氟啶虫胺腈对麦蚜的防治效果

测定了河南许昌、山东汶上、江苏邗江3地两种麦蚜对吡虫啉、啶虫脒和氟啶虫胺腈的抗性水平,并在3地开展了田间防效试验。室内抗性监测结果表明,禾谷缢管蚜种群对吡虫啉处于敏感至低水平抗性状态(抗性倍数0.30~7.00倍),对氟啶虫胺腈处于敏感状态;麦长管蚜种群对吡虫啉、氟啶虫胺腈都处于敏感状态。田间试验结果表明,在河南许昌、山东汶上、江苏邗江3地试验田50%氟啶虫胺腈WG对麦蚜田间防治效果药后3d为81.6%~88.0%,药后7d为79.2%~89.7%,明显优于对照药剂10%吡虫啉WP、5%啶虫脒WP的防治效果。结合室内抗药性监测和田间防治效果,说明氟啶虫胺腈作为新型杀虫剂品种,可作为轮换或替代药剂用于麦蚜的抗性治理。     

两种麦蚜对杀虫剂的敏感性测定

用浸叶法测定了麦长管蚜和禾谷缢管蚜对 7种杀虫剂的敏感性。结果表明 ,麦长管蚜对 7种杀虫剂的分布均匀度呈以下规律 :辛硫磷 <毒死蜱 <吡虫啉 <抗蚜威 <啶虫脒 <氧乐果 <甲基对硫磷 ;LC₅₀按以下次序增大 :啶虫脒 ,辛硫磷 ,毒死蜱 ,抗蚜威 ,甲基对硫磷 ,吡虫啉 ,氧乐果。禾谷缢管蚜对 6种杀虫剂敏感性分布均匀度呈以下规律 :吡虫啉 <毒死蜱 <啶虫脒 <抗蚜威 <甲基对硫磷 <氧乐果 ;LC₅₀按以下次序增大 :啶虫脒 ,毒死蜱 ,吡虫啉 ,抗蚜威 ,甲基对硫磷 ,氧乐果。麦长管蚜和禾谷缢管蚜对 7种杀虫剂的敏感性依次为 :啶虫脒 <甲基对硫磷 <抗蚜威 <毒死蜱 <氧乐果 <吡虫啉。     

太原市不同地区苹果黄蚜抗药性水平监测

本文用FAO推荐的微量点滴法对太原市两地区的苹果黄蚜的抗药性变化进行了监测,结果发现在2010—2013的四年中,不同地区苹果黄蚜对不同药剂的敏感性变化不同。其中清徐地区苹果黄蚜对毒死蜱、乙酰甲胺磷、甲基阿维菌素、氧化乐果、马拉硫磷的敏感性有降低的趋势,其中对氧化乐果的抗性增长最大,为原来的138.94倍,对吡虫啉、啶虫脒、高效氯氰菊酯的敏感性有升高的趋势,其中对啶虫脒的敏感性升高最明显,敏感性升高为原来的27.68倍;阳曲地区黄蚜对吡虫啉、乙酰甲胺磷、甲基阿维菌素、氧化乐果、马拉硫磷的敏感性有降低的趋势,其中对马拉硫磷的抗性增长最快,为原来的151.02倍,对毒死蜱、啶虫脒、高效氯氰菊酯的敏感性有升高的趋势,其中对高效氯氰菊酯的敏感性升高最明显,敏感性升高为原来的1.735 2倍;清徐地区黄蚜对各种药剂的敏感性增长顺序为:氧化乐果乙酰甲胺磷毒死蜱马拉硫磷甲基阿维菌素吡虫啉高效氯氰菊酯啶虫脒,阳曲地区黄蚜对各种药剂的敏感性增长顺序为:马拉硫磷乙酰甲胺磷氧化乐果甲基阿维菌素吡虫啉毒死蜱啶虫脒高效氯氰菊酯。     

