1例母猪衣原体病的诊断与防控

衣原体病是由鹦鹉热衣原体引起人和畜、禽共患的一种传染病。本文介绍了母猪衣原体病的发病情况及临床症状、病理变化、诊断、防控措施等。     

宁夏地区部分规模化奶牛场衣原体和布病的血清学调查

衣原体病是由鹦鹉热衣原体引起的各种畜禽及人类共患的传染病。牛衣原体病是由鹦鹉热衣原体（Chlamydia psittaci）感染牛引起的一种多症状性传染病,主要表现为妊娠母牛流产、死产和产弱犊;新生牛多发生肺炎、肠炎、多发性关节炎、脑炎和结膜炎;种公牛发生睾丸炎等。     

禽衣原体病综述

动物衣原体病主要是由鹦鹉热衣原体感染引起的一种人兽共患传染病。国际兽疫局(OIE)将此病列为二类传染病。衣原体属共包括4个种,即沙眼衣原体、鹦鹉热衣原体、肺炎衣原体和反刍动物衣原体。各种衣原体分别引起不同征候群的衣原体病。     

规模养猪场猪衣原体病的血清学调查

动物衣原体病是由鹦鹉热衣原体引起的一种人畜共患传染病。衣原体病的病原体是衣原体科衣原体属的鹦鹉热衣原体和沙眼衣原体,它能引起多种动物和人的三十多种传染病。猪衣原体病主要表现为妊娠母猪流产、死产及产弱仔。新生仔猪发生肺炎、肠炎、关节炎、结膜炎和脑炎。给养殖业带来很大的经济损失,并且危害人类的健康。几年来,铁岭市发展集约化养殖业速度之快,引进猪源之多,出现流产、早产等症状的猪群增加。为了掌握基本情况,查清铁岭市猪衣原体的感染状况和流行趋势,工作人员于2003年对部分猪场应用间接血凝试验(IHA)进行了血清学调查,结果报告如下。     

猪衣原体病的研究进展

猪衣原体病是由衣原体引起的猪的一种接触性传染性病,在我国猪衣原体也叫鹦鹉热或称鸟疫,是由鹦鹉热衣原体所引起猪的一种接触性人畜共患性传染病。它引起猪肺炎、肠炎、心包炎、关节炎、睾丸炎、子宫感染和流产等多种病型。常因菌株毒理、猪性别、年龄、生理状况和环境因素的变化而出现不同症候群。本文从猪衣原体的病原学、分子生物学、发病机理、诊断方法等多方面探讨对猪衣原体病的研究。     

猪衣原体病诊断的技术措施

猪衣原体病主要是由鹦鹉热衣原体及反刍动物衣原体引起的一种传染病。临床上主要表现为母猪流产、公猪睾丸炎以及仔猪肺炎、胸膜炎、心包炎、脑膜脑炎和结膜炎等症状,给养猪生产带来严重损害。开展猪衣原体流行病学调查、病原生物学、临床症状、病理变化及衣原体关键检测技术研究能为衣原体病的有效防治奠定基础。     

禽衣原体病综述

动物衣原全病主要是由鹦鹉热衣原体感染引起的一种人兽共患传染病。国际兽疫局(OIE)将此病列为二类传染病。衣原体属共包括4个种，即沙眼衣原体、鹦鹉热衣原体、肺炎衣原体和反刍动物衣原体。各种农原体分别引起不同征候群的衣原体病。     

衣原体病的防控

衣原体病是一种由衣原体所引起的人畜共患病,多种动物和人均易感,该病分布于世界各地,已成为一个重要的公共卫生问题。对衣原体病的病原、流行病学特点、临诊症状、病理变化、诊断及防控措施作一介绍,以期为有效防控该病提供参考。     

浅谈鸭衣原体病的防治措施

鸭衣原体病是由鹦鹉衣原体引起的一种传染病,也可感染人。在自然条件下,野鸟特别是鹦鹉对本病最为敏感,故衣原体病又称为“鹦鹉热”,鹦鹉衣原体可感染17种哺乳动物和130多种禽类,在鹦鹉类禽鸟能引起鹦鹉病;在鸭、鸽、火鸡、鸡以及其他非鹦鹉类禽鸟能引起鸟疫。该病原传播不依赖节肢动物为媒介,而是随患病动物分泌物、排泄物等排出体外,污染饲料、饮水等,     

羊衣原体病及其防治

<正>羊衣原体病是由鹦鹉热衣原体引起的一种亚急性传染性疾病。根据临床症状羊衣原体病可分为流产型、关节炎型及结膜炎型等3种类型[1]。其病原鹦鹉热衣原体是一类不同于细菌和病毒的独特微生物,可感染山羊、绵羊、牛、猪等多种动物,人也可感染发病,因此羊衣原体病对公共卫生也有严重的威胁。随着牛羊养殖的迅速发展,羊衣原体病发病率日益升高,感染羊长期带毒,且无明显症状,对畜牧业形成了重大威胁,不仅造成了巨大的经济损失,而且对人类的身体健康造成严重的危     

