非特异性卵黄抗体对雏鸡生长性能、免疫机能及微生物数量的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加非特异性卵黄抗体（IgY）对雏鸡生长性能、免疫机能及微生物数量的影响,为IgY作为饲料添加剂在畜禽饲料中的应用提供理论依据。选取同一批出雏、体重接近的1日龄罗曼褐公雏240只,随机分为2组（对照组和试验组）,每组6个重复,每个重复20只雏鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加0.1%非特异性IgY,试验期6周。每周末称重,在6周龄末从每个重复选取接近该重复平均体重的试验鸡2只屠宰,测定其消化器官的发育、相关免疫指标及肠道微生物数量。结果发现,与对照组相比,日粮中添加非特异性IgY显著提高了1和5周龄雏鸡体重（P < 0.05）;显著提高了雏鸡腺胃重、脾脏重、血清白细胞介素-2、空肠食糜分泌型免疫球蛋白A（sIgA）含量（P < 0.05）;显著提高了盲肠乳酸杆菌数量（P < 0.05）。以上结果表明,雏鸡日粮中添加非特异性IgY可以促进雏鸡的生长和消化器官发育,提高机体的免疫机能,促进肠道有益菌生长。     

卵黄免疫球蛋白对雏鸡生长性能和免疫机能的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加卵黄免疫球蛋白(IgY)对雏鸡生长性能和免疫机能的影响。选取同一批出雏、体重相近的1日龄罗曼褐蛋鸡公雏240只,随机分为2组(对照组和试验组),每组6个重复,每个重复20只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在对照组饲粮基础上添加0.1%的IgY。试验期5周。分别于1、3、5周龄,每个重复选取接近该重复平均体重的试验鸡2只,称重、采血并用于血清免疫指标测定,然后取免疫器官、空肠食糜用于相关指标测定。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验组1、3、5周龄雏鸡平均日增重有增大的趋势(0.05P0.10)。2)试验组1、5周龄雏鸡胸腺相对重和1周龄脾脏相对重显著高于对照组(P0.05),试验组1、5周龄雏鸡法氏囊、脾脏、胸腺中IgY含量与对照组差异均不显著(P0.05)。3)试验组1周龄雏鸡血清球蛋白、α-干扰素、白细胞介素-2含量和溶菌酶活性,3周龄雏鸡血清总蛋白、球蛋白和白细胞介素-2含量,5周龄雏鸡血液淋巴细胞数量均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。4)试验组1周龄雏鸡肠道食糜中分泌型免疫球蛋白A含量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。由此可知,雏鸡饲粮中添加IgY可以促进雏鸡1~5周龄生长性能和免疫机能的提高,但从提高免疫机能的角度看,育雏前期(1~3周龄)的作用效果更为明显。     

Effect of higher levels of dietary selenium on production performance and immune responses in growing Japanese quail

1. The effect of increasing dietary selenium (Se) on production performance and immune responses in growing (0 to 6 weeks) Japanese quail was investigated. 2. One-day-old chicks (240) were randomly selected and divided into 12 groups with 20 chicks in each group (3 dietary treatments x 4 replicates). The basal diet contained 0.2 mg Se/kg and the two experimental diets were supplemented with 0.5 and 1.0 mg Se/kg. 3. Body weight gain, food intake and food conversion ratio and mortality were not affected by Se supplementation. 4. On d 28, antibody responses to inoculated sheep red blood cells were determined. Antibody titres were significantly higher after feeding the two Se-supplemented diets. 5. During week 4, the response to intradermally injected phytohaemagglutinin, an index of the in vivo cell-mediated immune response, was shown to be increased in the groups fed on the Se-supplemented diets. 6. After 6 weeks, the relative weights of the bursa of Fabricius and thymus were greater in the chicks given the Se-supplemented diets but there was no effect on the relative weight of spleen and liver. 7. It is concluded that supplementing the diet with Se has a beneficial effect on immune responses but does not affect production performance in growing Japanese quail.     

