从进境旅客携带的露兜树植物中截获香蕉穿孔线虫

2004年1月16日,广州机场局查验新加坡航班旅客时截获两株植物露兜树(Pandanus tectorius BL. var. Littoralis SOL),送广州局植检实验室线虫检验,植检室将其根系及介质进行线虫分离,发现有香蕉穿孔线虫｛Radopholus similes(Cobb,1983) Thorne,1949｝,咖啡短体线虫(Pratylenchus coffeae),sp.)、真滑刃线虫(Aphenlenchoides sp.)和垫刃线虫(Tylenchus sp.).     

海南岛反季节蔬菜根际寄生线虫种类记述

从海南岛反季节蔬菜根际土壤中分离鉴定出9属12种寄生线虫,分别为肾形肾状线虫(Rotylenchulus reniformis LinfordOliverira,1940)、双宫螺旋线虫[Helicotylenchus dihystera(Cobb,1893)Sher,1961]、刻尾螺旋线虫(H.crenacauda Sher,1966)、咖啡短体线虫[Pratylenchus coffeae(Zimmermann,1898)FilipjevSchuurmans Stekhoven,1941]、穿刺短体线虫[P.penetrans(Cobb,1917)Chitwood,Oteifa,1952]、尖突潜根线虫[Hirschmanniella mucronata(Das,1960)LucGoodey,1963]、异头丝尾垫刃线虫(Filenchus heterocephalus XieFeng,1996)、塞氏纽带线虫(Hoplolaimus seinhorsti Luc,1958)、燕麦真滑刃线虫(Aphelenchus avenae Bastian,1865)、类双尾滑刃线虫(Aphelenchoides parabicaudatus Shavrov,1967)、内卷滑刃线虫(A.involutus Minagawa,1992)和较小拟毛刺线虫[Paratrichodorus minor(Colbran,1956)Siddiqi,1974]。其中,异头丝尾垫刃线虫和内卷滑刃线虫为海南岛新纪录种。     

日本盆景中截获的短体线虫与根结线虫的鉴定

2014年,天津口岸从日本进境盆景中截获3种短体线虫和1种根结线虫。通过形态学和DNA条形码方法将截获的短体线虫鉴定为朱顶红短体线虫(Pratylenchus hippeastri)、伤残短体线虫(P.vulnus)和穿刺短体线虫(P.penetrans)。根据形态学并结合特异PCR和DNA条形码方法,将截获的根结线虫2龄幼虫鉴定为南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)。朱顶红短体线虫是短体线虫属非中国种,为我国进境植物检疫性有害生物,在挪威槭和榉树盆景中截获该线虫为国内外首次报道。     

云南进境种苗(球)上的线虫及重要种的描述

近年来,云南口岸引进国外种苗(球)呈逐年递增趋势,检出线虫也增多,据不完全统计,2002年进境种苗(球)1179批,1300多万株(球),检出线虫85次;2003年1～9月1421批,3200多万株(球),检出线虫110次;其中,包括重要的植物寄生线虫鳞球茎茎线虫(Ditylenchus dipsaci)、穿刺短体线虫(Pratylenchus penetrans)、咖啡短体线虫(P.coffeae)、草莓滑刃线虫(Aphelenchoides fragariae)、根结线虫(Meloidogyne spp.)等数十批次.     

山西省窖藏薯类块茎中2种短体线虫的种类鉴定

本文采用传统形态学与分子生物学相结合的方法,对采自山西省窖藏马铃薯和薯蓣块茎中的短体线虫进行了种类鉴定。结果表明,从马铃薯块茎中分离出的短体线虫形态学特征与斯克里布纳短体线虫Pratylenchus scribneri一致,其SSU序列与P. scribneri美国群体相似性达99.8%。从薯蓣块茎中分离出的短体线虫形态学特征与咖啡短体线虫P. coffeae一致,其ITS序列与P. coffeae浙江群体相似性达98.8%。斯克里布纳短体线虫首次在我国马铃薯块茎中发现,咖啡短体线虫首次在山西省薯蓣块茎中发现。     

