南漳县牛品种改良整体推进试点的实践与思考

牛品种改良是养牛业发展的前提。为了探索牛品改整体推进经验,提高湖北省牛产业发展水平,2013年湖北省畜牧兽医局在南漳县进行牛品改整体推进试点。南漳县按照省局整体推进试点县实施方案的要求,结合本地实际,大力推进牛品改工作,取得了初步成效,摸索出了部分经验,同时在推进过程中也总结出了存在的困难和问题,为推进全省牛品改工作做出了有效探索和实践。     

试析牛冻配改良工作存在的问题与对策

湖北省牛冻精配种进行牛杂交改良工作在20世纪70年代初就已起步，曾经在全国处于领先水平。但是多年来．牛品改工作一直处于低水平发展阶段，难有大的突破。进入21世纪以来，牛品改工作总体处于下滑趋势．牛品改事业举步维艰。为继续推动我省牛品改工作。笔者在这方面作了一些探索，提出一些改进意见，供同行参考。     

浅谈柳州市牛品种杂交改良现状与发展建议

牛的品种杂交改良(简称牛品改)即采用良种公牛精液(或良种公牛)与本地牛杂交配种,产生杂种牛。杂交产生的后代,在生产性能如产肉、产奶等均比本地牛有明显提高。从2000年起,柳州市大力开展牛的品种改良工作以来取得很大的成绩,建成了较为完善的牛品改服务网络,建立了一支较为稳定的牛品改队伍。牛品改履盖面达80     

谷城县牛品改工作现状、问题和思考

谷城县是省畜牧兽医局牛品改责任状管理县。2009年全县牛存栏13.07万头,其中能繁母牛4.98万头。近年来,谷城积极探索牛品改工作新路子,取得了可喜成绩:(1)加大资金投入力度,完善牛品改罐点建设。建成牛品改罐点13个,输配点18个,冻配牛5100头(其中黄牛4252头、水牛848头),牛冻配业务覆盖到230个村,冻配牛平均受胎率73%、产犊成活率90%;(2)加大便民服务力度,采取一罐多架、移动架等增架不增人和设备的办法,促进授配点在农村运动、在规模养殖场扎根;(3)加大技术推广力度,先后与64家规模牛场建立直接服务模式,指导养殖场实施秸秆氨化处理,肉牛高效育肥措施,促进科技贡献率提升。但同时也存在许多亟待解决的问题:(1)政府重视程度下降;(2)经费缺乏,还有许多需要建设牛品改罐点的地方无力建设,由于经费欠缺,使宣传工作不能到位,更多的群众不能认识到改良牛的价值,使优良品种黄牛、水牛优势得不到体现,影响了产业的发展;(3)山区条件限制牛品改工作的开展;(4)牛品改工作缺乏项目支持。对策和建议:(1)加强组织领导,落实品改经费;(2)规范罐点建设,加强冻配管理;(3)加强品改队伍和制度建设;(4)加大宣传力度;(5)依法加大对全县种公牛的处理力度;(6)建立奖励、激励机制。     

岑溪市牛品改及养牛经验浅谈

<正>从2000年到现在,岑溪市开展牛品改工作,对在全市范围各个乡镇逐渐推广牛品改技术,每个乡镇兽医站派人参加由广西大学动物科学技术学院专家在岑溪或梧州的讲课,培养具有过硬专业技术水平的牛品改技术员,逐步由设点乡镇归义镇、大业镇等向全市14个乡镇开展牛品改工作,对黄牛采用利木赞、西门塔尔公牛精液;水牛用尼里/拉菲公牛精液进行配种。产生的下一代杂种黄牛、水牛     

武宣县水牛品种改良工作报告

<正>近年来,武宣县的水牛品种改良工作在有关部门的大力支持和帮助下,总结多年工作经验,牛品改工作实现了市场化、操作规范化和配种人员职业化,使牛品改取得了前所末有的突出成绩。现将     

