不同种类人工牧草体外瘤胃降解和发酵特性的研究

试验利用化学分析法和体外模拟瘤胃发酵法对5种人工牧草进行了营养成分分析和瘤胃降解及发酵特性的研究。试验采集饲用谷子、甜高粱、全株玉米、高丹草、小黑麦样品，利用化学分析法测定其叶片营养物质含量；然后利用体外模拟瘤胃发酵法测定6、24、48、72 h的干物质降解率和48 h累积产气量以及24 h挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）浓度和氨态氮（NH3-N）浓度。营养成分含量上，5种牧草的干物质、粗蛋白、粗灰分、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、淀粉、总能含量差异均显著（P<0.05），全株玉米叶片的干物质、粗蛋白含量和总能均高于其他牧草；体外发酵参数差异亦显著，甜高粱和高丹草的理论最大产气量显著高于其他牧草（P<0.05），高丹草累积产气量最高。饲用谷子在6、24、48 h三个时间点的干物质降解率显著高于其他牧草（P<0.05）。全株玉米体外瘤胃发酵的乙酸、总挥发性脂肪酸浓度显著高于其他牧草（P<0.05），饲用谷子乙酸/丙酸显著高于其他种类牧草（P<0.05），小黑麦乙酸与丙酸比值最低。小黑麦的NH3-N浓度显著高于其他牧草（P<0.05），高丹草NH3-N浓度最低。综上...     

西藏地区不同作物秸秆体外发酵特性研究

本试验旨在利用体外产气法评定西藏地区不同作物秸秆的营养价值。选取西藏地区5种常见作物秸秆(豌豆秸秆、玉米秸秆、青稞秸秆、小麦秸秆、油菜秸秆),通过单因素试验设计,利用体外产气法评定5种作物秸秆体外发酵48 h的产气量、理论最大产气量(Vf)、甲烷(CH4)产量、逻辑斯谛-指数(LE)模型产气参数、发酵液p H和氨态氮(NH3-N)浓度、主要挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)产量、体外干物质降解率(IVDMD)和体外中性洗涤纤维降解率(IVNDFD)等指标。结果显示:5种作物秸秆体外发酵48 h的产气量按玉米秸秆、青稞秸秆、豌豆秸秆、小麦秸秆、油菜秸秆的顺序依次降低。体外发酵48 h后,玉米秸秆的Vf、IVDMD、IVNDFD、CH4产量(豌豆秸秆除外)、丙酸和总VFA产量均显著高于其他4种作物秸秆(P0.05),其体外发酵液p H则显著低于其他秸秆(P0.05)。结果表明,玉米秸秆体外发酵效果最佳,与其他试验作物秸秆相比更容易被瘤胃微生物降解利用。     

不同生育期饲料油菜体外发酵特性的研究

试验通过研究不同生育期(现蕾期、盛花期和结荚期)饲料油菜的体外发酵特性,为合理利用饲料油菜提供理论依据,填补试验数据的空白。试验以不同生育期饲料油菜为样品,利用体外发酵产气法测定4、12、24、48、72 h的累计产气量、氨肽氮(NH3-N)浓度和挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度。试验结果表明,不同生育期对饲料油菜体外发酵存在影响,总产气量随着生育期的延长逐渐降低(P0.05),结荚期的产气延滞期显著低于现蕾期(P0.05)、低于盛花期(P0.05)。累计发酵72 h后,盛花期的NH3-N浓度显著高于现蕾期(P0.05)和结荚期(P0.05),盛花期乙酸浓度和乙酸/丙酸比值高于现蕾期和结荚期(P0.05)。     

不同水平蔗糖对泌乳奶牛体外产气和瘤胃发酵的影响

试验旨在探究添加不同水平蔗糖对泌乳奶牛体外产气和瘤胃发酵的影响。以泌乳中期奶牛为瘤胃液供体,设置0%、2%、4%、6%、8%共5个蔗糖添加水平,使用微生物发酵微量产气自动记录仪(AGRS-Ⅲ)记录发酵48 h产气量(GP_{48 h})并拟合产气动力学参数、计算体外干物质消失率(IVDMD)和挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)含量;测定体外发酵0.5、1、2、3、6、48 h的发酵液pH、氨态氮(NH₃-N)含量。结果表明：GP_{48 h}、理论最大产气量(A)、达到1/2产气量的产气速率(AGPR)随蔗糖添加水平提高线性增加(P<0.01),蔗糖添加水平对发酵48 h的IVDMD、发酵液pH、VFA和NH₃-N含量无显著影响;但体外发酵1、2h的发酵液pH线性下降(P<0.01);6%、8%组乙酸和丙酸比例低于其余3组(P<0.01)。本试验条件下,较对照组而言,4%蔗糖组在不改变瘤胃发酵模式的同时,提高了体外产气速率和底物降解速率。     