Effect of a prebiotic on performance of partridge

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of a prebiotic on performance of partridge. The experiment was carried out with a total of eighty‐day‐old male Chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar chukar) chicks in a completely randomized design. The dietary treatments consisted of a control and an experimental treatment, and each treatment was replicated four times with 10 chicks per replicate. The experimental period lasted 16 weeks with a starter period (0–8 weeks) and a grower period (9–16 weeks). The control group was fed the basal diet, while the experimental group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.18% prebiotic Aspergillus meal in each period. Performance parameters included body weight gain, cumulative feed consumption and cumulative FCR and were recorded at biweekly intervals. Carcass characteristics and blood parameters were measured at the end of the experiment (week 16). Although the results showed that prebiotic had no significant effect on body weight gain and cumulative feed conversion ratio; however, the supplementation of Aspergillus meal significantly (p < 0.05) decreased cumulative feed consumption. Also prebiotic significantly increased percentages of breast and gastrointestinal tract, decreased percentage of back‐neck, decreased blood triglyceride and total cholesterol content and increased blood calcium content. From this study, it was concluded that dietary supplementation of 0.18% Aspergillus meal might offer beneficial effects on partridge feed consumption, carcass quality and blood cholesterol.     

合生素对肉仔鸡免疫器官指数的影响

为探讨合生素对肉仔鸡免疫器官指数的影响,选取1日龄肉仔鸡280只进行试验,按体重随机分成7个组(每组5个重复,每个重复8只鸡)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂在基础日粮中分别添加合生素Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ及其添加水平0.2%和0.3%,试验期42 d。结果表明,合生素的添加显著降低了(P<0.05)肉仔鸡的脾脏和法氏囊免疫器官指数,也使胸腺免疫器官指数呈下降的趋势,但肉仔鸡的生长、健康状况均处于良好的发展状态。结果提示合生素能增强肉仔鸡免疫与抗应激能力。     

浓缩大豆磷脂对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

本试验采用单因子随机化设计,将225只艾维菌肉仔鸡随机分为5个处理组,每个处理组设3个重复,每个重复15只鸡,以玉米-豆粕型日粮为基础日粮,饲喂处理1设为空白对照组;处理2添加猪油,设为猪油对照组;处理3、4、5分别添加低、中、高水平的浓缩大豆磷脂,为试验组.在0～3周龄猪油以2%,浓缩大豆磷脂分别以2%、3%、4%;在4～6周龄猪油以3%,浓缩大豆磷脂分别以3%、4%、5%添加到基础日粮中以替代相同比例的玉米,蛋白质水平维持不变.研究添加猪油和不同水平的浓缩大豆磷脂对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响,并对其作用机理进行了初步探讨.结果表明:在0～3周龄时,中、高水平试验组极显著地提高了采食量(P<0.01);在4～6周龄时,中水平试验组具有较大的采食量,但高水平试验组采食量有所下降;从全期来看,猪油对采食量影响不大;在0～3周龄,中、高水平试验组极显著地提高了增重(P<0.01),而且在此阶段添加油脂显著提高了饲料转化率(P<0.05);在4～6周龄时,添加油脂极显著提高了增重和饲料转化率(P<0.01);从全期来看,添加油脂可以提高增重与饲料转化率,且在0～3周龄时浓缩大豆磷脂优于猪油.     

Dietary supplementation of phenyllactic acid on growth performance,immune response,cecal microbial population,and meat quality attributes of broiler chickens

A total of 750 one-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly fed 5 dietary treatments with 5 replicate pens per treatment. The 5 dietary treatments fed for 42 d were a corn-soybean meal basal diet without antibiotic (control); a mixture of 10 ppm of avilamycin + 60 ppm of salinomycin as antibiotic growth promoters (AGP); 0.1% phenyllactic acid (PLA); 0.2% PLA; and 0.4% PLA. The BW gain and FE were significantly improved in AGP and PLA groups compared with control group. The white blood cells and heterophil counts were significantly higher in the PLA-supplemented groups compared with AGP and control groups, but the heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was lower in the control group than other groups. The plasma IgY concentration was significantly increased in birds fed PLA-supplemented diets, but the plasma IgA and IgM concentrations were not different among the treatment groups. In addition, the antibody titer against Newcastle disease virus was significantly higher in PLA-treated compared with control and AGP-treated groups. Neither PLA nor AGP treatments affected the cecal aerobes andSalmonella content; however, cecalLactobacillus population increased in chickens fed 0.1% PLA, and total coliform bacteria population significantly decreased in chickens fed various levels of PLA and AGP. Dietary supplementation of PLA did not affect the pH, lightness, and redness of breast meat, but the water-holding capacity and shear force value increased and the yellowness decreased significantly when birds were fed PLA. It was concluded that dietary supplementation of 0.1 and 0.2% PLA improves BW gain and FE of broiler chickens. In addition, PLA supplementation increases the immune characteristics and the number of lactic acid bacteria, decreases the number of coliform bacteria, and improves the meat quality attributes of broiler chickens. Thus, dietary PLA could be a viable alternative to antibiotics in broiler diets.     