新化县肉牛冷配工作的调查与思考

肉牛品种改良是肉牛产业稳步发展的基石,影响着肉牛养殖效益和优质架子牛源的供应,决定着肉牛产业的可持续发展。作者通过对新化县肉牛冷配工作的调查,挖掘新化县肉牛品改工作的典型经验,剖析肉牛品改工作中存在的主要问题,总结和探索娄底市肉牛品改工作的发展新路。     

浅谈湖北省谷城县牛品种改良工作现状及对策

本文介绍了谷城县牛品种改良现状;指出了存在的问题:肉牛养殖场(户)大量关闭搬迁、肉牛饲养量呈下降趋势,部分肉牛养殖户养殖热情降温、全县肉牛产业呈下降趋势,牛品改工作人员知识更新滞后、工作积极性下降;提出了加强牛品种改良的对策:抓关键、增产增量,拓思路、依托地区优势特色发展,守阵地、促进牛品改工作稳扎稳打,搭平台、建立多维立体化宣传,抓队伍、不断提升服务管理工作水平。     

母牛难产的诊治体会

我县牛品种改良工作已开展多年,牛品改是我县农民增收的一个亮点。未品改前,母牛难产较少,开展牛品改后,母牛难产较多,胎儿过大导致难产占70％以上,其它原因占少数。笔者经常深入农户冻配母牛和处理母难产的病例,在此浅析母牛难产的诊治经验及体会。1母牛难产的原因     

湖北省牛品种改良的现状、问题及对策

对湖北省牛品种改良现状进行了介绍,分析了湖北省牛品改工作中存在的问题,并并提出了完善湖北省牛品种改良工作机制的对策,供相关部门参考。     

饲粮能量水平对育肥前期锦江牛瘤胃发酵及血液生化指标的影响

本试验旨在探讨饲粮能量水平对育肥前期锦江牛瘤胃发酵及血液生化指标的影响。试验选用50头初始体重为(301.7±30.1) kg的锦江去势公牛,随机分成5个组,即A、B、C、D和E组,每组10头牛。A组饲喂基础饲粮,B、C、D、E组饲粮综合净能在A组基础上依次提高6%、12%、18%、24%,5组饲粮综合净能水平分别为6.02、6.38、6.74、7.10、7.46 M J/kg,粗蛋白质水平一致。预试期10 d,正试期116 d。结果表明:1)随着饲粮能量水平的提高,瘤胃液pH呈逐渐降低的趋势;瘤胃液乙酸含量逐渐升高,丙酸含量逐渐下降,其中C、D、E组乙酸/丙酸显著低于A组(P<0.05),总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)含量呈现上升趋势; C组瘤胃液氨态氮(NH3-N)含量显著低于A组(P<0.05),而菌体蛋白(MCP)含量显著高于A组(P<0.05)。2)随着饲粮能量水平的提高,血清葡萄糖(GLU)含量呈逐渐上升的趋势; C和E组血清尿素氮(UN)含量较A组显著降低(P<0.05),高密度脂蛋白(HDL)含量较A组显著升高(P<0.05)。3)随着饲粮能量水平的提高,E组血浆生长激素含量显著高于A、B、C组(P<0.05); E组血浆胰岛素含量显著高于A组(P<0.05);血浆三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)及胰岛素样生长因子-1含量各组间均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,适宜的饲粮能量水平具有改善瘤胃内环境的作用,在育肥前期,随着饲粮能量水平的提高,各组锦江牛的机体代谢处于正常状态,血清GLU含量随之增加,更有利于其发挥生产潜力。在本次试验条件下,结合各项指标得出:育肥前期锦江牛饲粮的综合净能水平为6.74 MJ/kg时效果最佳。     