体外产气法评价木薯渣替代压片玉米对奶牛瘤胃发酵特性的影响

本试验旨在通过体外产气法评价木薯渣不同比例替代压片玉米对奶牛瘤胃发酵特性的影响。试验共设计7个组,分别用木薯渣替代0(对照组)、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%和30%的压片玉米(风干基础),每个组4个重复,使用AGRS-Ⅲ型微生物发酵产气系统进行体外瘤胃微生物发酵试验。试验用瘤胃液取自3头处于泌乳中后期且装有永久瘤胃瘘管的中国荷斯坦奶牛。试验监测体外培养3、6、12、24和48 h后的发酵液pH,氨态氮(NH_3-N)、微生物蛋白(MCP)含量,体外培养48 h后干物质消失率(IVDMD),累积产气量(GP)及挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)含量等指标。结果表明:随着木薯渣替代压片玉米比例的增加,发酵48 h后GP、理论最大产气量和最大产气速率均呈显著线性增加(P0.05);在体外发酵培养24 h时,发酵液NH_3-N含量也随木薯渣替代压片玉米比例的增加而呈显著线性增加(P0.05);此外,各试验组MCP含量在体外发酵3～12 h后呈升高趋势,随即逐渐下降并在48 h时达到最低,且体外发酵3 h时,发酵液MCP含量随木薯渣替代压片玉米比例的增加呈显著二次变化(P0.05);体外发酵48 h时,发酵液丙酸、丁酸、戊酸和总VFA含量均随木薯渣替代压片玉米比例的增加呈显著二次变化(P0.05),且均在替代比例为20%时达到最大值。综上,在本试验条件下,木薯渣替代压片玉米的比例≤30%时对泌乳中后期奶牛体外瘤胃发酵特性无不良影响,且在替代比例为20%时可显著提高发酵液丁酸、戊酸和总VFA含量,在替代比例为30%时可显著提高发酵24 h时的NH_3-N含量和48 h时的GP。因此,由体外试验可知,木薯渣替代压片玉米的比例为20%～30%较为适宜,但此试验结果仍需通过奶牛体内试验进一步验证。     

枯草芽孢杆菌对花生秧、燕麦和苜蓿干草瘤胃微生物发酵和降解特性的影响

试验旨在研究添加不同水平枯草芽孢杆菌对花生秧体外瘤胃中产气发酵和消化代谢的影响，并与燕麦干草和苜蓿干草对比，评估其发酵和降解特性。以来自河北唐县的花生秧干草、苜蓿干草和燕麦干草3种饲草为底物，分别添加0、1.3×10⁴、4×10⁴、6.7×10⁴ CFU/mL的枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis,BS)，共12个组，每组4个重复，采集泌乳中期奶牛瘤胃液，进行48 h体外瘤胃微生物发酵试验，同时记录产气参数。发酵后测定瘤胃液pH、氨态氮含量、体外干物质消失率(IVDMD)、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)参数。结果表明：随BS添加水平提高，3种饲草发酵后的IVDMD、乙酸含量、甲烷估测值(CH4e)均提高(P<0.05)，丁酸含量降低(P<0.05)，且在BS添加水平为6.7×104 CFU/mL时达最值；添加1.3×104 CFU/mL BS时，丙酸比例最高、乙酸/丙酸比值、非生糖类挥发酸/生糖类挥发酸比值(NGR)最低(P<0.01)；饲草间比较，花生秧的累积产气量(GP)、理论最大产气量A、达最...     

体外法研究不同水平中性洗涤纤维日粮对泌乳高峰期奶牛瘤胃发酵和产气量的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中中性洗涤纤维(NDF)水平对泌乳高峰期奶牛瘤胃发酵参数及产气量的影响。以玉米青贮、苜蓿、燕麦草、羊草、全棉籽为主要NDF来源的饲料原料,配置4种等氮、等能且NDF含量分别为25.05%、28.05%、31.22%和34.19%的日粮,采集4头健康、体重相近、安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的泌乳高峰期荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃液,在短期人工模拟瘤胃体外培养技术与动态产气实时记录技术相结合的条件下,记录试验结果。结果表明:体外培养的干物质消失率(IVDMD)和48 h产气量(GP48)线性降低(P0.05);体外发酵培养液p H值线性增加(P0.05),丙酸浓度、丁酸浓度线性降低(P0.05),乙酸/丙酸线性增加(P0.05),氨态氮(NH3-N)浓度、微生物蛋白(MCP)浓度没有显著影响(P0.05),但有逐渐降低的趋势。本试验表明,NDF含量为25.05%的日粮最有利于氨氮的利用和瘤胃发酵。     