枣多糖对免疫抑制蛋雏鸡生长性能和免疫指标的影响

为探究金丝小枣多糖（ZJP）对免疫抑制蛋雏鸡生长性能和免疫指标的影响，本试验将900只健康且体重相近的1日龄京红1号蛋鸡随机分为6组，每组6个重复，每个重复25只鸡。Ⅰ组为空白对照组，饲喂基础饲粮；Ⅱ~Ⅵ组在7~9日龄时注射100 mg/kg体重的环磷酰胺，每天1次，建立免疫抑制模型，并分别在基础饲粮中加入600 mg/kg黄芪多糖（APS）及0、400、800和1 600 mg/kg ZJP。试验期为6周。结果显示，ZJP可在不同程度上显著缓解环磷酰胺导致的42日龄体重、22~42和1~42日龄的平均日增重、胸腺和法氏囊指数、聚合免疫球蛋白受体、分泌型免疫球蛋白A （sIgA）及血清中免疫球蛋白A （IgA）和IgG的降低及22~42日龄料重比（F/G）的升高，并且料重比、IgA和IgG达到了APS组的水平。由此得出，在本试验条件下，在基础饲粮中添加适宜水平的ZJP可不同程度改善环磷酰胺所致的生长缓慢和免疫功能低下。     

霉变饲料中添加有机改性蒙脱石对蛋雏鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响

【目的】 探讨在霉变饲料中添加葡甘露聚糖改性蒙脱石和壳聚糖改性蒙脱石对蛋雏鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响。【方法】 将252只8日龄雌性蛋雏鸡随机分为7组,每组6个重复,每个重复6只鸡。第1组饲喂基础饲粮,第2组饲喂霉变饲粮,第3~7组分别饲喂添加0.15%葡甘露聚糖改性蒙脱石、0.15%壳聚糖改性蒙脱石、0.15%高纯纳米蒙脱石、0.15%葡甘露聚糖和0.15%壳聚糖的霉变饲粮,试验期42 d。试验结束后检测各组蛋鸡的生长性能、免疫器官脏器指数、血浆中免疫球蛋白和免疫因子以及脾脏中免疫因子的含量。【结果】 与饲喂基础饲粮组相比,仅饲喂霉变饲粮的蛋雏鸡的平均日增重、血浆和脾脏中白细胞介素-2（IL-2）、白细胞介素-4（IL-4）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）含量以及血浆中免疫球蛋白A （IgA）、免疫球蛋白G （IgG）、免疫球蛋白M （IgM）含量均显著降低（P<0.05）;与饲喂霉变饲粮的蛋雏鸡相比,在霉变饲粮中添加葡甘露聚糖改性蒙脱石和壳聚糖改性蒙脱石均显著提高了蛋雏鸡的平均日增重,降低了料重比（F/G）和免疫器官脏器指数（P<0.05）;显著提升了蛋雏鸡血浆和脾脏中IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IFN-γ以及血浆中IgA、IgG、IgM含量（P<0.05）。【结论】 霉变饲料能导致蛋雏鸡免疫功能下降,而在霉变饲料中添加葡甘露聚糖改性蒙脱石或壳聚糖改性蒙脱石均能缓解霉菌毒素对家禽的毒性作用,提高蛋雏鸡生长性能和增强免疫功能。     

饲粮添加共轭亚油酸对肉仔鸡肠道黏膜免疫反应的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加共轭亚油酸(conjugated linoleic acid,CLA)对肉仔鸡肠道黏膜免疫反应的影响。试验选用72只1日龄健康、体重相近的爱拔益加(AA)雄性肉仔鸡,随机分配到对照组和CLA组,分别饲喂基础饲粮和在基础饲粮中添加1%CLA的饲粮,每组6个重复,每个重复6只鸡。21日龄屠宰取样。结果表明:CLA组肉仔鸡空肠食糜分泌型免疫球蛋白A(secretory immunoglobulin A,SIgA)含量(P<0.01)和空肠SIgA基因mRNA表达水平(P<0.01)均高于对照组;饲粮添加CLA显著提高肉仔鸡空肠过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)基因mRNA表达水平(P<0.01),但转化生长因子β4(transforming growth factor-β4,TGFβ4)基因mRNA表达水平在2组之间没有显著差异(P>0.05);CLA组肉仔鸡Peyer氏结CD8+T细胞亚群百分数(P<0.01)和淋巴细胞转化率(P<0.05)均显著高于对照组。由此可见,饲粮添加1%CLA提高了21日龄肉仔鸡空肠SIgA水平,激活PPARγ可能是CLA调节SIgA表达的途径之一。饲粮添加1%CLA影响21日龄肉仔鸡空肠黏膜细胞免疫功能。     