8种杀虫剂对苹果树绣线菊蚜的田间防效评价

对8种不同作用机理杀虫剂防治苹果树绣线菊蚜的效果进行了田间试验。结果表明:马拉硫磷、啶虫脒、高效氯氰菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、噻虫嗪、吡虫啉、硫丹、阿维菌素均是防治苹果绣线菊蚜的有效药剂。啶虫脒和吡虫啉为防治苹果绣线菊蚜的首选药剂。噻虫嗪、马拉硫磷、硫丹可作为专用杀蚜剂。阿维菌素、高效氯氰菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯可作为防治绣线菊蚜的兼治药剂,一般不推荐为专用杀蚜剂。     

宁夏地区烟粉虱对5种常用杀虫剂的抗药性

采用浸叶法分别测定了宁夏8个地区烟粉虱成虫田间种群对4类5种杀虫剂的抗性。结果表明,供试烟粉虱种群对高效氯氰菊酯已产生了中等至极高水平抗性,抗性倍数为33.31~227.98倍;对烯啶虫胺产生了中等至高水平抗性,抗性倍数为12.14~69.33倍;对毒死蜱和吡虫啉产生了低至中等水平抗性,抗性倍数分别为7.63~38.85倍和6.05~22.43倍,个别地区种群对吡虫啉尚处于敏感水平;对阿维菌素处于敏感性降低至中等水平抗性,抗性倍数为4.54~13.22倍。烟粉虱对5种杀虫剂的抗性有明显的区域性,抗性最为普遍且严重的地区为贺兰新平和吴忠,其次为贺兰产业园、石嘴山大武口、中卫和永宁,而西夏区军马场、固原烟粉虱种群的抗性则相对较低。对银川3地烟粉虱抗药性监测结果表明,在5种杀虫剂中,其对高效氯氰菊酯的抗性发展最为迅速,其次为烯啶虫胺,对阿维菌素和吡虫啉的抗性发展相对较慢,而西夏区军马场和贺兰产业园种群对毒死蜱敏感性有所恢复。     

氟啶虫胺腈与其他药剂复配对苹果黄蚜的联合毒力及效果评价

针对苹果黄蚜防治药剂类型单一、药剂敏感性下降等问题,采用浸叶法开展几种药剂对苹果黄蚜室内毒力测定,并用共毒系数法进行联合毒力评价。结果显示,氟啶虫胺腈和阿维菌素在8∶1～1∶8、氟啶虫胺腈和吡虫啉1∶1、氟啶虫胺腈和高效氯氟氰菊酯在4∶1～1∶4配比范围对苹果黄蚜有增效作用,3种组合最佳增效比均为1∶1。田间应用结果显示,药后3～21 d,22%氟啶虫胺腈SC单剂对苹果黄蚜防效达94.77%～99.40%;22%氟啶虫胺腈SC分别与5%阿维菌素EC、70%吡虫啉WG和2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯EW按有效成分1∶1混配后对苹果黄蚜防效达86.43%～97.00%,均显著高于相应单剂对照,持效期可达21 d。推荐采用氟啶虫胺腈单剂及氟啶虫胺腈与阿维菌素、吡虫啉或高效氯氟氰菊酯混配剂作为替代药剂防治苹果黄蚜。     

华北地区棉蚜对5种杀虫剂的敏感性监测

采用浸叶法检测了山东、河北和河南7个棉蚜田间种群对5种常用杀虫剂的敏感性.生测结果表明:山东临沂地区,采自花椒树上的棉蚜对5种杀虫剂的敏感性高,仅对噻虫嗪和高效氯氟氰菊酯产生了低水平抗性,对吡虫啉、氟啶虫胺腈和毒死蜱处于敏感水平.7个棉蚜田间种群对毒死蜱的抗性水平较低,抗性倍数在1.50～7.56倍之间.山东、河南地区...     

