乳化异氟醚静脉麻醉对大鼠中枢突触体ATP酶活性的影响

为探讨乳化异氟醚对大鼠中枢突触体ATP酶活性的影响,选用36只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、麻醉组和麻醉恢复组,经乳化异氟醚尾静脉注射对大鼠进行麻醉,采用比色法检测各脑区的突触体ATP酶活性。结果显示:大鼠注射乳化异氟醚后大脑皮层、海马和丘脑Na+-K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-ATP酶与对照组相比显著下降(P0.05),大脑皮质和海马Mg2+-ATP酶与对照组相比显著下降(P0.05)。提示:乳化异氟醚能够抑制大脑皮层、海马和丘脑内Na+-K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-ATP酶的生成,抑制大脑皮质和海马内Mg2+-ATP酶的生成,推测中枢突触体ATP酶是乳化异氟醚产生麻醉效应的主要靶位。     

酒精阳性乳乳腺上皮细胞ATP酶及膜磷脂组分的变化

为探讨酒精阳性乳的发病机理,试验从乳腺组织自由基代谢和膜损伤角度出发检测了酒精阳性乳患牛乳腺组织抗氧化指标,同时检测了膜ATP酶的活性,并对膜磷脂组分进行了检测。结果表明：酒精阳性牛乳腺组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性显著降低（P〈0.05）,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性略微下降,而丙二醛（MDA）含量显著升高（P〈0.05）;膜Na＋-K＋-ATP酶、Ca2＋-ATP酶、Mg2＋-ATP酶活性均显著降低（P〈0.05）;细胞膜磷脂酰丝氨酸（PS）、磷脂酰乙醇胺（PE）的相对含量明显下降（P〈0.05）。提示酒精阳性乳患牛乳腺组织氧化、抗氧化体系失去平衡,产生的过多自由基及脂质过氧化物攻击乳腺细胞膜,造成膜磷脂组分的改变,膜功能异常而分泌异常乳。     

氧化应激在氟致牛脾淋巴细胞膜蛋白组分改变中的作用

为了探讨氧化应激在氟致体外培养牛脾淋巴细胞膜蛋白组分改变中的作用,试验以体外培养的牛脾脏淋巴细胞为对象,在培养体系中分别加入终浓度为200,400,600,800μmol/L NaF溶液培养24 h,检测膜蛋白组分及抗氧化功能。结果表明:氟可引起体外培养淋巴细胞膜蛋白组分发生变化,胞内GSH-Px和SOD活性降低,MDA含量升高,呈剂量-效应关系。提示氧化应激参与了氟致牛脾淋巴细胞膜蛋白组分改变的过程。     

鹿复合麻醉剂麻醉与大脑皮质部分ATP酶相关性研究

为了探究鹿复合麻醉剂麻醉与脑区突触体ATP酶相关性,试验选取纯种SD大鼠32只,随机分为对照组、诱导组、麻醉组和催醒组,利用比色法测定样本中ATP酶活性。结果表明:药物作用后大鼠麻醉全程大脑皮质突触体Na~+-K~+-ATP和Mg~(2+)-ATP酶活性诱导组显著降低(P0.05),麻醉组和催醒组极显著降低(P0.01)。说明大脑皮质突触体Na~+-K~+-ATP和Mg~(2+)-ATP酶活性的抑制与鹿复合麻醉剂引起麻醉作用具有一定相关性。     

呕吐毒素处理对伴刀豆球蛋白A刺激鸡脾脏淋巴细胞的体外影响

本试验研究了呕吐毒素(DON)处理对伴刀豆球蛋白A(CoA)刺激脾脏淋巴细胞的体外影响。鸡脾脏分离得到的淋巴细胞用12.5μg/mL CoA刺激,然后用不同浓度(0~50μg/mL)DON处理18小时,测定了细胞内钙离子浓度、pH值、钙调蛋白(CaM)mRNA水平和Na~+,K~+-ATP酶及Ca~(2+)-ATP酶活性。结果显示,随着DON处理水平提高,细胞内钙离子浓度和CaM mRNA水平呈剂量依赖性升高,也相同程度提高了ATP酶活性,处理组和对照组间差异达到显著或极显著水平(P0.05或P0.01)。试验结果提示,细胞内钙稳态失调和酸化是DON对鸡淋巴细胞毒性的关键机制。     