维生素K_3对五龙鹅生长性能、屠宰性能及养分表观利用率的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中维生素K3添加水平对五龙鹅生长性能、屠宰性能及养分表观利用率的影响。试验分为2个阶段。1~4周龄阶段,选用1日龄五龙鹅360只,随机分为6个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复10只鹅。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮(维生素K3含量1.23 mg/kg),Ⅱ~Ⅵ组在基础饲粮中分别添加1、2、4、8、16 mg/kg的维生素K3。5~16周龄阶段,选用28日龄五龙鹅324只,随机分为6个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复9只鹅。A组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮(维生素K3含量1.18 mg/kg),B~F组在基础饲粮中分别添加2、4、8、16、32 mg/kg的维生素K3。试验期16周。结果表明:1)经回归分析得出,1~4周龄阶段五龙鹅饲粮中添加4.81 mg/kg维生素K3,平均日增重最大;5~16周龄阶段饲粮中添加11.59 mg/kg维生素K3,平均日增重最大。2)与对照组相比,1~4周龄阶段,饲粮中添加4 mg/kg维生素K3能显著或极显著提高鹅的全净膛率和腹脂率(P0.05或P0.01);5~16周龄阶段,饲粮中添加8 mg/kg维生素K3能显著或极显著提高屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率和腿肌率(P0.05或P0.01)。3)与对照组相比,5~16周龄阶段,饲粮中添加8 mg/kg维生素K3能极显著提高钙的表观利用率(P0.01),显著提高干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和磷的表观利用率(P0.05)。由此可见,本试验条件下,1~4周龄和5~16周龄五龙鹅饲粮中维生素K3适宜添加水平分别为4.81和11.59 mg/kg。     

饲粮锌水平对笼养蛋雏鸭生长性能、抗氧化功能及免疫器官发育的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮锌水平对笼养蛋雏鸭生长性能、抗氧化功能及免疫器官发育的影响.试验采用单因素完全随机分组设计,选择健康1日龄金定蛋雏鸭180只,随机分成5组,每组6个重复,每个重复6只鸭.对照组(Ⅰ组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组(Ⅱ～Ⅴ组)分别饲喂在玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮中添加20、40、60、80 mg/kg锌(ZnSO4·7H2O)的试验饲粮.试验期4周.结果表明:1)Ⅲ、Ⅳ组蛋雏鸭的料重比和Ⅲ组的平均日增重显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),雏鸭平均日增重、料重比随饲粮锌水平的增加呈明显的二次曲线变化,以此为指标估测的锌适宜添加水平分别是50.4和54.7 mg/kg;2)Ⅲ组血清和肝脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、血清铜锌超氧化物歧化酶( CuZn-SOD)活性、肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量、肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性与对照组相比差异显著(P＜0.05),估测的锌适宜添加水平分别是44.6、47.8、55.7、43.4、54.2 mg/kg,而血清MDA含量、血清GSH-Px活性和肝脏CuZn-SOD活性与对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05);3)Ⅲ组胸腺指数、脾脏指数、法氏囊指数均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).由此可见,蛋雏鸭采食玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮(含锌33.3 mg/kg)时,锌的适宜添加水平为55.7 mg/kg.     

葡多酚对肉鸡生产性能和免疫机能的影响

试验旨在探讨日粮中葡多酚对肉鸡生产性能和免疫机能的影响。选用1日龄健康爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡公雏鸡240只,随机分配到对照组及试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组4个处理组中,空白对照组饲喂基础日粮(不含葡多酚),试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加葡多酚7.5、15、22.5 mg/kg,试验期42 d。结果表明,在0~3周龄,试验Ⅲ组采食量最高,生长速度较快;在3~6和0~6周龄,试验Ⅰ组日增重和饲料效率最佳,而试验Ⅱ组略低于对照组。葡多酚对肉仔鸡的免疫器官发育无显著影响,7.5 mg/kg葡多酚有增加肉仔鸡外周血中CD3⁺、CD8⁺、αβ和γδ T细胞数量的潜力。因此,肉仔鸡日粮中添加适量葡多酚可促进生长,调节免疫机能。     