杀虫剂对2种麦蚜的敏感性和选择性测定

用浸叶法测定了麦长管蚜和黍缢管蚜对几种杀虫剂的敏感性和选择性。结果表明 ,麦长管蚜对几种杀虫剂的敏感性呈以下规律 :辛硫磷<毒死蜱<吡虫啉<抗蚜威<啶虫咪<氧化乐果<甲基对硫磷 ;致死中浓度 (LC50)按以下次序增大 :啶虫脒 ,辛硫磷 ,毒死蜱 ,抗蚜威 ,甲基对硫磷 ,吡虫啉 ,氧化乐果。黍缢管蚜对几种杀虫剂敏感性呈以下规律 :吡虫啉<毒死蜱<啶虫脒<抗蚜威<甲基对硫磷<氧化乐果 ,致死中浓度 (LC50)按以下次序增大 :啶虫脒 ,毒死蜱 ,吡虫啉 ,抗蚜威 ,甲基对硫磷 ,氧化乐果。麦长管蚜和黍缢管蚜对几种杀虫剂的选择性依次为 :啶虫咪<甲基对硫磷<抗蚜威<毒死蜱<氧化乐果<吡虫啉     

14种杀虫剂对芹菜蚜的毒力及协同增效研究

本研究旨在明确不同杀虫剂对芹菜蚜的毒力以及杀虫剂复配对芹菜蚜的协同增效作用,从而找出最佳的农药配比,对芹菜蚜进行科学有效地防治。通过浸渍法测定了14种杀虫剂单剂及烯啶虫胺与氟啶虫胺腈复配组合物对芹菜蚜的室内毒力;同时采用玻璃管药膜法测定了吡虫啉、噻虫嗪和高效氯氟氰菊酯对芹菜蚜虫的触杀毒力。结果表明:供试药剂对芹菜蚜虫毒力大小顺序为:噻虫嗪氟啶虫胺腈烯啶虫胺高效氯氟氰菊酯环氧虫啶吡虫啉氟啶虫酰胺噻虫胺吡啶喹唑啉噻虫啉吡蚜酮呋虫胺啶虫脒戊吡虫胍;协同增效研究结果表明,当烯啶虫胺与氟啶虫胺腈的配比为20:1、10:1、8:1、1:6、1:8、1:10、1:20时,共毒系数均 300,表现出明显的增效作用。其中以烯啶虫胺:氟啶虫胺腈为1:10时增效作用最显著,增效系数达到900.87; 3种杀虫剂的触杀毒力大小为:噻虫嗪吡虫啉高效氯氟氰菊酯。该研究为芹菜蚜虫的科学防控提供了药剂指导,同时,烯啶虫胺和氟啶虫胺腈按1:10复配能够大大提高对芹菜蚜的毒力,从而起到减少杀虫剂使用量的目的。     

河北省不同地区棉蚜种群对6种杀虫剂的抗性动态

为了明确河北省不同地区棉蚜种群对主要杀虫剂的抗性水平及其发展趋势,采用浸渍法,于2014—2020年分别测定了河北省保定、沧州和邯郸地区棉蚜种群对6种杀虫剂的敏感性。结果表明:与国内历史敏感基线相比较,河北省棉蚜对高效氯氰菊酯、丁硫克百威、吡虫啉和氟啶虫胺腈的抗性均达到高抗至极高抗水平,抗性最高分别达到242、13353、1367和205倍;对氧乐果和噻虫嗪的抗性也达到中等至高水平抗性。应用Pearson相关性分析评估各药剂的logLC₅₀值的相关性,发现保定种群对吡虫啉和氟啶虫胺腈 (r = 0.77, p = 0.041)、噻虫嗪和氟啶虫胺腈 (r = 0.98, p < 0.001) 的抗性呈显著正相关;沧州种群对高效氯氰菊酯和丁硫克百威 (r = 0.81, p = 0.027)、高效氯氰菊酯和噻虫嗪 (r = 0.90, p = 0.006)、丁硫克百威和噻虫嗪 (r = 0.91, p = 0.005) 的抗性呈显著正相关;邯郸种群对高效氯氰菊酯和噻虫嗪 (r = 0.83, p = 0.022)、高效氯氰菊酯和氟啶虫胺腈 (r = 0.97, p < 0.001)、丁硫克百威和氟啶虫胺腈 (r = 0.77, p = 0.045) 的抗性呈显著正相关。本研究结果表明,河北省棉蚜种群对6种杀虫剂的抗性显著,且可能存在严重的交互抗性。     