胍基乙酸对锦江黄牛瘤胃体外发酵参数的影响

为研究饲料中添加胍基乙酸对牛瘤胃体外发酵参数的影响,试验选取3只身体健康、2岁左右、体重为(200~250)kg、安装瘤胃瘘管的锦江黄牛供采集瘤胃液。采取体外产气法对添加不同水平胍基乙酸(0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%)体外发酵培养,测定24 h培养液中pH、氨态氮(NH3-N)、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)、微生物蛋白(MCP)浓度及干物质消化率等瘤胃发酵指标。结果表明:(1)随着胍基乙酸添加量的增加,0.4%添加组产气量显著提高40.82%(P<0.05)。胍基乙酸添加组的pH显著低于空白对照组(P<0.05),但均在正常范围内;NH3-N浓度随着添加剂量的增加呈先降低后升高趋势,其中0.1%、0.2%添加组显著低于空白对照组(P<0.05),分别降低了10.55%、15.29%。瘤胃微生物蛋白含量随着胍基乙酸添加量的增加而增加,0.4%添加组显著提高了1.41%(P<0.05)。干物质消化率(IVDMD)随着胍基乙酸添加量的增加先增加后减少,其中0.4%添加组显著提高了11.24%(P<0.05)。(2)胍基乙酸组挥发性脂肪酸总量、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸有上升趋势,并且0.4%添加组显著高于空白对照组(P<0.05),其中TVFA提高了6.58%,丙酸含量提高了9.08%。但是乙酸/丙酸各组无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,胍基乙酸添加可以促进瘤胃发酵功能。     

不同中性洗涤纤维与淀粉比例饲粮对体外瘤胃发酵的影响

本试验旨在探讨不同中性洗涤纤维与淀粉比例(NDF/starch)饲粮对体外瘤胃发酵的影响。选用玉米青贮、燕麦干草和玉米调整饲粮NDF/starch,配制0.86(Ⅰ)、1.13(Ⅱ)、1.56(Ⅲ)和2.38(Ⅳ)4种NDF/starch的全混合日粮,采用3头体况良好且装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛作为瘤胃液的供体动物,利用体外发酵试验结合动态产气实时记录技术,测定累积产气量(2、6、12、24、36、48 h)、产气动力学参数和瘤胃发酵特性指标。结果表明:1)随着饲粮NDF/starch的提高,发酵48 h体外干物质降解率逐渐下降,I、Ⅱ组均显著高于Ⅲ、Ⅳ组(P0.05);48h累积产气量和理论最大产气量呈下降趋势,Ⅳ组显著低于其他各组(P0.05);组间达1/2理论最大产气量的时间、最大产气速率无显著差异(P0.05)。2)NDF/starch对发酵液氨态氮和微生物蛋白浓度影响不显著(P0.05)。3)随着饲粮NDF/starch的增加,p H、乙酸/丙酸、乙酸/总挥发性脂肪酸呈显著或极显著增加(P0.05或P0.01),总挥发性脂肪酸、丙酸、丁酸浓度及丙酸/总挥发性脂肪酸呈显著或极显著下降(P0.05或P0.01)。4)不同NDF/starch饲粮营养水平与体外发酵参数相关性分析表明,48 h累积产气量、理论最大产气量与淀粉含量、中性洗涤可溶物(NDS)含量、中性洗涤可溶物/粗蛋白质(NDS/CP)、非纤维性碳水化合物(NFC)含量呈极显著正相关关系(P0.01),而与中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量呈极显著负相关关系(P0.01)。综合而言,本试验条件下,体外产气法测定饲粮NDF/starch在0.86~1.13之间对体外瘤胃发酵较好。     