银杏防御素对仔猪生长性能及免疫指标的影响

本试验旨在通过在断奶仔猪饲粮中添加银杏防御素,研究其对仔猪生长性能及免疫指标的影响,以期为生产上提供安全、环保、高效的绿色饲料添加剂.试验选择断奶后体重约为7 kg的“杜×长×大”仔猪120头,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组5个重复,每个重复12头猪.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.2％银杏防御素的试验饲粮.试验期21 d.结果显示,与对照组相比,试验组末重提高了8.92％(P ＜0.05),腹泻率极显著降低(P＜0.01),料重比降低了7.27％(P ＜0.05);血清免疫球蛋白G、免疫球蛋白M、免疫球蛋白A含量分别提高了13.03％(P ＜0.05)、12.27％(P ＜0.05)、7.89％(P ＞0.05),血清白蛋白和总蛋白含量分别提高了19.97％(P ＜0.05)和14.97％(P ＜0.05),血液T淋巴细胞转化率提高了8.25％(P ＞0.05),血液白细胞介素2含量提高了15.25％(P ＜0.01).由此可见,银杏防御素可提高仔猪生长性能和免疫指标,降低腹泻率.     

五味子提取物对低脂系肉仔鸡肉质的影响

本试验采用单因子试验设计,将144羽1日龄健康、体重均一的低脂系肉仔鸡随机分为两组,每组6个重复,每个重复12羽。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂添加0.125%五味子提取物组的基础日粮,试验期为8周,研究五味子提取物对低脂系肉仔鸡肉质的影响。结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,五味子提取物组肉仔鸡胸肌纤维密度显著提高,腿肌直径显著降低(P0.05),腿肌纤维密度有升高趋势,胸肌直径有降低趋势;(2)与对照组相比,五味子提取物组胸肌和腿肌的水分、蛋白质与脂肪含量无显著差异(P0.05);(3)五味子提取物显著降低了肉仔鸡胸肌和腿肌剪切力(P0.05),胸肌和腿肌pH、红度(a*)、黄度(b*)有升高趋势(P0.05),滴水损失和蒸煮损失有降低趋势(P0.05)。     

Effect of Astragalus Polysaccharin on Growth Performance，Intestinal Microflora and Immune Function of Immunosuppression Broilers

The aim of this study was to explore the effect of different levels of Astragalus polysaccharin on growth performance,intestinal microflora and immune function of immunosuppression broilers.A total of 180 fast large yellow feather chickens with similar weight were randomly divided into 4 groups,with 3 replicates of 15 chicks in each replicate,group Ⅰ was fed with basal diet,free drinking water,groupsⅡ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ were add 200 mg/L water soluble florfenicol in the drinking water,medication for 6 days,then group Ⅱ was fed a basal diet,groups Ⅲ,Ⅳ were fed with basal diet supplemented with 500 and 1000 mg/kg Astragalus polysaccharin,respectively.The pre-trial period lasted for 7 days,and the experiment lasted for 35 days.The results showed that compared with group Ⅱ,groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ was significantly improved the growth performance of immunosuppression broilers （P＜0.05）,enhanced the number of beneficial bacteria （Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium） in the gastrointestinal tract of immunosuppression broilers （P＜0.05）,reduced the number of harmful bacteria （Escherichia coli and Salmonella） in the gastrointestinal tract of immunosuppression broilers （P＜0.05）,improved the immune organs index and Newcastle disease antibody titer of immunosuppression broilers （P＜0.05）,decreased the serum contents of IL-10 and IFN-γ of immunosuppression broilers （P＜0.05）.In conclusion,adding 500 and 1000 mg/kg Astragalus polysaccharin in diet could eliminate immunosuppression effect of florfenicol test,improve the growth performance,adjust the intestinal micro ecological balance and ennhance the immune function of broilers.     

益生菌对蛋鸡早期生长、饲粮养分利用和肠道菌群的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加益生菌对蛋鸡早期生长、饲粮养分利用和肠道菌群的影响。选用540只体重相近且健康的1日龄罗曼褐壳蛋鸡公雏,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复30只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组饲喂添加0.1 g/kg杆菌肽锌预混剂的基础饲粮,益生菌组饲喂添加1 g/kg益生菌制剂的基础饲粮。试验期70 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,益生菌组和抗生素组70日龄体重均显著提高(P0.05),且2组间无显著差异(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,益生菌组饲粮粗蛋白质的表观利用率提高了8.7%(P=0.054),钙的表观利用率提高了22.96%(P0.05);抗生素组饲粮能量的表观利用率显著提高(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,益生菌组试验鸡盲肠中微生物菌群的种类数和有益菌丰度均有提高,有害菌丰度有所降低;抗生素组试验鸡的盲肠有害菌丰度降低,但盲肠微生物的丰富度和有益菌丰度也同时降低。由此看出,饲粮中添加益生菌可促进蛋鸡早期的生长,提高营养物质的利用率,改善肠道菌群结构,提高机体生理健康状况,而且益生菌比抗生素更有益于肠道健康。     

