褐飞虱对吡虫啉、噻嗪酮和氟虫腈的抗陛监测

2005年10月至2007年10月,用稻茎浸渍法测定12个褐飞虱种群对吡虫啉、噻嗪酮和氟虫腈的敏感性。结果表明：12个褐飞虱种群对吡虫啉均达高或极高水平抗性;除2005年南宁、韶关和阳江,2006年阳江及2007年永州5个褐飞虱种群对噻嗪酮仍处于敏感水平外,其余种群处于敏感性降低或达到低水平抗性;而2006年阳江褐飞虱种群对氟虫腈处于敏感性降低阶段,其余的8个种群均达到了低或中等水平抗性。     

广西不同地区褐飞虱种群对3种杀虫剂的抗性监测

2006年7月至2007年10月,用稻茎浸渍法测定了广西6个地区10个褐飞虱种群对吡虫啉、噻嗪酮和氟虫腈的敏感性.结果表明,10个褐飞虱种群对吡虫啉均达高或极高水平抗性;除2006年南宁和永福2个褐飞虱种群对扑虱灵处于敏感性降低外,其余种群对扑虱灵均达到低或中等水平抗性;除2006年南宁、玉林、永福和柳州4个褐飞虱种群及2007年贺州褐飞虱种群对氟虫腈仍处于敏感性阶段,其余种群对氟虫腈均达到了低或中等水平抗性.     

中国水稻主产区褐飞虱对3种杀虫剂的抗性监测

2006-2009年,用稻茎浸渍法连续监测了广西南宁市、广东阳江市、湖南东安县、福建福清市、江西上高县、湖北孝感市、浙江金华市、江苏通州市和安徽和县共9个地区褐飞虱种群对吡虫啉、噻嗪酮和氟虫腈的抗性变化。结果表明:褐飞虱种群对吡虫啉的抗性仍处于高水平至极高水平抗性阶段(105.5~459.7倍),但2009年监测到东安、孝感、上高种群对吡虫啉的抗性已有下降趋势;褐飞虱种群对氟虫腈的抗性有增长趋势,2006到2009年褐飞虱种群对氟虫腈由敏感至低水平抗性(<6.9倍)发展到了中水平至高水平抗性(13.5~43.3倍);由于2005年吡虫啉在高抗地区的禁用,褐飞虱种群对噻嗪酮的抗性上升速度加快,2009年已处于低水平至中水平抗性阶段(7.0~14.4倍)。这表明在吡虫啉、氟虫腈被禁用后,大面积单一使用噻嗪酮进行防治,褐飞虱对噻嗪酮的抗性有可能加速发展。     

褐飞虱对氟啶虫胺腈的抗性监测与生化抗性机制

为明确我国褐飞虱田间种群对氟啶虫胺腈的抗性现状及生化抗性机制,2017年-2019年采用稻茎浸渍法测定了采集自7省共13个褐飞虱田间种群对氟啶虫胺腈的抗性,并研究了氟啶虫胺腈抗性种群与其他杀虫剂的交互抗性以及增效剂对氟啶虫胺腈的增效效果。结果表明：近3年来褐飞虱对氟啶虫胺腈产生了中等水平抗性(RR=10.3～30.9)。氟啶虫胺腈抗性品系对呋虫胺、噻虫嗪和烯啶虫胺分别产生了9.1倍、7.9倍和4.1倍的低水平交互抗性,与噻嗪酮、毒死蜱、吡蚜酮、三氟苯嘧啶和吡虫啉不存在交互抗性。增效剂PBO对氟啶虫胺腈抗性品系和浙江龙游19(Longyou-19)田间种群分别具有4.2倍和3.8倍的明显增效作用。综上,褐飞虱田间种群已对氟啶虫胺腈产生中等水平抗性。多功能氧化酶参与了褐飞虱对氟啶虫胺腈的代谢抗性。     