瘤胃体外发酵评价红曲米酒糟作为山羊饲料原料的可行性

本试验旨在通过体外法研究红曲米酒糟对山羊瘤胃产气量与发酵参数的影响,评价其作为山羊饲料原料的可行性。采集9只山羊的瘤胃液,应用ANKOM RFS产气系统进行体外发酵,其中对照组发酵底物不含红曲米酒糟,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组发酵底物分别含有50、100、150 mg/g的红曲米酒糟。测定指标包括:1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、24、36、48、72 h的产气量(GP)以及体外培养72 h的pH、干物质消失率(DMD)、氨态氮(NH_3-N)与挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度、纤维素酶活性。结果显示:1)试验Ⅲ组在1～5 h内产气量显著高于对照组(P0.05);各组干物质消失率差异不显著(P0.05);各组发酵液pH均处于正常水平,且氨态氮浓度组间差异不显著(P0.05)。2)各组发酵液乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、总挥发性脂肪酸浓度与乙酸/丙酸差异不显著(P0.05)。3)试验Ⅲ组发酵液木聚糖酶、纤维二糖酶活性均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。由此可见,红曲米酒糟可增加山羊瘤胃体外发酵产气量、提高纤维素酶活性,促进瘤胃发酵,具有作为山羊饲料原料的潜力,值得开展饲养试验确定其在山羊饲粮中的适宜添加量。     

植物乳杆菌对玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆体外发酵特性的影响

本试验旨在探讨植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)对玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆奶牛瘤胃体外发酵特性的影响。采用单因子随机区组试验设计,分别以玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆为发酵底物,分析不同添加水平[0(对照)、0.25×107、0.50×107和0.75×107CFU/m L]植物乳杆菌对发酵底物体外发酵产气量(1、2、4、6、12、24、36、48 h)、产气参数、干物质降解率(DMD)、中性洗涤纤维降解率(NDFD)、发酵液挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)、氨态氮(NH3-N)浓度及p H的影响。结果表明:添加植物乳杆菌能显著提高玉米秸秆发酵初期产气速率和产气量(1~24 h)(P0.05),以添加0.75×107CFU/m L效果最为理想;添加植物乳杆菌能显著提高水稻秸秆体外发酵后期(36~48 h)产气量(P0.05),而以添加0.25×107CFU/m L效果最为理想。随着植物乳杆菌添加水平的增加,2种底物体外发酵液NH3-N浓度均呈现显著的线性增加效应(P0.05)。不同植物乳杆菌添加水平对2种底物体外发酵NDFD、DMD、发酵液VFA(乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸和戊酸)浓度以及p H均无显著影响(P0.05)。由试验结果推断,添加植物乳杆菌能促进玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆体外发酵及其氮代谢,同时对维持p H的稳定平衡具有积极作用,最佳添加水平分别为0.75×107和0.25×107CFU/m L。     

木薯渣与甜菜颗粒粕组合效应对奶牛瘤胃发酵特性的影响

本试验旨在通过体外产气法研究木薯渣与甜菜颗粒粕组合用作泌乳中后期奶牛饲料的可行性及适宜组合比例。试验设计7个处理:木薯渣分别以0%(对照组)、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%和30%与甜菜颗粒粕(风干物质基础)组合,使用AGRS-Ⅲ型微生物发酵产气系统进行体外瘤胃微生物发酵试验,监测体外培养3、6、12、24、48h后的发酵液pH、氨态氮(NH3-N)、微生物蛋白(MCP)含量和体外培养48h后干物质消失率(IVDMD)、累积产气量(GP)及挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)含量等指标。结果表明:体外培养48 h后,GP和底物的最大降解率(RmaxS)随木薯渣占比增加呈线性或二次增加(P<0.05);发酵液各VFA和TVFA含量均随木薯渣占比增加呈线性或二次降低(P<0.05);根据多项组合效应值,以0%组为对照时,5%组和10%组表现为正组合效应,其余组合均表现为负组合效应。在本试验条件下,当木薯渣与甜菜颗粒粕组合使用,且木薯渣为5%~10%较为适宜,但此结果仍需奶牛饲养试验进一步验证。     