高氟对雏鸡法氏囊形态结构、细胞周期和凋亡影响的研究

为研究高氟对雏鸡法氏囊的影响,选用1口龄AA肉鸡健雏300只,随机分为4组,分别饲以对照日粮(F23 mg·kg-1)和高氟口粮(F 400 mg·kg-1,高氟Ⅰ组;F 800 mg·kg-1,高氟Ⅱ组;F 1 200 mg·kg-1,高氟Ⅲ组)42d,以实验病理学和流式细胞术的方法观察雏鸡法氏囊的变化.结果显示高氟Ⅱ组和高氟Ⅲ组法氏囊绝对质量和脏器指数显著低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),法氏囊淋巴细胞明显减少.经流式细胞仪测定,高氟Ⅰ组细胞周期与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05),高氟Ⅱ组和高氟Ⅲ组则出现明显变化.14日龄时高氟Ⅱ组和高氟Ⅲ组法氏囊淋巴细胞G0/G1期显著升高(P<0.05),G2+M期和增殖指数(PI)与对照组相比不同程度地降低;28口龄时高氟Ⅱ组和高氟Ⅲ组S期显著升高(P<0.01),凋亡率也显著升高(P<0.01);42 日龄时高氟Ⅱ组和高氟Ⅲ组G0/G1期显著升高(P<0.01),S期、G2+M期和增殖指数(PI)显著降低(P<0.01),同时凋亡率显著高于对照组(P<0.01).电镜观察,42日龄时高氟Ⅱ组和高氟Ⅲ组法氏囊可见多量的凋亡淋巴细胞及淋巴细胞线粒体肿胀.结果表明,日粮含氟达800及1 200 mg·kg-1时可引起法氏囊淋巴细胞增殖分化受阻,凋亡细胞显著增多,法氏囊生长发育受抑制,机体体液免疫功能受损.     

硒对氟中毒雏鸡肝脏细胞色素P450酶系主要亚型的影响

本试验旨在研究硒对氟中毒雏鸡肝脏细胞色素P450酶系主要亚型活性(含量)的影响及CYP3A37基因转录情况.选取180羽7日龄健康雏鸡,随机分为3组,分别为正常组、氟中毒组和加硒组.正常组饲喂全价日粮;氟中毒组在正常日粮中添加氟化钠(NaF),使日粮中氟含量为1 000 mg·kg-1;加硒组在氟中毒组日粮基础上添加亚硒酸钠(Na2SeO3),使日粮中硒含量为4 mg·kg-1.分别在第30、60、90天从各组随机选取20羽鸡,采用比色法测定P450酶系主要亚型活性(含量),利用RT-PCR方法测定CYP3A37 mRNA转录水平的变化.在添加氟化钠后第30天,氟中毒组除细胞色素P450含量和氨基比林-N-脱甲基酶(AND)活性低于正常组外,其余各酶活性(含量)较正常组均有增加(P<0.05);在加硒组中,除NADPH-细胞色素C还原酶和苯胺-4-羟化酶活性低于氟中毒组外,其余各哑型酶活性(含量)均高于氟中毒组(P<0.05).第60天时,氟中毒组酶活性(含量)均极显著高于正常组(P<0.01);在加硒组中,除NADPH-细胞色素C还原酶和氨基比林-N-脱甲基酶活性略高于氟中毒组外(P>0.05),其余各亚型酶活性(含量)均极显著低于氟中毒组(P<0.01).第90天时,氟中毒组除细胞色素P450含量略高于正常组外(P>0.05),其余各亚型酶活性(含量)均极显著低于正常组(P<0.01);加硒组中细胞色素P450含量和NADPH-细胞色素C还原酶活性略低于氟中毒组,其余各亚型酶活性(含量)均高于氟中毒组.在各时间点氟中毒组CYP3A37 mRNA转录水平均明显高于正常组(P<0.01);加硒组中mRNA转录水平介于氟中毒组和正常组之间.结果提示,饲料中添加氟化钠和亚硒酸钠可使鸡肝脏细胞色素P450酶系各亚型活性(含量)及CYP3A37 mRNA转录水平发生明显变化.     