吡虫啉、噻嗪酮和氟虫腈防治稻飞虱效果试验

结果表明,供试3种药剂对水稻稻飞虱总体防治效果均不理想,平均防治效果最高值吡虫啉为48．13％、噻嗪酮为50．8％、氟虫腈为54．35％;药后3、7d,噻嗪酮防效最好,其次是氟虫腈,第三是吡虫啉;药后14d防治效果最好的是氟虫腈,其次是吡虫啉,第三是噻嗪酮。吡虫啉、氟虫腈防治白背飞虱效果略好于褐飞虱,噻嗪酮防治褐飞虱效果略优于白背飞虱。     

荆州地区褐飞虱对吡虫啉、噻嗪酮的抗药性测定

为了解褐飞虱田间种群的抗性水平,笔者采用稻茎浸渍法测定了湖北荆州地区褐飞虱田间种群对吡虫啉和噻嗪酮的抗药性.结果表明,荆州地区褐飞虱田间种群对吡虫啉的抗性倍数为57.22～177.00,达到高水平至极高水平抗性;对噻嗪酮的抗性倍数为5.70～16.81,为低水平至中等水平抗性.     

灰飞虱对几种杀虫剂的抗性

采用稻苗浸渍法测定了灰飞虱对7种常用杀虫剂的抗性。2011年监测了我国江苏、浙江、安徽三省9个灰飞虱种群对噻虫嗪、烯啶虫胺、毒死蜱、吡蚜酮、噻嗪酮、高效氯氰菊酯及氟虫腈的抗性。结果表明:灰飞虱对噻虫嗪都处于敏感阶段(0.6~2.2倍);对烯啶虫胺处于敏感阶段(0.8~3.0倍);对毒死蜱产生了中-高水平抗性(17.5~83.6倍);对吡蚜酮为敏感到低水平抗性(1.9~5.5倍);对噻嗪酮的抗性为高-极高水平(136.4~271.1倍);对高效氯氰菊酯的抗性为低-中等水平(5.2~34.9倍);对氟虫腈为低水平抗性(0.9~8.0倍)。基于灰飞虱对7种药剂的抗性情况,对田间治理灰飞虱合理使用药剂进行了讨论。     

湖北省稻飞虱抗药性试验研究

对2017年农业有害生物抗性监测结果进行综合分析,明确湖北省水稻田稻飞虱对田间常用杀虫剂抗性水平现状,以指导田间合理用药。2017年我省褐飞虱田间种群对吡虫啉、噻虫嗪的抗性倍数分别是4 483.4~6 087.8、608.9~1 025.6,均处于高水平抗性阶段;对烯啶虫胺抗性倍数为7.3~11.9,处于低至中等水平抗性阶段。白背飞虱田间种群对噻嗪酮的抗性倍数是89.1~122.5,处于中等至高水平抗性阶段,对烯啶虫胺和氟啶虫胺腈的抗性倍数分别是1.4~6.1、4.7~6.9,均处于低水平抗性阶段。据此总结探讨了相应的治理对策。     

华东4地区灰飞虱对8种杀虫剂的抗性监测

为明确2021—2022年华东4地区灰飞虱田间种群对常用杀虫剂的抗性现状及抗性机理，采用稻苗浸渍法分别测定了江苏仪征、盐城，浙江长兴和安徽庐江4地区灰飞虱田间种群对8种杀虫剂的抗性水平，并测定了3种解毒酶抑制剂增效醚(PBO)、顺丁烯二酸二乙酯(DEM)和磷酸三苯酯(TPP)对噻嗪酮防治灰飞虱的增效作用。结果表明：4个灰飞虱田间种群对噻嗪酮产生了中等至高水平抗性(抗性倍数RR=61.5～148.8)；对毒死蜱产生了中等水平抗性(RR=14.9～28.3)；对烯啶虫胺(RR=0.7～9.9)、噻虫嗪(RR=1.6～8.3)、呋虫胺(RR=2.9～10.0)和氟啶虫胺腈(RR=2.5～8.7)处于敏感至低水平抗性；对吡蚜酮(RR=1.0～5.0)和三氟苯嘧啶(RR=0.5～2.3)均仍处于敏感水平。增效试验结果显示，3种解毒酶抑制剂对噻嗪酮均无显著增效作用，表明3种解毒酶可能不参与灰飞虱对噻嗪酮的抗性。研究结果可为灰飞虱的田间抗性治理提供科学指导。     