海洋红酵母菌和枯草芽孢杆菌对蛋雏鸡生长性能、肠道形态和免疫功能的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中单独或联合添加益生菌对蛋雏鸡生长性能、肠道形态和免疫功能的影响。选用396只1日龄海兰褐蛋雏鸡,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复33只,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加1×10^8 CFU/kg海洋红酵母菌、1×10^10 CFU/kg枯草芽孢杆菌和复合益生菌(1×10^8 CFU/kg海洋红酵母菌+1×10^10CFU/kg枯草芽孢杆菌)。试验期28d。结果表明:与对照组比,添加复合益生菌能提高蛋雏鸡15~28和1~28日龄的平均日增重并降低15~28日龄的耗料增重比(P<0.05);复合益生菌组蛋雏鸡十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度及绒腺比提高(P<0.05);复合益生菌组蛋雏鸡血清IgA、IgG含量提高(P<0.05);复合益生菌组空肠IL-4、IL-6 mRNA相对表达量提高(P<0.05),海洋红酵母菌组空肠IL-4mRNA相对表达量提高(P<0.05),枯草芽孢杆菌组空肠IL-6mRNA相对表达量提高(P<0.05)。综上,饲粮中添加复合益生菌可有效提高蛋雏鸡的生长性能、改善肠道形态,并增强免疫功能。     

包被肉桂油对1~21日龄肉鸡生长性能和回肠微生物区系的影响

为进一步探究肉桂油的应用效果,本试验在前期研究基础上探讨了饲粮中添加300 mg/kg包被肉桂油对肉鸡回肠菌群多样性和组成的影响。试验采用单因素设计,将132只1日龄科宝500肉鸡随机分成对照组和试验组,每个处理组6个重复,每个重复11只鸡（5只公鸡,6只母鸡）。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲粮在基础饲粮中添加300 mg/kg包被肉桂油,试验期为21 d。结果显示,饲粮中添加300 mg/kg包被肉桂油对1~21日龄肉鸡生长性能无显著影响（P>0.05）。与对照组相比,试验组肉鸡21日龄回肠微生物的Shannon指数和Sobs指数显著增加（P<0.05）,Simpson指数显著降低（P<0.05）。两组回肠微生物共有的OTU数为133个,对照组和试验组独有的OTU数分别为4和135个。ANOSIM分析显示,肉鸡回肠微生物的组间差异大于组内差异（R=0.4896）且差异显著（P<0.05）。试验组回肠链球菌属相对丰度显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;两组回肠其他属细菌丰度差异均不显著（P>0.05）。综上所述,饲粮中添加300 mg/kg包被肉桂油有利于增加21日龄肉鸡回肠微生物多样性,降低链球菌属细菌的相对丰度。     

碘对1~4周龄五龙鹅生长性能、屠宰性能和血清抗氧化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮碘添加水平对1~4周龄五龙鹅生长性能、屠宰性能和血清抗氧化指标的影响,以确定五龙鹅饲粮中碘的适宜添加水平。试验选用1日龄五龙鹅216只,随机分为6个组,每组3个重复,每个重复12只。Ⅰ组(对照组)饲喂基础饲粮,Ⅱ~Ⅵ组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6、3.2 mg/kg碘的试验饲粮。试验期为4周。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮添加0.4 mg/kg碘能显著提高鹅的平均日增重和平均日采食量(P0.05),显著降低料重比(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮添加0.4 mg/kg碘极显著提高了半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率(P0.01),显著提高了屠宰率、腿肌率(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,饲粮添加0.4 mg/kg碘极显著提高了血清总抗氧化能力及总超氧化物歧化酶活性(P0.01),显著提高了血清过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性(P0.05),显著降低了血清丙二醛含量(P0.05)。由此可见,本试验条件下,饲粮中添加适宜水平的碘对1~4周龄五龙鹅生长性能、屠宰性能和血清抗氧化指标有显著影响。五龙鹅饲粮中碘的适宜添加水平为0.4 mg/kg。