灰飞虱对杀虫剂抗药性的研究进展

灰飞虱对杀虫剂产生抗药性是其近年来暴发频繁的重要原因。本文综述了国内外关于灰飞虱抗药性的研究成果,包括灰飞虱抗药性的发展、交互抗性、抗性机理、抗性遗传及生物适合度等。田间灰飞虱种群对多种药剂产生了不同程度的抗药性,其中对新烟碱类药剂吡虫啉和昆虫生长调节剂噻嗪酮产生了高水平到极高水平抗性(抗药性倍数分别为44.6～108.8倍和超过200倍),对有机磷类药剂毒死蜱和乙酰甲胺磷(抗药性倍数分别为10～12.6倍和9～13倍)、氨基甲酸酯类药剂甲萘威和残杀威(抗药性倍数分别为29.8～45.3倍和40.1～131.5倍)和拟除虫菊酯类药剂高效氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯(抗药性倍数分别为7.8～108.8倍和12～21倍)产生了中等水平到高水平的抗药性,对氟虫腈、阿维菌素和噻虫嗪没有产生抗药性(抗性倍数5倍)。长期大面积使用化学药剂是灰飞虱产生抗药性的重要原因。因此,必须加强灰飞虱的抗性治理,以延缓其抗药性进一步发展。     

河南省灰飞虱田间种群对12种杀虫剂的抗性现状分析

为明确河南省不同地区灰飞虱田间种群对12种常用杀虫剂的抗性现状,于2020—2021年,采用稻苗浸渍法分别测定了河南新乡、濮阳、开封、驻马店及信阳等地区灰飞虱田间种群对12种杀虫剂的抗性水平。结果表明:河南省灰飞虱田间种群对噻嗪酮产生了中等水平抗性,抗性倍数 (RR) =14.9~91.1;对吡蚜酮 (RR=6.91~16.7) 和毒死蜱 (RR=8.48~70.0) 产生了低至中等水平抗性;对三唑磷 (RR=1.29~11.1) 处于敏感至中等水平抗性;对噻虫嗪 (RR=0.95~5.19) 和高效氯氟氰菊酯 (RR=3.31~7.24) 处于敏感至低水平抗性;对吡虫啉 (RR=0.89~3.92)、啶虫脒 (RR=1.11~2.33)、烯啶虫胺 (RR=0.16~0.64)、呋虫胺 (RR=1.87~3.86)、异丙威 (RR=0.47~1.37) 和氟啶虫酰胺 (RR=1.63~4.33) 均仍处于敏感水平。研究结果可为河南省田间灰飞虱的可持续性防控以及杀虫剂的科学合理使用提供参考。     

Toxicity of insecticides to the sweetpotato whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and its natural enemies

Efficient chemical control is achieved when insecticides are active against insect pests and safe to natural enemies. In this study, the toxicity of 17 insecticides to the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), and the selectivity of seven insecticides to natural enemies of this insect pest were evaluated. To determine the insecticide toxicity, B. tabaci adults were exposed to abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid, cartap, imidacloprid, malathion, methamidophos, bifenthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, fenitrothion, fenpropathrin, fenthion, phenthoate, permethrin and trichlorphon at 50 and 100% of the field rate (FR), and to water (untreated control). To determine the insecticide selectivity, adults of Encarsia sp., Acanthinus sp., Discodon sp. and Lasiochilus sp. were exposed to abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid, cartap, imidacloprid, malathion and methamidophos at 50 and 100% FR, and to water. Groups of each insect species were exposed to kale leaves preimmersed in each treatment under laboratory conditions. Mortality of exposed individuals was recorded 24 h after treatment. Cartap and imidacloprid at 50 and 100% FR and abamectin and acetamiprid at 100% FR showed insecticidal activity to B. tabaci adults. Abamectin at 50 and 100% FR was the least insecticidal compound to the natural enemies Acanthinus sp., Discodon sp. and Lasiochilus sp. The present results suggest that abamectin at 100% FR may decrease B. tabaci field populations but can still be harmless to predators. Implications of these results within an integrated pest management context are discussed.     