氟、硒相互作用对绵羊全血及组织中抗氧化酶活性的影响

为了研究氟、硒相互作用对绵羊全血及组织中抗氧化酶活性的影响,试验采用单因子设计,选择蒙古公羊16只,随机分为4组,分别为对照组、高氟组、高氟低硒组、高氟高硒组,试验期为45 d,在第7,14,21天时,测定全血、肝脏、肾脏及肌肉中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性。结果表明:高氟组全血、组织中的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性显著降低(P<0.05),高氟低硒组、高氟高硒组全血、组织中的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性显著提高(P<0.05)。说明日粮中添加0.05,0.1 mg/kg硒能提高谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性,并且硒在一定浓度范围内通过降低机体内的抗氧化酶活性来颉颃氟的毒性作用。     

德系西门塔尔牛与荷斯坦牛及其杂种后代血液生理生化指标的比较分析

为探究德系西门塔尔牛、荷斯坦牛及其杂交后代血液生理生化指标状况及差异,选择5月龄、体重150~200 kg的健康公牛15头,其中荷斯坦公牛、西×荷杂种一代公牛(简称西荷杂种牛)、德系西门塔尔公牛各5头,育肥372 d后屠宰测定其各项血液生理生化指标。结果显示:德系西门塔尔牛红细胞、血红蛋白、红细胞压积均显著高于其他两组牛(P<0.01),白细胞、中性细胞数、中性细胞比率、嗜碱性粒细胞比率处于居中水平;荷斯坦牛白细胞、红细胞平均体积均显著高于其他两组牛(P<0.05),中性细胞数、中性细胞比率极显著高于其他两组牛(P<0.01),嗜碱性粒细胞比率则极显著低于其他两组牛(P<0.01);西荷杂种牛白细胞、游离甲状腺素、皮质醇均显著低于其他两组牛(P<0.05),淋巴细胞数、淋巴细胞比率、嗜酸性粒细胞比率、嗜碱性粒细胞数、嗜碱性粒细胞比率均极显著高于其他两组牛(P<0.01),血小板压积显著高于其他两组牛(P<0.05)。在血液生化指标方面,荷斯坦牛血清钾离子显著低于其他两组牛(P<0.05),德系西门塔尔牛游离甲状腺素浓度显著高于其他两组牛(P<0.05),荷斯坦牛皮质醇浓度显著高于其他两组牛(P<0.05),其他血液生理生化指标在3组间比较差异均不显著(P>0.05)。综上说明,西荷杂种牛抗病力和抗逆性较强,德系西门塔尔牛代谢旺盛,环境适应性强。     