利用体外产气法研究不同瘤胃降解蛋白平衡对瘤胃代谢的影响

旨在探讨利用体外产气法研究不同瘤胃降解蛋白平衡日粮(RDPB,g·kg-1 DM)对瘤胃发酵、总产气量和甲烷产量的影响.试验选用美国Ankom产气系统,采用随机区组试验设计,配置6种不同瘤胃降解蛋白平衡日粮,分别为日粮1(-20 g· kg-1 DM),日粮2(-10 g· kg-1 DM),日粮3(0 g· kg-1 DM),日粮4(10g·kg-1DM),日粮5(20 g·kg-1 DM)和日粮6(30 g· kg-1 DM),每组2个重复,培养期为24 h.结果表明:(1)本研究中6种类型日粮发酵液的pH、乙酸/丙酸、产气量和CH4产生量表现为日粮3(P＜0.01)或日粮4(P＜0.01)值最低.(2)挥发性脂防酸乙酸、丙酸、丁酸以及氨氮的浓度随着瘤冒降解平衡值的增加而增加,表明改变日粮瘤胃降解蛋白平衡可以影响瘤胃发酵.而瘤胃降解蛋白平衡对总挥发性脂肪酸以及原虫数量无显著影响.(3)日粮瘤胃降解蛋白平衡值影响不同时间点甲烷的浓度和24 h甲烷产量.其中以日稂4(P＜0.05)甲烷总产量最低.由此可见,在体外培养条件下,改变日粮RDPB影响了瘤胃发酵液pH、氨态氮(NH3-N)及挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度、总产气量、CH4产生量,综合考虑其对瘤胃发酵和甲烷产量等指标的影响,体外产气条件下适宜的RDPB水平为0～10g·kg-1 DM.     

Effects of Sodium Caseinate and Varying Protein Sources on In Vitro Fermentation of Forages by Mixed Equine Cecal Microorganisms

To assess the impact of protein on fermentation by equine cecal microorganisms, cecal fluid from 4 cecally cannulated horses was used to inoculate fermentation bottles containing buffer, forage, and supplemental protein. In experiment 1, sodium caseinate (SC) provided 0, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, or 4% additional crude protein (CP) to bottles containing alfalfa or native warm-season prairie grass hay. Bottles were equipped with continuous gas pressure monitors and placed into a shaking incubator for 48 hours at 39°C. Cultures with alfalfa had greater (P < .0001) in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD), neutral detergent fiber disappearance (NDFD), acid detergent fiber disappearance (ADFD), cumulative gas production, and total volatile fatty acid (VFA). Sodium caseinate increased gas production (P ≤ .05) and decreased pH (P < .003) in cultures with grass hay. Sodium caseinate at 1%, 2%, or 4% additional CP increased IVDMD, NDFD, and ADFD (P < .01), while 4% additional CP also increased total VFA (P < .01). For experiment 2, SC, fishmeal, soybean meal (SBM), whey, porcine blood plasma, and L-lysine hydrochloride were added to supply 2% additional CP to cultures with grass hay. All protein sources decreased pH and increased IVDMD, NDFD, and ADFD (P ≤ .01), with the largest effects elicited by SC, L-lysine, and whey (P ≤ .05). Total VFA (P ≤ .04) and gas (P ≤ .05) production increased with L-lysine, whey, SC, SBM, and fishmeal. While protein supplementation had minimal effects on cultures containing alfalfa, it altered fermentation of grass hay, more notably with more soluble protein sources.     

Factors affecting the in vitro production of volatile fatty acids by mixed bacterial populations from the bovine rumen

Factors affecting in vitro ruminal bacterial VFA production were examined. Treatments consisted of high and low initial pH (6.7, 5.7), osmolality (600, 400 mOsm) and concentrations of acetic (40, 0 mM) and propionic acids (20, 0 mM). Response variables measured included the production of acetic, propionic and total VFA, total gas and methane. Initial pH affected (P less than .05) most variables either independently or in combination with one or more of the other factors. Acetic acid production was reduced 40% (P = .03) when initial acetic acid concentrations were 40 mM compared with 0 mM. Also, acetic acid production was less (P less than .01) at low initial pH (5.7) than at high initial pH (6.7). Propionic acid production was greater (P = .05) at high vs low initial acetic acid concentrations. Propionic acid production was greater in response to low vs high initial osmolality, although the magnitude of this difference depended on initial pH (interaction P = .02). Total production of VFA was greater (P less than .01) at high than at low initial pH; however, at low initial pH, no difference (P greater than .05) was observed due to initial osmolality, whereas at high pH, production was greater (interaction P = .04) for low than for high initial osmolality. The diminished production of total VFA at pH 5.7 occurred primarily due to reduced acetic acid production, although increased production of propionic and butyric acids was noted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