Resistance of Pakistani field populations of spotted bollworm Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to pyrethroid,organophosphorus and new chemical insecticides

BACKGROUND: The spotted bollworm Earias vittella (Fab.) is a serious pest of cotton and okra in Pakistan. Owing to persistent use of insecticides, this pest has developed resistance, especially to pyrethroids. The present studies aimed at determining the extent of resistance to pyrethroid, organophosphorus and new chemical insecticides in Pakistani populations of E. vittella. RESULTS: Field populations of E. vittella were monitored at Multan, Pakistan, from 1999 to 2007 for their resistance against six pyrethroid, four organophosphorus and six new chemical insecticides using a leaf‐dip bioassay. Of the pyrethroids, resistance was generally low to zeta‐cypermethrin and moderate to high or very high to cypermethrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, bifenthrin and lambda‐cyhalothrin. Resistance to organophosphates chlorpyrifos, profenofos, triazophos and phoxim was recorded at very low to low levels. Among new chemicals, E. vittella had no or a very low resistance to spinosad, emamectin benzoate and methoxyfenozide, a very low to low resistance to abamectin, a very low to moderate resistance to indoxacarb and a moderate resistance to chlorfenapyr. CONCLUSION: The results indicate a lack of cross‐resistance between pyrethroid and organophosphorus insecticides in E. vittella. Rotation of insecticides showing no, very low or low resistance, but belonging to different insecticide classes with unrelated modes of action, may prevent or mitigate insecticide resistance in E. vittella. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

小菜蛾对阿维菌素B_1抗药性选育及交互抗性

用阿维菌素B_1(abamectin)对小菜蛾敏感种群在室内进行抗性品系选育。经过25代连续汰选,获得抗性种群Laba-R,与选育前比较,抗性提高100倍。Laba-R种群在不接触任何药剂条件下饲养20代,抗性逐渐下降,很难恢复到选育前的敏感状态。抗性汰选前后分别测定10种药剂的剂量-死亡率毒力回归线,发现Laba-R抗性种群对乙酰甲胺磷、锐劲特、灭多威、敌敌畏不存在交互抗性;对溴氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、杀虫双、巴丹和Bt的敏感性略有下降,但无明显交互抗性。活体增效剂试验表明,增效醚(PBO)和磷酸三苯酯(TPP)对阿维菌素B_1均有明显的增效作用,其中PBO的增效活性尤为显著,它能使对阿维菌素B_1产生100多倍抗药性的小菜蛾完全恢复其敏感性。说明多功能氧化酶解毒代谢增强可能是小菜蛾对阿维菌素B_1产生抗性的主导因素之一。     

Potentiation/antagonism of deltamethrin and cypermethrins with organophosphate insecticides in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The joint action of pyrethroids deltamethrin and cypermethrins in combination with organophosphates ethion, profenofos, chlorpyrifos, quinalphos, and triazophos was studied on putatively resistant field populations of Helicoverpa armigera from Pakistan by using a leaf-dip method. Ethion produced a good potentiation with deltamethrin, cypermethrin, alphacypermethrin, and zetacypermethrin, whereas profenofos, chlorpyrifos, quinalphos, and triazophos exhibited an antagonism with deltamethrin as well as cypermethrins. Implications of using mixtures for counteracting insecticide resistance are discussed.     

Efficacy of insecticide mixtures against pyrethroid‐ and organophosphate‐resistant populations of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