安徽庐江褐飞虱的抗药性监测及不同杀虫剂对其田间防效评价

近年来,褐飞虱田间种群已对多种药剂产生了抗性,为筛选可防控褐飞虱的高效药剂,2020年-2022年采用稻茎浸渍法连续测定了安徽省庐江县褐飞虱种群对三氟苯嘧啶、呋虫胺、烯啶虫胺、吡蚜酮、氟啶虫胺腈等5种药剂的抗性水平,并在庐江县开展了不同药剂对褐飞虱田间防效试验。室内抗性监测结果表明,2020年-2022年褐飞虱种群对吡蚜酮始终处于高水平抗性(抗性倍数104.6~154.4倍),对呋虫胺的抗性从中等水平上升至高水平(抗性倍数77.7~157.2倍),对氟啶虫胺腈、烯啶虫胺处于中等水平抗性(氟啶虫胺腈抗性倍数21.3~64.5倍、烯啶虫胺抗性倍数14.6~22.6倍),对三氟苯嘧啶处于敏感状态。庐江单季稻试验田田间试验结果表明,在推荐高剂量下,20%三氟苯嘧啶WG、10%异唑虫嘧啶SC等介离子杀虫剂对褐飞虱速效性和持效性表现较好,除了药后1 d 20%三氟苯嘧啶WG防效为74.72%外,2种药剂3~14 d的防效都在80%以上;50%烯啶虫胺SG、22%氟啶虫胺腈SC防效次之,药后1 d防效在67.63%~71.61%,药后3 d至7 d防效有所提高,为77.16%~84.13%,而药后14 d防效降为71.52%~75.77%;50%吡蚜酮WG药后1~7 d防效均在约70%,而药后14 d下降为62.12%;20%氟啶虫酰胺SC、20%呋虫胺WG、10%醚菊酯SC速效性和持效性都表现较差,药后1~14 d防治效果都在80%以下。结合室内抗药性监测和田间防治效果,说明三氟苯嘧啶等介离子类杀虫药剂作为新型杀虫剂品种,可与新烟碱类、吡蚜酮及其混剂交替轮换使用,用于抗药性褐飞虱的治理。     

Susceptibility to neonicotinoids and risk of resistance development in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Homoptera: Delphacidae)

BACKGROUND: In recent years, outbreaks of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), have occurred more frequently in China. The objective of this study was to determine the susceptibility of N. lugens to neonicotinoids and other insecticides in major rice production areas in China. RESULTS: Results indicated that substantial variations in the susceptibility to different insecticides existed in N. lugens. Field populations had developed variable resistance levels to neonicotinoids, with a high resistance level to imidacloprid (RR: 135.3–301.3‐fold), a medium resistance level to imidaclothiz (RR: 35–41.2‐fold), a low resistance level to thiamethoxam (up to 9.9‐fold) and no resistance to dinotefuran, nitenpyram and thiacloprid (RR < 3‐fold). Further examinations indicated that a field population had developed medium resistance level to fipronil (up to 10.5‐fold), and some field populations had evolved a low resistance level to buprofezin. In addition, N. lugens had been able to develop 1424‐fold resistance to imidacloprid in the laboratory after the insect was selected with imidacloprid for 26 generations. CONCLUSION: Long‐term use of imidacloprid in a wide range of rice‐growing areas might be associated with high levels of resistance in N. lugens. Therefore, insecticide resistance management strategies must be developed to prevent further increase in resistance. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Species-specific insecticide resistance to imidacloprid and fipronil in the rice planthoppers Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera in East and South-east Asia