兰科植物寄生线虫调查鉴定初报

为明确国内兰科植物寄生线虫的发生情况和主要种类,对来自9省(市)的23属213株兰科植物及其介质进行了调查.初步鉴定出短体属、滑刃属、长尾属、针属、剑属、茎属、真滑刃属、垫刃属、丝尾垫刃属、螺旋属和突腔唇属共11属植物寄生线虫.其中,滑刃属、垫刃属、茎属、真滑刃属和螺旋属线虫的检出率较高,分别为39.4％、14.6％、...     

福建省花生根部寄生线虫种类鉴定

从福建省花生(Arachis hypogaea Linn.)根部及根际土壤中共分离鉴定出11种植物寄生线虫:肾状肾形线虫(Rotylenchulus reniformis)、咖啡短体线虫(Pratylenchus coffeae)、饰环矮化线虫(Tylenchorhynchus annula-tus)、装饰小环线虫(Criconemella ornata)、双宫螺旋线虫(Helicotylenchus dihystera)、食菌茎线虫(Ditylenchusmyceliophagus)、蘑菇滑刃线虫(Aphlenchoides composticola)、燕麦真滑刃线虫(Aphelenchus avenae)、广东杆垫刃线虫(Rhabdotylenchus guangdongensis)、丝尾垫刃线虫(Filenchus sp.)和根结线虫(Meloidogyne sp.)。其中肾状肾形线虫、咖啡短体线虫、装饰小环线虫和根结线虫为花生的重要寄生线虫。     

甘肃省蔬菜根际寄生线虫的研究

2002年3～8月,对甘肃省部分地区蔬菜根际的植物寄生线虫进行了广泛调查,从番茄、辣椒、茄子、黄瓜等的根际土壤样品中共分离鉴定出线虫7个属14个种,包括3种矮化线虫(Tylenchorhynchus clarus, T.mashhoodi, T.aerolatus)、2种节纹线虫(Merlinius brevidens, M.communium)、3种短体线虫(Pratylenchus neglectus, P.hexincisus, P.scribneri)、3种丝尾垫刃线虫(Filenchus cylindricollis, F.vulgaris,F.ditissimus)、燕麦真滑刃线虫(Aphelenchus avenae)、双宫螺旋线虫(Helicotylenchus dihystera)、活泼平滑垫刃线虫(Psilenchus hilarulus),其中,大多数种类为甘肃省新记录种,优势种为短小节纹线虫.它们广泛分布于甘肃省天水地区的秦城、北道,兰州地区的吊场、刘家堡,河西地区的张掖、民勤,红古区的张家寺,永靖县的太极镇,庆阳,临洮等地,即在东径100°26′～105°45′,北纬34°35′～38°56′,海拔从1 142～1 895 m的温带干旱、半干旱、半干旱半湿润地区均有线虫的寄生和繁殖.     

深圳口岸截获的外来危险性线虫种类及检疫对策

2000年至2003年,深圳口岸从进口木质包装、花卉种苗、进境旅客携带物中截获7种(属)外来危险性线虫,共计312批.它们是:一类危险性线虫香蕉穿孔线虫(Radopholus similis)1批;二类危险性线虫松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)218批;潜在危险性线虫咖啡短体线虫(Pratylenchus coffeae)1批,剑线虫(Xiphinema spp.)1批,毛刺线虫(Trichodorus spp.)6批,根结线虫(Meloidogyne spp.)19批,穿刺短体线虫(Pratylenchus penetrans)66批.     

