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2008年全国农业有害生物抗药性监测结果 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
全国农业技术推广服务中心 《中国植保导刊》2009,29(5)
2008年全国农业技术推广服务中心组织辽宁、河北、山东、山西、陕西、河南、江苏、安徽、湖北、江西、新疆、海南、广西、福建、浙江、云南等省(自治区)65个抗药性监测点对褐飞虱、二化螟、棉铃虫、棉蚜的抗药性进行了监测. 相似文献
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褐飞虱对甲胺磷、扑虱灵的抗药性现状及发展趋势 总被引:15,自引:1,他引:15
本文报道采用点滴法和浸苗法监测江苏地区褐飞虱对甲胺磷、扑虱灵抗药性的现状及发展趋势。从1993年到1995年褐飞虱对甲胺磷的抗药性指数为4.9~10.2,属耐药到低抗性水平;对扑虱灵的抗药性指数为2.4~3.1,耐药性明显增加。经连续筛选8代,褐飞虱对甲胺磷和扑虱灵的抗性分别增加5倍和6.5倍,显示这2种药剂大面积连续使用抗药性会继续增加,其中对扑虱灵的抗药性上升速度略快于对甲胺磷。 相似文献
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灰飞虱对杀虫剂抗药性的研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
灰飞虱对杀虫剂产生抗药性是其近年来暴发频繁的重要原因。本文综述了国内外关于灰飞虱抗药性的研究成果,包括灰飞虱抗药性的发展、交互抗性、抗性机理、抗性遗传及生物适合度等。田间灰飞虱种群对多种药剂产生了不同程度的抗药性,其中对新烟碱类药剂吡虫啉和昆虫生长调节剂噻嗪酮产生了高水平到极高水平抗性(抗药性倍数分别为44.6~108.8倍和超过200倍),对有机磷类药剂毒死蜱和乙酰甲胺磷(抗药性倍数分别为10~12.6倍和9~13倍)、氨基甲酸酯类药剂甲萘威和残杀威(抗药性倍数分别为29.8~45.3倍和40.1~131.5倍)和拟除虫菊酯类药剂高效氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯(抗药性倍数分别为7.8~108.8倍和12~21倍)产生了中等水平到高水平的抗药性,对氟虫腈、阿维菌素和噻虫嗪没有产生抗药性(抗性倍数5倍)。长期大面积使用化学药剂是灰飞虱产生抗药性的重要原因。因此,必须加强灰飞虱的抗性治理,以延缓其抗药性进一步发展。 相似文献
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粉虱是世界上一类重要的害虫,随着化学杀虫剂的连续使用,其抗药性也日益严重。本文对粉虱类害虫的抗药性监测、机理及风险评估方法进行了综述,旨在对粉虱抗药性工作能提供一定的帮助。 相似文献
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The dermal penetration of 2,4-D, cyhexatin, fenvalerate, paraquat, maleic hydrazide, and captan was determined at 1, 6, and 24 hr after application to a 1.2-cm2 area of the upperback of 7- to 8-week-old mice (1 mg/kg). The amounts of labeled pesticide were measured at the site of application and in the blood, liver, kidney, excreta, and carcass. Ninety-five percent, or greater, were recovered in all cases. These compounds were found to penetrate much slower (21% or less in 24 hr) than was shown for a group of insecticides (parathion, permethrin, carbofuran, and dieldrin, for example) in previous reports. Whereas slow penetration could be explained by low partition coefficients for most compounds, both fenvalerate and cyhexatin (high lipophilicity) were also found to have slow penetration rates. These compounds did not indicate any propensity for appreciable storage or binding in the tissues examined. The carcass contained the greatest amount of radioactivity at 24 hr. The fraction of each compound that penetrated was eliminated from the body at various rates with excretion being lowest for paraquat (50%) and highest for 2,4-D (93%) at 24 hr. 相似文献
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农药的施用方式和施用效果与其在植物中的内吸和传导行为密切相关。农药在植物表面和内部的内吸和传导行为,不仅与其自身理化性质有关,还受植物种类、生长期、生长条件及施药方式等因素的影响。研究农药在植物体内的内吸和传导行为及其影响因素,对于选择合适的施药技术及提高农药利用率具有重要的指导意义。本文综述了农药在植物体内的内吸和传导行为、传导方式与施药技术的关系以及影响农药内吸和传导行为的因素,并提出改善农药内吸和传导行为的措施,以期为农药的安全合理施用提供一定的理论支撑。 相似文献
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The total value of agricultural production in the Ukraine amounts to $30 billion, equivalent to 30% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The annual cost of pesticide inputs is estimated to be $200–225 million. Herbicides and insecticides account for approximately 50% and 30% of pesticide use, respectively. The government has introduced a National Programme for the development of agricultural production over the next five to eight years. The programme envisages an expansion in agricultural production and pesticide use and a continuation of the move towards a free‐market economy. Improvements in crop yield and quality will benefit both the individual grower and the national economy. In the transition to the free‐market economy, growers require a clear understanding of present pesticide technology and crop production systems. A major change of attitude is required by all those people involved in providing and using pesticides to ensure that they are used both economically and safely. To address this issue, a Regional Academic Programme (REAP), involving Writtle College and Bila Tserkva State Agrarian University, has been initiated. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献