生物活性制剂抗牛运输应激试验研究

为了探讨以褪黑素为主要成分的生物活性制剂抗牛运输应激的效果,试验选择健康西门塔尔杂交牛36头,随机分为试验组和对照组,试验组在运输前1小时和途中分别肌肉注射生物活性制剂10 mL,对照组同时肌肉注射生理盐水10 mL,于运输前1天和运输后1天采集试验牛的血样,测定相关生理生化指标,统计发病率、死亡率,计算发病损失。结果表明:两组牛运输前与运输后体温未见明显差异(P0.05);运输后两组牛体重极显著降低(P0.01),但对照组牛体重损失较试验组牛大,两组间体重差异显著(P0.05)。运输前两组牛血液中中性粒细胞比率(NEUT)、淋巴细胞比率(LYMPH)差异不显著(P0.05);运输后两组牛血液中中性粒细胞比率极显著降低(P0.01),淋巴细胞比率极显著升高(P0.01);运输后试验组牛血液中中性粒细胞百分比、淋巴细胞百分比差异显著高于或低于对照组牛(P0.05)。试验组牛血清生化指标中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和皮质醇(COR)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、四碘甲状腺原氨酸(T4)含量得到显著改善(P0.05),有利于提高机体的抗氧化能力和维持氧化-抗氧化状态的平衡。试验组牛发病率、死亡率明显低于对照组;对照组牛治疗成本为试验组的10.19倍。说明生物活性制剂能改善运输应激牛免疫功能,有利于降低牛运输应激反应。     

植物V-H+-ATP酶适应逆境的分子调控机理

在植物细胞内膜系统中,有一种重要的质子泵──V H+ ATP酶（V type H+ ATPase）。V H+ ATP酶通过水解ATP获取能量,跨膜转移H+形成膜内外电化学梯度,为其他物质转运系统提供电化学势能,是保持溶质平衡等植物在正常生长条件下所必不可缺的生物化学过程。在胁迫条件下,如盐、干旱、冷冻以及土壤中的超量重金属等,植物细胞的存活能力在很大程度上取决于V H+ ATP酶的活性,而调节基因的表达与活性是V H+ ATP酶适应环境的基础。作为植物细胞内膜系统中最主要的H+质子泵之一,本研究就V H+ ATP酶适应外界环境的分子调节机理作以综述,以期为盐碱地的生物治理和分子生物学的应用提供讨论基础。     

氟对牛脾淋巴细胞内抗氧化功能和NO代谢的影响

采用常规方法分离培养健康牛脾脏淋巴细胞,用不同浓度氟化钠（NaF）染毒24 h。检测牛脾淋巴细胞内谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性及丙二醛（MDA）和一氧化氮（NO）的含量。结果表明,与对照组相比,淋巴细胞内GSH-Px、SOD活性不同程度的降低,而其余各指标均不同程度的升高,且存在着剂量效应关系。由此得出,氟能够导致体外培养牛脾淋巴细胞内抗氧化功能下降,脂质过氧化程度加重,自由基含量增多,对淋巴细胞造成损伤。     

狐胆汁对蟾蜍离体心脏功能的影响

目的：研究狐胆汁对蟾蜍离体心脏的作用及对蟾蜍离体心脏细胞膜ATP酶活性的影响。方法：采用离体蛙心灌流法观察狐胆汁对离体蟾蜍心脏的收缩力、心率的影响,并通过定磷法检测狐胆汁对离体蟾蜍心肌细胞膜ATP酶活性的影响。结果：狐胆汁使蟾蜍离体心脏的收缩力加强,在0.3～4.0g/L浓度范围内,狐胆汁促进心肌收缩力的作用与剂量之间呈量效关系,最大效应可使心肌收缩力提高390%,心率减慢。随狐胆汁浓度提高,心肌细胞膜Ca^2＋-ATP酶活性提高,Na^＋K^＋-ATP酶、Mg^2＋-ATP酶、Ca^2＋Mg^2＋-ATP酶活性下降。结论：狐胆汁能提高蟾蜍离体心脏的功能,其作用机制有待进一步研究。     

Ultrastrukturelle und ultrahistochemische Untersuchungen an der Milchdrüse des Hundes: II. Ultrahistochemische Untersuchungen

Ultrastructural and ultrahistochemical examinations on the canine mammary gland II. Ultrahistochemical examinations Mammary glands of mostly oldder bitches were examined ultrahistochemically for the distribution of ATPase, alkaline phosphatase, and acid phosphatase. The reactions for ATPase were found regularly in the walls of the blood vessels and often on the plasma membranes of the myoepithelial and epithelial cells. However, plasma membranes adjacent to lumen and basement membrance did not show the reaction. Alkaline phosphatase was found regularly only on the plasma membranes of the myoepithelial cells. Acid phosphatase was found in the lysosomes of myoepithelial and epithelial cells, and increased in amount during the regression of the gland.     