BACKGROUND: Spodoptera litura (F.) is an important pest worldwide, with over 112 host plants, and is exposed to insecticides throughout the year, resulting in the rapid development of resistance. Insecticide mixtures can delay the development of resistance more effectively than sequences or rotations. Cypermethrin, deltamethrin, profenofos, chlorpyrifos and fipronil were assessed separately and in mixtures against laboratory susceptible S. litura and two field‐collected populations. RESULTS: The field‐collected population from Khanewal (KWL) was significantly more resistant to cypermethrin, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos and profenofos than one collected from Muzaffar Garh (MGH). Mixtures of cypermethrin + chlorpyrifos or profenofos and of deltamethrin + chlorpyrifos or profenofos at 1:1, 1:10 and 1:20 ratios significantly increased (P < 0.01) toxicity to cypermethrin and deltamethrin in field populations. The combination indices of cypermethrin + chlorpyrifos at 1:1 and 1:10 ratios and cypermethrin + fipronil at 1:1, 1:10 and 1:20 ratios for the KWL strain and of cypermethrin + profenofos or fipronil at 1:1, 1:10 and 1:20 ratios for MGH were significantly below 1, suggesting synergistic interactions. The inhibitors DEF and PBO largely overcame resistance to deltamethrin, cypermethrin and profenofos, suggesting that resistance to the insecticides was associated with esterase and monooxygenase detoxification respectively. CONCLUSION: Chlorpyrifos, profenofos and fipronil could be used in mixtures to restore cypermethrin and deltamethrin susceptibility. These findings may have considerable practical implications for S. litura resistance management. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

新疆MEAM1烟粉虱隐种对吡虫啉的抗性遗传力分析及交互抗性测定

采用Tabashnik的域性状指标分析了新疆MEAM1(Middle-East-Asia-Minor l)烟粉虱隐种对吡虫啉的抗性现实遗传力(h2)和不同致死率下的抗性发展速率,同时测定了抗性种群对不同类型杀虫剂的交互抗性。结果表明,在30%~50%较低的选择压力下,新疆MEAM1烟粉虱隐种连续汰选8代后,对吡虫啉的抗性上升28.01倍,抗性现实遗传力h2为0.429 7。假设田间种群现实遗传力为实验室筛选估算值的1/2,即h2=0.214 9,对新疆MEAM1烟粉虱隐种对吡虫啉的抗性发展速率估算结果表明:在药剂选择压力为50%~60%下,若使其对吡虫啉的抗性增长10倍,则需要生长10~8代;而在药剂选择压力为70%~90%下,若使其抗性增长10倍,则仅需要生长6~4代。表明新疆MEAM1烟粉虱隐种对吡虫啉产生抗性的风险很大。交互抗性测定结果显示:抗性种群对同类型的杀虫剂吡虫清和噻虫嗪分别产生了10.78倍和4.75倍的中等至低水平交互抗性;对多杀菌素、毒死蜱、吡丙醚和高效氯氰菊酯的敏感性有所降低;对阿维菌素、氟啶虫胺腈和乙基多杀菌素等杀虫剂则无交互抗性。     

我国棉蚜对吡虫啉和氟啶虫胺腈抗性水平监测与交互抗性分析

为了解我国不同地区棉蚜Aphis gossypii对吡虫啉和氟啶虫胺腈的抗性现状,对代表性棉区棉蚜田间种群进行抗药性监测,同时通过构建具有R81T及V62I单突变和R81T-V62I共同突变的棉蚜烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体（nicotinic acetylcholine receptor,nAChR）蛋白模型,与吡虫啉和氟啶虫胺腈进行分子对接,分析这些突变在吡虫啉和氟啶虫胺腈抗性中的作用,并分析吡虫啉和氟啶虫胺腈之间是否存在交互抗性。结果显示,不同地区棉蚜对吡虫啉产生了高水平抗性,抗性倍数为174.70~56 409.18,对氟啶虫胺腈产生了低至中等水平抗性,抗性倍数为7.35~44.63,说明不同地区的棉蚜对氟啶虫胺腈的敏感度高于吡虫啉,且吡虫啉抗性和氟啶虫胺腈抗性间不存在相关性。R81T、V62I单突变和R81T-V62I共同突变导致吡虫啉与棉蚜nAChR的亲和力降低,对氟啶虫胺腈与棉蚜nAChR的结合无明显影响。R81T及V62I单突变和R81T-V62I共同突变导致棉蚜对吡虫啉产生靶标抗性,但是对氟啶虫胺腈的抗性无明显影响,这些突变不会导致吡虫啉与氟啶虫胺腈产生靶标突变的交互抗性。