Evaluation of different laboratory methods for diagnosis of pig chlamydiosis in Lithuania

Pig chlamydiosis is antrophozoonosis caused by Chlamydophila abortus. Chlamydias (C type) are widely found in nature and can infect humans, domestic and wild mammals, and 139 types of birds. The peculiar feature of chlamydias is the tropism to different tissues, organs and organisms. In 2502 pig blood sera tests from Lithuanian farms, anti-chlamydia complement binding (CB) antibodies were detected in 192 cases (7.7%). Serological tests showed the following (C type) chlamydia bearing regions: 22.0% Mazeikiai district, 17.2%--Kaisiadorys district, 13.5%--Panevezys district, 12.3%--Vilkaviskis district. Rare incidence of the disease was found in Siauliai district 1,2% and Klaipeda district 2.5% farms. The highest antibody titers in blood serum tests were found in Joint Stock Company (JSC) "Krekenava" and "Vejine", i.e. 1:128 and 1:64, respectively. The following methods for the study of pig chlamydiosis were used and comparatively evaluated: complement binding reaction (CBR), direct immunofluorescence (DIF), imunoenzyme assay (IEA), indirect immunofluorescense (IIF), micro immunofluorescense (MIF), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cell culture (CC) test. PCR method was found to be more sensitive and reliable compared to imunoenzyme assay, but the latter is more economic especially for screaning. In pigs with the clinically expressed symptoms, 108 pigs infected with chlamydia were detected. CB assay revealed the infection rate from 3.4% to 7.9% in piglets, sows and boars. The highest level of chlamydia infection was detected in fatteners (17.6%). Seroepizootic study of pig chlamydiosis revealed the different infection rate in the animals investigated. The highest chlamydia infection risk is in winter (10.4%) and the lowest--in summer (2.8%).     

动物衣原体病疫苗免疫及治疗研究进展

动物衣原体病由衣原体感染引起,发病动物通常出现流产、产死胎或产蛋下降等临床症状。该病在牛、羊、猪、鸡、鸭等畜禽,以及狐狸、鹿等特种经济动物间广泛流行,严重妨碍了动物的健康发展。文章对动物衣原体病目前的防控进行了综述,主要包括疫苗免疫和药物治疗两方面,疫苗免疫是目前动物衣原体病预防的最经济有效的方法,而药物治疗是动物感染衣原体的最佳选择。其中重点阐述了灭活疫苗、减毒活疫苗、DNA疫苗、亚单位疫苗、活载体疫苗等多种疫苗的特性及最新研究进展,药物重点介绍了抗生素及中医药的研究进展,探索了其他药物治疗的前景,并对动物衣原体病的未来防控进行了展望。     

Respiratory disease (rhinotracheitis) in turkeys in Brittany, France, 1981-1982. I. Field observations and serology

During the summer of 1981, a respiratory disease epidemic occurred in turkeys in Brittany, France. Since this initial epizootic, which lasted through fall, epizootic waves similar to the initial one have occurred at approximately 6-month intervals, with smaller peaks at 2-month intervals. The epidemiology, clinical signs, and postmortem findings were highly suggestive of an epizootic of chlamydiosis. Serological tests for chlamydia, paramyxoviruses, avian influenza, adenovirus 127, mycoplasma, and Alcaligenes faecalis were conducted. The chlamydia tests were the only ones consistently positive.     

Compendium of measures to control Chlamydophila psittaci (formerly Chlamydia psittaci) infection among humans (psittacosis) and pet birds, 2005

Psittacosis, also known as parrot fever and ornithosis, is a bacterial infection of humans that can cause severe pneumonia and other serious health problems. It is caused by Chlamydophila psittaci, formerly known as Chlamydia psittaci. From 1988 through 2003, 935 human cases of psittacosis were reported to the CDC and most resulted from exposure to infected pet birds, usually cockatiels, parakeets, parrots, and macaws. In birds, C. psittaci infection is referred to as avian chlamydiosis. Infected birds shed the bacteria through feces and nasal discharges, and humans become infected from exposure to these materials. This compendium provides information about psittacosis and avian chlamydiosis to public health officials, physicians, veterinarians, the pet bird industry, and others concerned with controlling these diseases and protecting public health. The recommendations in this compendium provide standardized procedures for controlling avian chlamydiosis in birds, a vital step to protecting human health. This document will be reviewed and revised as necessary.     

Identification of Chlamydophila pneumoniae in an emerald tree boa, Corallus caninus.

Tissues were evaluated from emerald tree boas, Corallus caninus, from a collection in which chlamydiosis was diagnosed. To determine the strain of chlamydia infecting these snakes, tissue samples from 5 frozen snakes were tested by a quantitative TaqMan polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and a PCR sequence analysis test. Of the 22 samples tested, 9 were categorized as either positive or weakly positive with the TaqMan test, and 6 yielded an amplicon using a serial PCR test that amplified a portion of the 23S ribosomal RNA gene. A PCR product suitable for sequencing was obtained from the heart of one of the snakes. Sequence analysis showed that the snake had been infected with Chlamydophila pneumoniae. These findings show that C. pneumoniae can infect emerald tree boas, broadening the range of reptiles known to be infected by this primarily human pathogen.     