猪带绦虫囊尾蚴体内发育过程中ATPase活性的变化

本研究测定了体内发育过程中猪囊尾蚴钠钾三磷酸腺苷酸（Na^ K^ -ATPase)、钙三磷酸腺苷酸（Ca^ -ATPase)和镁三磷酸腺苷酸（Mg^ -ATPase)活性变化，结果表明囊壁部的Na^ K^ -ATPase和头颈部Ca^ -ATPase活性在体内发育60、80、95天高于或显著高于体内发育30、40天。提示随虫体生长发育相应代谢通路加强。     

The activity and properties of adenosine triphosphatase in various swine organs (liver, cerebral and kidney cortex, small intestinal mucosa)]

Studies into the activity of adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) in homogenates of liver, cerebral cortex, renal cortex, and mucosa of small intestine of swine have shown differentiated activity patterns, with peak activity developing in the liver. This has been related to a particularly high metabolism performance of the liver in fattening pigs. No difference was found to exist between magnesium activation of ATPase of swine tissue homogenates and that in tissue obtained from ruminants. ATPase which could be activated by sodium and potassium ions and inhibited by ouabain was detectable from cerebral and renal cortex. Sodium and potassium ATPases accounts from some 25 per cent of the total activity. ATPase that could be stimulated by calcium ions was recorded only from liver homogenate. The optimum pH values of ATPase were between 7.5 and 8 in the liver, 9 in mucosa of small intestine, and 9.5 in cerebral and renal cortex.     

酵母诱导表达鸡IFN-α抗IBDV效果及其对信号分子PI3K和NF-κB的影响

试验旨在研究酵母表达鸡IFN-α抗传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）的效果及对其淋巴细胞信号分子PI3K和NF-κB p65的影响。将40只10日龄非免疫雏鸡随机分为IFN-α组和空白对照组,持续注射给药3 d后,于第3次给药后第1天开始每天心脏采血,持续3 d,并于最后一次采血后对雏鸡进行攻毒,在攻毒后开始每天心脏采血,连续3 d。通过MTT法检测淋巴增殖活性情况,ELISA测定不同时间段淋巴细胞中PI3K的水平、细胞中总NF-κB p65、细胞核中NF-κB p65蛋白表达含量及IBDV抗原量。结果显示,与对照组相比,攻毒前,IFN-α对淋巴增殖活性、细胞中PI3K和NF-κB p65的表达具有极显著地促进作用（P<0.01）;与攻毒前相比,攻毒后第1和2天IFN-α组淋巴增殖活性、细胞中PI3K和NF-κB p65的表达极显著增加（P<0.01）,IFN-α对IBDV-Ag具有极显著地抑制效果（P<0.01）。这些结果表明,IFN-α可通过增加PI3K激活NF-κB信号通路以增强机体免疫反应,并对IBDV-Ag有显著的抑制作用,本试验为IFN-α免疫增强和抗病毒作用的研究提供科学依据。     

Mitogen and mixed lymphocyte culture responses of isolated bovine lymphocyte subpopulations

Examinations were made of the mitogen and mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) responses of subpopulations of bovine lymphocytes isolated by density sedimentation following sequential E-rosetting with aminoethylisothiouronium bromide- and neuraminidase-treated sheep erythrocytes (EAET, EN). These procedures consistently separated 3 populations of E-rosetting T cells from a 4th population of non-E-rosetting cells (B and null cells). The isolated B and null cell population did not respond to phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, or pokeweed mitogen and responded minimally in mixed lymphocyte culture. Conversely, isolated T cells responded well to each of these stimuli. Moreover, differences in responsiveness were found among the 3 T-cell populations isolate by differential rosetting. T cells with receptors for both EAET and EN rosette formation were the most responsive to the mitogens used and demonstrated maximum activity in MLC. T cells with only EAET receptors had equivalent activity in MLC and less activity in response to mitogens. Cells with only EN receptors were the least active T-cell population in these assays. The different reactivities of these T-cell populations in lymphoproliferative assays indicated that they represent distinct subsets of bovine T cells.     