牛、羊新发病毒性传染病--施马伦贝格病毒

2011年11月在德国西部城镇施马伦贝格检测出一种新型病毒,以其首次阳性病毒标本检出的地名命名为“施马伦贝格病毒”。该病毒能够感染牛、山羊、绵羊等家畜并引起发热、腹泻、乏力等症状,导致动物早产或难产。继德国之后,荷兰、比利时、法国、卢森堡、意大利、西班牙等欧盟8个国家的牛羊等家畜中证实出现疫情。由于现阶段缺乏有效疫苗,被感染牛、羊数量仍在继续上升,引起世界范围内对此病毒的关注,本文就施马伦贝格病毒的危害及在欧洲的传播情况作如下简述,以期为进出口检疫部门和动物引种工作者提供参考。     

新疆褐牛种群资源调查研究

[目的]对新疆褐牛主产区的种群资源进行调查研究,掌握新疆褐牛资源现状与分布特点,为品种的选育提高、改良与合理开发利用提供基础资料。[方法]按照地、县、乡分划成调查小区,每个小区涵盖所有住户,做到不重不漏,然后再进行统计分析。[结果]目前纯种新疆褐牛为17.068万头,各类新疆褐牛改良牛存栏已达到150万余头,其中伊犁河谷存栏约90万头,塔城地区存栏约36万头,其它地区新疆褐牛存栏约20余万头。[结论]成年新疆褐牛母牛中优良个体较少,整体生产性能不高。建议在现有的生产方式下,因地制宜的开展新疆褐牛的选育提高与品种改良工作,同时提高生产管理与技术水平,挖掘和发挥当前种群的生产潜能。     

柴达木黄牛生产性能测定研究

2006年6月在青海省格尔木市乌图美仁乡测定了柴达木黄牛体高、体长、胸围、管围、估测体重和奶样常规成分。结果表明柴达木黄牛在过去20年里体高、体长增加,胸围和管围变化不明显,估测体重与20年前接近或略有升高。柴达木黄牛奶水分为86.725%,干物质13.275%,乳蛋白2.5625%,乳脂肪2.4375(g/100 g),乳糖3.3688(g/100 g)。     

Prevalence of and factors associated with Brucella sero-positivity in cattle in urban and peri-urban Gulu and Soroti towns of Uganda

Brucellosis is a key zoonosis of major public health, animal welfare and economic significance, and is endemic in livestock in Uganda. A cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out to estimate the sero-prevalence of brucellosis and identify factors associated with sero-positivity in cattle in urban and peri-urban Gulu and Soroti towns of Northern and Eastern Uganda, respectively. A total of 1007 sera and data on biologically plausible risk factors from 166 herds and their spatial locations, were collected from cattle reared in urban and peri-urban Gulu and Soroti towns of Uganda. The sera were analyzed using indirect ELISA and sero-positive reactors confirmed by competitive ELISA. Multivariable models were used to investigate for risk factors. The overall animal-level and herd-level sero-prevalence was 7.5% (76/1007, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 6.15–9.4%) and 27.1% (45/166, 95% CI: 20.9–34.3%), respectively. Herd-level sero-prevalence was significantly (P<0.001) higher in Soroti than Gulu. In Gulu town, sero-positivity increased with an increase in herd size (P=0.03) and age (P=0.002), and was higher in cattle brought in from western Uganda (P<0.0001). In Soroti town, introduction of new cattle into a herd was significantly (P=0.027) associated with herd sero-positivity. There was a geographically differential risk (clustering) of Brucella sero- positivity in herds in Soroti, while sero-positivity was homogeneously distributed in Gulu. The data highlight brucellosis occurrence and major risk factors for its transmission in cattle in urban and peri-urban areas.     

草原放牧肉牛发生跛行病因分析与防治试验

赤峰市巴林右旗索博日嘎镇草原放牧的肉牛大面积发生异嗜和跛行症状,经流行情况调查、牧草钙磷营养分析、血清钙磷含量测定、防治试验和大群防治结果表明,是由于严重干旱导致草场上牧草中磷含量降低,钙、磷比例严重失调,造成放牧肉牛矿物质营养缺乏性代谢病.放牧肉牛异嗜发病率平均为33.70％,其中哺乳母牛出现跛行症状的占群体的11.31％.采取以增磷为主的增磷补钙措施进行防治,迅速控制了病情的发展,群体防治总有效率达98.50％.     