Chlamydia-induced septic polyarthritis in a dog

A systemic disease associated with pyrexia, lymphadenopathy, and arthropathy of several joints of the appendicular skeleton in a dog is described. Chlamydia-like organisms were detected on light-microscopic examination of a smear made from joint fluid aspirated from one of the affected joints. A group-specific lipopolysaccharide antigen shared by all Chlamydia spp. was demonstrated by direct fluorescent antibody staining of joint fluid, which also proved positive for chlamydia by means of the relevant polymerase chain reaction test. An indirect fluorescent antibody test on serum was also positive, although the complement fixation test was negative. Attempts to grow the organism from joint aspirates in the yolk sac of embryonating hens' eggs and on appropriate tissue cultures, however, failed. Chlamydia spp. are considered to have played an aetiological role in this case, making it the first substantiated case of naturally-occurring arthropathy in a dog due to chlamydiosis. The origin of the infection could not be traced.     

山羊传染性胸膜肺炎继发流产病例的诊断

为对贵州省某规模养羊场临床表现咳嗽、消瘦及流产症状病死山羊进行病因确定性诊断,采用分子生物学方法对病死山羊进行山羊传染性胸膜肺炎(CCPP)病原与山羊流产衣原体核酸检测。结果表明,从病死母羊肺组织中检测到绵羊肺炎支原体(Mo)核酸,未检测到丝状支原体山羊亚种(Mmc)核酸,病死母羊子宫组织中山羊流产衣原体检测均为阴性,病例确诊为CCPP。序列分析显示Mo感染可能与流产症状有关。研究结果将为贵州省预控此类疫病流行暴发提供技术支持。     

Prevalence and epidemiological features of ovine enzootic abortion in Lithuania

The aim of performed study was to determine the level of enzootic abortion (EA) in sheep breeding farms in different districts of Lithuania, to determine differences in clinical signs and infection frequency between various age groups, and to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of complement fixation test for antibodies detection and indirect immunofluorescence for antigen detection in sheep chlamydiosis. The clinical, serological and immunological tests in sheep farms were performed in 2004 and 2005. Comparing different age groups of sheep revealed that the lowest number of infected sheep was registered in animals younger than 18 months (23.1%, antibodies titre 3.191 log2, P<0.05) and highest in animals aged 18 to 24 months (53.8%, antibodies titre 4.224 log2, P<0.001). In sheep aged more than 3 years, titre of antibodies was significantly reduced. The majority of infected sheep which aborted (86.4%) was registered in 18-24 month age group. Furthermore, in sheep which aborted the infection level was 2.5-fold higher as compared to sheep which didn't abort. Analysis of smears from patological material by indirect FAT revealed that 54.5% of animals were positive to Chlamydophila abortus infection. The highest prevalence of chlamydia (66.7%) was registered in placentas of sheep which aborted.     

Zoonotic diseases in psittacine birds: apparent increased occurrence of chlamydiosis (psittacosis), salmonellosis, and giardiasis.

Between September 1977 and November 1978, chlamydiosis (psittacoisis) was diagnosed in 52 of 128 parrots, 5 of 12 cockatiels, 2 of 5 cockatoos, 3 of 6 macaws, 1 of 22 conures, 2 of 18 lovebirds, and 6 of 76 parakeets; 2 lories and 1 lorikeet were chlamydiosis negative. Two cases of human chlamydiosis were associated with two submissions of parrots subsequently found to have active infection. Twenty parrots (including 13 that were chlamydiosis positive), 2 cockatiels, 1 macaw, 1 lorie, and 1 parakeet yielded salmonella organisms, of which 16 were identified as Salmonella typhimurium, 8 as untypeable monophasic salmonellae of serogroup B, and 1 as S arizonae. Three S typhimurium from parrots that had been treated with chlortetracycline for chlamydiosis were resistant to tetracyclines, streptomycin, and sulfonamides; another isolate was found to be resistant to chloramphenicol only. Severe giardiasis was diagnosed in parakeets originating from six aviaries.     

Combined vaccination of live 1B Chlamydophila abortus and killed phase I Coxiella burnetii vaccine does not destroy protection against chlamydiosis in a mouse model

Q fever and chlamydiosis often affect ovine and caprine flocks simultaneously or successively. Combination vaccines effective against these 2 diseases would be of great value in veterinary medicine. Unfortunately, the current effective vaccines are a live vaccine for chlamydiosis and killed vaccine for Q fever. Vaccination of mice with live chlamydiosis vaccine 1B and killed phase I vaccine against Q fever at 2 points on the back at the same time produced good protection against chlamydial abortion. This suggests that it may be possible to vaccinate ewes and goats against chlamydiosis and Q fever simultaneously.