四种短体线虫的形态和分子生物学鉴定

 采用形态学和分子生物学方法对来自荷兰的藏橐吾和铃兰、泰国的高山榕、缅甸的香蕉等种苗(球)分别鉴定出玻利维亚短体线虫Pratylenchus bolivianus、铃兰短体线虫P. convallariae、咖啡短体线虫P. coffeae和斯佩奇短体线虫 P. speijeri。对这4种线虫的形态特征进行较为详细的描述后,认为头环、口针、侧区、生殖系统和尾形等形态特征是种类鉴定的重要依据;进一步利用引物28S-D2A/28S-D3Br扩增测序得到上述4种线虫的28S rRNA基因D2/D3区序列,序列分析发现玻利维亚短体线虫从欧洲到美洲的不同种群之间的遗传距离变异较小,仅为0~0.007;铃兰短体线虫同一种群不同个体之间的遗传变异较大,为0.006~0.029;咖啡短体线虫不同种群之间的平均遗传距离为0.013;斯佩奇短体线虫不同种群之间的平均遗传距离为0.010;咖啡短体线虫P. coffeae和斯佩奇短体线虫P. speijeri亲缘关系很近,二者种间平均遗传距离仅为0.026。本研究再次证明线虫28S rRNA基因D2/D3区基因序列可作为短体线虫种间鉴定的依据。     

Detection and analysis of inter- and intraspecific diversity of Pratylenchus spp. using isozyme markers

The root-lesion nematodes of the genus Pratylenchus are an economically important group of plant parasitic nematodes that show high similarity among sibling species. Isozyme patterns obtained by isoelectrofocusing (IEF) were used to differentiate and establish genetic relatedness among Pratylenchus species. A total of 40 populations comprising 9 Pratylenchus species and Radopholus similis from broad host and geographic origins was examined to compare isozyme patterns of esterase (EST), hexoquinase (HK), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Of these systems, only EST, MDH, PGI and PGM were useful for differentiation of P. vulnus , P. goodeyi , P. penetrans , P. scribneri , P. thornei and R. similis populations. The greatest intraspecific diversity was found within P. coffeae based on the isozyme patterns for MDH, PGI and PGM. Intraspecific variability was also detected among R. similis populations, which showed two isozyme patterns in EST and PGI systems. Less intraspecific variation was found within the P. penetrans group. The P. goodeyi population from Cameroon differed from the other populations in this specific group in its MDH, PGI and PGM phenotypes. Highly similar banding patterns of EST, MDH and PGI activity were found among the P. scribneri populations and the one population of P. agilis . A cluster analysis of the 40 populations, generated from the four enzyme banding patterns, produced groupings that broadly matched the previous classification into specific groups, reflecting intraspecific variability in some cases. The results confirm the potential use of isozyme patterns as markers for these nematode species and their value for diagnostic application.     

Distribution analyses of Meloidogyne spp. and Pratylenchus coffeae sensu lato in coffee plots in Costa Rica and Guatemala

The distribution of the plant-parasitic nematodes Pratylenchus coffeae sensu lato and Meloidogyne spp. were studied in two plots, one in Guatemala ( P. coffeae and M. paranaensis ) and the other in Costa Rica ( P. coffeae and M. exigua ). The quantity of nematodes per g fresh weight root were counted for each coffee tree sampled. The distributions were aggregated, and generally fitted well to negative binomial distributions. Population aggregation was greater when a smaller number of nematodes were involved, suggesting that initial colonization develops in foci. Analyses of the relationships between population levels of the species suggested that there was competition between Pratylenchus coffeae and Meloidogyne spp. This competition was expressed differently depending on the relative population density of the different species.     