BACKGROUND: In 2003 the development of insecticide resistance against neonicotinoids in the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Homoptera: Delphacidae), was first observed in Thailand and has since been found in other Asian countries such as Vietnam, China and Japan. However, the LD₅₀ values of BPH and the whitebacked planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horváth), against both neonicotinoid and phenylpyrazole insecticides have been poorly reported in many Asian countries. RESULTS: The topical LD₅₀ values for imidacloprid in the BPH populations collected from East Asia (Japan, China, Taiwan) and Vietnam in 2006 were 4.3–24.2 µg g^?1 and were significantly higher than those collected from the Philippines (0.18–0.35 µg g^?1). The BPH populations indicated a positive cross‐resistance between imidacloprid and thiamethoxam. Almost all the WBPH populations from Japan, Taiwan, China, Vietnam and the Philippines had extremely large LD₅₀ values (19.7–239 µg g^?1 or more) for fipronil, except for several populations from the Philippines and China. CONCLUSION: Species‐specific changes in insecticide susceptibility were found in Asian rice planthoppers (i.e. BPH for imidacloprid and WBPH for fipronil). Insecticide resistance in BPH against imidacloprid occurred in East Asia and Indochina, but not in the Philippines. In contrast, insecticide resistance in WBPH against fipronil occurred widely in East and South‐east Asia. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Fitness costs of laboratory-selected imidacloprid resistance in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål

Imidacloprid has been used as a key insecticide to control the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål, for several years, but no obvious resistance has been identified in field populations as yet. To evaluate the risk, a field population was collected and selected with imidacloprid in the laboratory. After 37‐generation selection a strain with 250‐fold resistance had been successfully achieved. Fitness analysis by constructing life tables demonstrated that resistant hoppers had obvious disadvantages in their reproduction. The fitness of highly resistant hoppers had decreased dramatically (0.169 and 0.104) to only one‐fifth to one‐tenth of that of the susceptible strain. Hence it was concluded that the brown planthopper had the potential to develop high resistance to imidacloprid but that the lower fitness of resistant hoppers could result in a quick recovery of sensitivity when the population did not come into contact with imidacloprid. This means that a reasonable resistance management programme with less imidacloprid use may efficiently delay or even stop resistance development. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

河南省灰飞虱田间种群对12种杀虫剂的抗性现状分析

为明确河南省不同地区灰飞虱田间种群对12种常用杀虫剂的抗性现状,于2020—2021年,采用稻苗浸渍法分别测定了河南新乡、濮阳、开封、驻马店及信阳等地区灰飞虱田间种群对12种杀虫剂的抗性水平。结果表明:河南省灰飞虱田间种群对噻嗪酮产生了中等水平抗性,抗性倍数 (RR) =14.9~91.1;对吡蚜酮 (RR=6.91~16.7) 和毒死蜱 (RR=8.48~70.0) 产生了低至中等水平抗性;对三唑磷 (RR=1.29~11.1) 处于敏感至中等水平抗性;对噻虫嗪 (RR=0.95~5.19) 和高效氯氟氰菊酯 (RR=3.31~7.24) 处于敏感至低水平抗性;对吡虫啉 (RR=0.89~3.92)、啶虫脒 (RR=1.11~2.33)、烯啶虫胺 (RR=0.16~0.64)、呋虫胺 (RR=1.87~3.86)、异丙威 (RR=0.47~1.37) 和氟啶虫酰胺 (RR=1.63~4.33) 均仍处于敏感水平。研究结果可为河南省田间灰飞虱的可持续性防控以及杀虫剂的科学合理使用提供参考。     

Neonicotinoid resistance in rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens

