行情况,从该地区的伊宁市和察布查尔锡伯自治县的4个养殖场采集356份粪便样品,提取基因组DNA,以隐孢子虫小亚基核糖体DNA(SSU rDNA)为靶基因,进行套式PCR扩增,并对阳性样品进行序列分析。结果显示:伊宁市和察布查尔锡伯自治县各有1个养殖场的新疆褐牛发现隐孢子虫感染,总的感染率为3.37%,其中伊宁市褐牛的感染率为4.10%,察布查尔锡伯自治县褐牛的感染率为2.48%;序列比对结果显示,存在2种隐孢子虫感染,分别为安氏隐孢子虫(C.andersoni)和瑞氏隐孢子虫(C.ryanae),其中C.andersoni是优势种(91.67%);成年牛的感染率最高(5.59%),而断奶前犊牛未发现隐孢子虫感染;冬季感染率(5.68%)显著高于春季(1.11%)(P<0.05)。本研究首次对伊犁河谷区域新疆褐牛感染的隐孢子虫进行了分子鉴定,发现褐牛的隐孢子虫感染率显著低于我国其他品种牛的感染率。该研究结果为深入了解新疆褐牛隐孢子虫的流行情况,制定有效的防控措施提供了数据支持。     

宁夏吴忠市羊隐孢子虫感染情况调查及虫种鉴定

为了解宁夏回族自治区吴忠市羊隐孢子虫病流行情况,从吴忠市的2个规模羊场采集480份粪便样品。提取基因组DNA,用套式PCR扩增隐孢子虫SSUrRNA基因,阳性样品进行测序分析。结果显示,吴忠市羊隐孢子虫感染率为28.3%,其中盐池县绵羊感染率为33.8%,同心县山羊感染率为22.9%;共发现3种隐孢子虫感染,其中肖氏隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium xiaoi)阳性率最高(62.5%),其次是泛在隐孢子虫(C.ubiquitum)(32.4%),微小隐孢子虫(C.parvum)感染率最低(5.2%);从季节上看,春季感染率最高(49.2%),夏季最低(6.7%);从羊的年龄上看,未断奶羔羊感染率最高(34.4%),而成年羊感染率最低(19.4%);序列比对结果显示,所有阳性样品均在Gen Bank找到100%同源的序列。本研究首次对宁夏羊感染的隐孢子虫进行了分子鉴定,为深入了解宁夏吴忠市羊隐孢子虫病流行情况、制定有效的防控措施提供了依据。     

陕北黑山羊隐孢子虫种类鉴定及遗传进化分析

为了阐明陕北黑山羊隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium)的感染情况、种类及其遗传进化关系,本研究利用形态学和分子生物学方法,分析了107份不同年龄段黑山羊粪便样品中的隐孢子虫的感染状况、种类以及遗传进化关系。结果发现,黑山羊存在隐孢子虫感染,感染率为14%(15/107)。序列比对分析表明,7份阳性样品为牛隐孢子虫(C.bovis)感染,6份为肖氏隐孢子虫(C.xiaoi)感染,2份为C.bovis和C.xiaoi混合感染。系统进化树显示9个分离株与C.bovis位于同一分支,而与C.xiao位于同1个分支的有8个分离株。结果为陕北黑山羊乃至其他山羊的隐孢子虫病分子流行病学研究及防控提供了理论基础。     

西藏林芝地区不同养殖模式藏猪肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

藏猪是西藏特有的高原型猪种,肠道寄生虫感染是影响藏猪养殖经济效益的重要因素之一。为了解西藏藏猪肠道寄生虫感染情况,从西藏林芝地区采集放牧养殖模式和养殖场散养模式藏猪粪便样品共715份,采用卢戈氏碘液法和饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法并镜检观察。结果显示:藏猪肠道寄生虫总感染率为64.34%(460/715),检出的5种寄生虫感染率分别为:球虫20.42%(146/715)、圆线虫16.92%(121/715)、鞭虫1.54%(11/715)、阿米巴原虫37.90%(271/715)和蛔虫23.08%(165/725)。放牧养殖模式寄生虫感染率为90.10%(91/101),高于养殖场散养模式的60.10%(369/614),且放牧养殖模式和养殖场散养模式藏猪感染的优势虫种分别是球虫和阿米巴、阿米巴和蛔虫。调查结果表明养殖场散养模式有助于藏猪肠道寄生虫的防控,但仍然要加强对藏猪肠道寄生虫的诊断和防治。     

泰州地区猪肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

为了解泰州地区猪肠道寄生虫感染情况,共采集泰州3个地区(泰兴、姜堰、兴化)1206份猪新鲜粪便样品,通过饱和食盐水漂浮法、饱和蔗糖液漂浮法进行检测。结果:阳性粪便数为327份,占总调查粪便样品数的27.1%;小型猪场感染率为50.1%(236/471),规模化猪场感染率为12.4%(91/735)。泰州地区共检测到7种肠道寄生虫,分别是蛔虫、毛尾线虫、球虫、小袋纤毛虫、隐孢子虫、食道口线虫、类圆线虫,其中,泰兴地区7种寄生虫感染率分别是6.2%、2.7%、6.2%、7.2%、8.7%、2.5%、1.0%;姜堰地区7种寄生虫感染率分别是8.3%、0.7%、5.6%、7.8%、5.4%、1.5%、0.5%;兴化地区7种寄生虫感染率分别是2.8%、0.5%、8.8%、9.1%、3.3%、1.0%、0%。结果表明:小型猪场感染率比规模化猪场高;小型猪场蛔虫、球虫、小袋纤毛虫、隐孢子虫感染率较高;规模化猪场球虫、小袋纤毛虫、隐孢子虫等原虫感染率较高。     

开封地区奶牛肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

为了解开封地区奶牛肠道寄生虫感染情况,采用离心沉淀法、卢戈氏碘液染色法和饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法对4个奶牛养殖场和5个奶牛养殖小区共622份新鲜粪便样本进行检查。共检出7种肠道寄生虫,总感染率为41.6%,以球虫为主要感染虫种,感染率33.4%,贾第虫、隐孢子虫、环孢子虫、食道口线虫、鞭虫和莫尼茨绦虫感染率分别为3.4%、8.4%、0.3%、0.8%、0.6%和0.3%。结果分析显示,不同调查点奶牛肠道寄生虫感染率统计学差异极显著(P<0.01);不同年龄段奶牛肠道寄生虫感染率统计学差异极显著(P<0.01);不同饲养条件下奶牛肠道寄生虫感染率统计学差异极显著(P<0.01)。     

印度西孟加拉奶牛隐孢子虫人畜共患传播的分子特性及评估

过去很少开展印度奶牛隐孢子虫遗传多样性和在人畜共患潜力方面的研究。为了评估奶牛作为人感染隐孢子虫传染源的重要性,从印度西孟加拉2个奶牛场采集180头奶牛和50位养殖工人的粪样,用PCR方法扩增隐孢子虫DNA序列,通过PCR-RFLP分析进行隐孢子虫18S rRNA基因分型。对本试验扩增的DNA序列和GenBank公布的相关序列进行系统发育分析。青年奶牛的隐孢子虫感染率高于成年奶牛的感染率,总感染率为11.7%。微细隐孢子虫、牛隐孢子虫等在牛上的发生率呈年龄相关。在1份小牛样品中检测到了猪隐孢子虫基因型DNA。养殖场工人感染了人隐孢子虫、微细隐孢子虫和新型牛隐孢子虫。试验结果表明,印度奶牛场存在人和奶牛之间传播隐孢子虫的潜在风险。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.