四种短体线虫的形态和分子生物学鉴定

 采用形态学和分子生物学方法对来自荷兰的藏橐吾和铃兰、泰国的高山榕、缅甸的香蕉等种苗(球)分别鉴定出玻利维亚短体线虫Pratylenchus bolivianus、铃兰短体线虫P. convallariae、咖啡短体线虫P. coffeae和斯佩奇短体线虫 P. speijeri。对这4种线虫的形态特征进行较为详细的描述后,认为头环、口针、侧区、生殖系统和尾形等形态特征是种类鉴定的重要依据;进一步利用引物28S-D2A/28S-D3Br扩增测序得到上述4种线虫的28S rRNA基因D2/D3区序列,序列分析发现玻利维亚短体线虫从欧洲到美洲的不同种群之间的遗传距离变异较小,仅为0~0.007;铃兰短体线虫同一种群不同个体之间的遗传变异较大,为0.006~0.029;咖啡短体线虫不同种群之间的平均遗传距离为0.013;斯佩奇短体线虫不同种群之间的平均遗传距离为0.010;咖啡短体线虫P. coffeae和斯佩奇短体线虫P. speijeri亲缘关系很近,二者种间平均遗传距离仅为0.026。本研究再次证明线虫28S rRNA基因D2/D3区基因序列可作为短体线虫种间鉴定的依据。     

安徽省盆景基地盆景根际线虫种类鉴定

报道了１９９４￣１９９６年安徽主要盆景基地盆景根际线虫的分离鉴定结果。鉴定线虫１０个属１６个种,重要种类有斯克里布纳根腐线虫和食真菌线虫。     

Comparative host suitability to Meloidogyne spp. and Pratylenchus vulnus in Myrobalan plum (Prunus cerasifera)

Nine Myrobalan plum clones ( Prunus cerasifera ) obtained from in vitro propagation were tested for host suitability to four root-knot nematode (RKN) isolates ( Meloidogyne incognita (2), M. javanica (1), and M. hispanica (1)) and one root-lesion nematode (RLN), Pratylenchus vulnus , isolate. The clones are characterized according to the Ma major resistance genes that control resistance to M. arenaria , M. incognita and M. javanica and are categorized into five resistant (R) and four host (H) clones to these RKN species. As expected, the clones ranged, regardless of the RKN species or isolate, into the same distinct R (P.2175, P.1079, P.2980, H.17 and H.21) and H (P.2794, H.18, H.23 and P.16.5) groups for RKN resistance. The P. vulnus tests showed that all the clones had higher final populations than initial populations ( P _f :  P _i > 1) and that P _f :  P _i ratios were equivalent in each RKN resistance group (R or H). Consequently, resistant alleles of RKN Ma genes in Myrobalan plum have no major effect on RLN multiplication. Our data must be taken into account for breeding strategies aimed at incorporating multiple resistance to both RKN and RLN in Prunus spp.     

河南省温县铁棍山药根腐线虫种类鉴定

为明确河南省温县铁棍山药病原线虫种类,在温县铁棍山药种植区采集有明显症状的块茎进行线虫分离,观察线虫的雌、雄成虫的形态特征,并扩增rDNA的28S D2-D3序列对其进行分子生物学鉴定。结果表明,从山药块茎中分离出的根腐线虫形态学特征及测量指标与咖啡短体线虫Pratylenchus coffeae基本一致,其28S D2-D3序列与P.coffeae相似性达99.87%～100%。本研究明确了河南省温县地区铁棍山药根腐线虫为咖啡短体线虫,为山药线虫病的鉴别及防控提供了科学依据。     

Host status of cover crops for root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) associated with apple orchards in South Africa

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The host response of 17 cover crop cultivars to infection by single-species populations of Pratylenchus hippeastri, Pratylenchus vulnus and Pratylenchus...     

58种中(草)药对植物寄生线虫Meloidogyne javanica和Pratylenchu svulnus的药效研究

 为寻找化学杀线虫的替代物,首次进行中国草药杀植物寄生线虫试验,从500多种有记载的杀线虫和昆虫的中草药中挑选58种进行筛选试验。研究表明,在试验条件下,22种中草药能杀死根结线虫Meloidogyne javanica,26种对短体线虫Pratylenchus vulnus有很强药效,其中9种明显杀死它们。试验还指出,大部分中草药都有不同程度的麻醉作用,受麻醉作用的线虫当转入水中后会复苏并恢复活力,麻醉作用程度随药物种类而异并随时间增加而明显加强。