The effect of a condensed tannin-containing forage on methane emission by goats

The objective of this study was to compare methane emission by goats consuming the condensed tannin-containing forage sericea lespedeza (Les-pedeza cuneata) or a mixture of crabgrass (Digitaria ischaemum) and Kentucky 31 tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). Two groups of 12 Angora does (initial average BW = 41.5 +/- 2.7 kg) that previously grazed a pasture of sericea lespedeza or crabgrass/tall fescue for approximately 4 mo were used. After 1 wk of adaptation to metabolism cages, gas exchange was measured for 24 h in an open-circuit respiration calorimetry system with four head boxes. Forage harvested daily from the previously grazed pastures was consumed ad libitum. Crude protein concentration was 10.3 and 13.0%, IVDMD was 64.5 and 75.3%, and the level of condensed tannins was 17.7 and 0.5% for sericea lespedeza and crabgrass/tall fescue, respectively. Dry matter intake (1.11 vs. 0.67 kg/d) and digestible DMI (estimated from IVDMD; 0.71 vs. 0.51 kg/d) were greater (P < 0.01) for sericea lespedeza than for crabgrass/tall fescue. Ruminal ammonia N (3.7 and 9.9 mg/dL; P < 0.001) and plasma urea-N concentrations (16.7 and 20.9 mg/dL; P = 0.07) were lower for sericea lespedeza than for crabgrass/tall fescue. Concentrations of individual and total VFA and the acetate-to-propionate ratio in ruminal fluid did not differ between treatments (P > 0.19). Despite higher DMI by goats fed sericea lespedeza, daily energy expenditure (409 vs. 431 kJ/kg BW(0.75)), heart rate (70 vs. 73 beats/min), and the ratio of energy expenditure to heart rate (5.82 vs. 5.94) did not differ between sericea lespedeza and crabgrass/tall fescue, respectively (P > 0.13). Methane emission expressed as both quantity per day or relative to DMI was lower (P <0.001) for sericea lespedeza than for crabgrass/tall fescue (7.4 vs. 10.6 g/d and 6.9 vs. 16.2 g/kg DMI). Substantial differences between the forages in condensed tannins concentration and methane emission by Angora goats suggest that condensed tannins decreased methane emission.     

发酵处理对脱汁甜高粱渣化学成分和体外消化特性的影响

将榨汁后的甜高粱渣发酵处理,形成3种处理样品:厌氧发酵脱汁甜高粱渣、厌氧发酵甜高粱酒精糟和直接干燥甜高粱酒精糟。对处理的甜高粱渣进行化学成分(DM、CP、总糖、NDF、ADF、灰分、Ca、P)分析,并采用活体外两阶段法测定DM和NDF消化率;通过活体外产气量试验和动态发酵模型,计算样本的动态发酵参数。结果表明,不同处理间甜高粱渣DM、NDF、总糖、灰分含量差异极显著(P0.0001),ADF差异不显著(P0.05)。动态发酵参数(B、Lag、GAS)及活体外干物质消化率(IVDMD)差异显著(P0.05),活体外细胞壁消化率(IVNDFD)差异不显著(P0.05);氨态氮(NH3-N)、总挥发酸(TVFA)含量和各种挥发酸摩尔比例(除乙酸和丁酸以外)差异均不显著(P0.05)。     

Evaluation of Associative Effects of Alfalfa Meal and Ammoniated Corn Straw by Gas Production Technique in vitro

This experiment was conducted to determine the best roughage combination of alfalfa meal (AM) and ammoniated corn straw (ACS),so as to improve the efficiency of roughage utilization and reduce the cost of feeding. The AM was mixed with ACS in the proportion of 100:0,80:20,60:40,50:50,40:60,20:80 and 0:100 with 3 replicates per group. The accumulated gas production (GP) at fermentation for 3,6,12,24,48 h,and the changes of pH,dry matter disappearance rate (DMD),ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) concentration, microbial protein (MCP) and volatile fat acids (VFA) concentration,and their single factor associative effects index (SFAEI) and multiply factors associative effects index (MFAEI) were determined by gas production technique in vitro after fermentation for 48 h. The results showed as follows:The accumulated gas production of AM20:ACS80 group was higher than that of the other groups,and the DMD of AM0:ACS100 group was significantly lower than other groups (P<0.05).The NH₃-N concentration of AM20:ACS80 and AM0:ACS100 groups was significantly higher than the other groups (P<0.05).The MCP concentration was highest in AM20:ACS80 group,and the concentration of acetic acid and TVFA in AM20:ACS80 group was the highest (P<0.05),and the acetic acid/propionic acid ratio in all groups was more than 3,which indicating that it belonged to the acetic acid fermentation type.The pH during the fermentation ranged from 6.69 to 6.85.The results of MFAEI and SFAEI of each combination indicated that only the AM20:ACS80 group showed the positive associative effects. In conclusion,the 20:80 combination ratio for AM and ACS showed the best associative effects.