Interactions of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae membranes with porcine lymphocytes

Nonspecific mitogenicity of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae membranes for blood lymphocytes (BL) and bronchial lymph node lymphocytes (LNL) from swine was investigated. Additionally, the influence of respiratory tract exposure to the same membrane preparation on responsiveness of these cells was evaluated. Membranes utilized in lymphocyte transformation tests and for inoculation of swine were prepared by osmotic lysis of mycoplasma cells. Conventionally reared and cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived swine were given membranes intratracheally and responses of BL and LNL to membranes were assessed from postinoculation day 0 to 14. Utilizing a stimulation index of 3 as the cutoff, heated (56 C) M hyopneumoniae membranes exerted moderate nonspecific stimulation of BL 11 of 12 times when BL were collected from normal (control or preinoculation) swine. Similarly, LNL from conventionally reared and control groups of swine were stimulated nonspecifically 4 of 6 times by the same membrane preparations. Exposure of the respiratory tract to membranes appeared to have no influence on stimulation responses of BL at postinoculation days 6 or 13, whereas moderate to marked increases in responsiveness of LNL were detected when collected at necropsy on postinoculation days 7 or 14. These findings indicated that compartmentalization of lymphocyte sensitization in the bronchial lymph nodes resulted from respiratory tract exposure to mycoplasmal membranes. Results obtained confirm that M hyopneumoniae has a moderate nonspecific stimulatory effect on porcine lymphocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Role of carbon dioxide and ion transport in the formation of sub-embryonic fluid by the blastoderm of the Japanese quail

1. The explanted blastoderm of the Japanese quail was used to explore the role of ions and carbon dioxide in determining the rate of sub-embryonic fluid (SEF) production between 54 and 72 h of incubation. 2. Amiloride, an inhibitor of Na+/H+ exchange, at concentrations of 10(-3) to 10(-6) M substantially decreased the rate of SEF production when added to the albumen culture medium. N-ethylmaleimide, an inhibitor of V type H+ ATPase, also decreased this rate but only to a small extent at the highest dose applied, 10(-3) M. Both inhibitors had no effect on SEF production when added to the SEF. 3. The inhibitors of cellular bicarbonate and chloride exchange, 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyano-2,2'-disulphonic acid (SITS) and 4,4' diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid (DIDS), had no effect upon SEF production. 4. Ouabain, an inhibitor of Na+/K+ ATPase, decreased SEF production substantially at all concentrations added to the SEF (10(-3) to 10(-6) M). Three sulphonamide inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase, acetazolamide, ethoxzolamide and benzolamide, decreased SEF production when added to the SEF at concentrations of 10(-3) to 10(-6) M. Benzolamide was by far the most potent. Neither ouabain nor the sulphonamides altered SEF production when added to the albumen culture medium. 5. Using a cobalt precipitation method, carbonic anhydrase activity was localised to the endodermal cells of the area vasculosa. The carbonic anhydrase activity was primarily associated with the lateral plasma membranes, which together with the potent inhibitory effect of benzolamide, suggests the carbonic anhydrase of these cells is the membrane-associated form, CA IV. 6. The changes in SEF composition produced by inhibitors were consistent with the production of SEF by local osmotic gradients. 7. It is concluded that a Na+/K+ ATPase is located on the basolateral membranes of the endodermal cells of the area vasculosa, and that a sodium ion/hydrogen ion exchanger is located on their apical surfaces. Protons for this exchanger would be provided by the hydration of CO2 catalysed by the membrane-associated carbonic anhydrase. Furthermore, it is proposed that the prime function of the endodermal cells of the area vasculosa is the production of SEF.