Female genital tract abnormalities of Zebu cattle slaughtered at Bahir-Dar Town, north-west Ethiopia

A study was conducted to assess the type and prevalence of abnormalities occurring in the female reproductive tracts of 201 Zebu cattle of Fogera type (161 cows and 40 heifers) slaughtered at Bahir-Dar town, north-west Ethiopia. Out of the 201 female genital tracts collected and examined, abnormalities were recorded in 74 (36.8%). The most common abnormalities encountered were ovariobursal adhesion (5.5%), endometritis (3.9%) and cystic ovaries (3.5%). Other abnormalities recorded were ovarian hypoplasia, vaginitis, cervicitis, tortuous cervical canal, mucometra, vaginal cyst, parovarian cyst, hypoplastic cervical rings, cervical cyst, freemartins, closed external cervical os, uterine and oviducts adhesion, cystic uterine tube, remnant of retained fetal membrane and cyst in the uterine wall. The prevalence of the abnormalities was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in parous than in nulliparous cows. Moreover, evidence of ovarian cyclicity was found in 51.6% and 30% of non-pregnant parous and nulliparous cows examined, respectively. This study revealed that reproductive tract abnormalities seem to be an important problem with possible subsequent infertility in Fogera-type Zebu cows in the study area.     

海北州黑白花奶牛和黄牛唾液钠、钾含量的测定

对青海省海北州西海镇的30头黑白花奶牛和20头黄牛的唾液钠、钾含量进行了测定。结果表明：（1）黑白花奶牛唾钠为98．63mmol/L，唾液钾为16．87mmol／L, 钠／钾之比为6．68／1；（2）黄牛唾液钠为121．6mmol/L，唾液钾为16．41mmol/L，黄／钾之比为10．97／1；（3）黑白花奶牛和黄牛的唾液钠含量之间有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。     

Bovine cysticercosis in cattle slaughtered at Awassa municipal abattoir, Ethiopia: prevalence, cyst viability, distribution and its public health implication

A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2005 to April 2006 on bovine cysticercosis in cattle slaughtered at Awassa municipal abattoir with the objective of determining the prevalence of Taenia saginata cysticercosis, cyst viability, distribution and its public health implication. Questionnaire survey involving 120 respondents was also conducted on human taeniasis. A total of 400 carcasses were examined during the study period, of which 105 (26.25%) were infected with T. saginata metacestodes. From a total of 3200 samples inspected, 500 cysticerci were detected in 141 samples, of which 221 (44.2%) were alive. The anatomical distribution of cysticerci were 65 (29.2%) heart, 56 (25.3%) shoulder muscle, 59 (26.7%) masseter, 23 (10.4%) tongue, 12 (5.4%) diaphragm, three (1.4%) liver, two (0.9%) lung and one (0.5%) kidney samples. The prevalence varied significantly between local and crossbred animals (OR = 3.15, P < 0.05), but not varied between sex, age groups and origin of the animals. T. saginata taeniasis was a widespread public health problem in the town with an overall prevalence of 64.2% (77 of 120). The potential risk factors for disease contraction were raw meat consumption, religion and occupational risks. In conclusion, the study revealed high prevalence of T. saginata metacestodes throughout the edible organs together with existence of deep-rooted tradition of raw meat consumption. This may magnify the public health hazards of T. saginata in the study area. As a result, the disease deserves due attention to safeguard the public health and further promote beef industry in the country.     

创造城镇建筑的地域性特色

随着我国城镇化进程的加速发展，城镇建筑逐渐形成多元多价的繁荣景象。但大都局限在“形式本位”上，缺乏对城镇地域性特色、历史文化的探究和传承。为此，需要探索出一条现代地域性建筑的创作之路，使城镇建筑能展现地域性特色、传承地方历史文化，同时也更符合时代需求，不断地更新和发展。