BACKGROUND: Rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål, is a primary insect pest of cultivated rice, and effective control is essential for economical crop production. Resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides, in particular imidacloprid, has been reported as an increasing constraint in recent years. In order to investigate the extent of resistance, 24 samples of N. lugens were collected from China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam during 2005 and 2006. Their responses to two diagnostic doses of imidacloprid (corresponding approximately to the LC₉₅ and 5 × LC₉₅ of a susceptible strain) were examined. RESULTS: Ten of the 12 samples collected during 2005 were found to be susceptible to imidacloprid, but two late‐season samples from India showed reduced mortality at both diagnostic doses. All 13 strains collected in 2006 showed reduced mortality at both doses when compared with the susceptible strain. Dose–response lines showed resistance in one of the most resistant field strains to be approximately 100‐fold compared with the susceptible standard. CONCLUSION: The data demonstrate the development and spread of neonicotinoid resistance in N. lugens in Asia and support reports of reduced field efficacy of imidacloprid. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

我国部分地区鲜食辣椒及其加工品中辣椒轻斑驳病毒的调查

本研究利用RT-PCR技术对我国部分地区鲜食辣椒和辣椒加工品中的辣椒轻斑驳病毒Pepper mild mottle virus(PMMoV)进行了调查。其中,鲜食辣椒样品(249份)中PMMoV检出率为75.5%;147份辣椒加工品中有97份检测到PMMoV,且所采集的每一类别的辣椒制品中都有阳性样品。调查结果表明:PMMoV不仅广泛分布于我国辣椒种植区,而且在多种辣椒加工品中的检出率也较高。该研究进一步明确了PMMoV的来源及可能的传播途径,为该病毒的防控提供了理论依据。     

不同地区灰飞虱对吡虫啉的抗性

为了明确全国不同稻区灰飞虱对吡虫啉的抗药性水平及其抗性机制,2012年采用点滴法测定了16个灰飞虱田间种群对吡虫啉的抗性倍数和3种增效剂在10个抗性种群中对吡虫啉的增效作用。结果表明,安徽安庆、合肥、江苏南京、盐城和无锡5个地区种群达到高抗水平(抗性倍数为74.1~91.2);浙江杭州、台州、湖州3个种群达到中等水平抗性(抗性倍数为35.8~47.7),福建福州和广东广州达到低水平抗性(抗性倍数为18.4~21.3),其他地区种群处于敏感性下降阶段。增效剂增效结果表明,氧化胡椒基丁醚(PBO)和磷酸三苯酯(TPP)在5个高抗种群和2个低抗种群中对吡虫啉均具有增效作用,表明P450单加氧酶和羧酸酯酶是抗性产生的主要代谢机制,而3个中抗种群中,仅PBO对吡虫啉表现出显著的增效作用,说明这3个种群仅有P450单加氧酶是其抗性上升的主要代谢机制。顺丁烯二酸二乙酯(DEM)在测定的10个种群中对吡虫啉均没有增效作用,说明谷胱甘肽S-转移酶没有参与其抗性上升。建议在中等水平至高水平抗性地区暂停使用吡虫啉防治灰飞虱。     

Imidacloprid resistance and its mechanisms in field populations of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål in China

Imidacloprid is a key insecticide universally used for control of brown planthopper (BPH), and its resistance had been studied previously with laboratory selected strains. When the failure in field control happened in China in 2005, imidacloprid resistance in field populations of BPH (AQ, NJ, GL and WJ) was monitored and studied. The results demonstrated that the BPH of field populations had developed moderate to high level of resistance to imidacloprid. This resistance is attributed mainly to the enhanced P450 monooxygenases detoxification and could be enhanced in the same growing season if the insecticide was sprayed over and over. Further studies revealed that imidacloprid resistant hoppers did not show cross-resistance to all the neonicotinoid insecticides and high level of imidacloprid resistance in BPH was very unstable. Thus, efficient substitute neonicotinoids could be selected and “window control” could be implemented in resistance management. For checking the resistance mutation previously reported in laboratory selected strains, new corresponding target subunit genes were cloned and sequenced, but no mutations were found associated consistently with resistance.