梭梭年轮测定方法及生长动态的研究

本项研究在阿拉善荒漠区的吉兰泰、洪高勒、雅布赖等三地采集了梭梭主干解析木的样本 ,借助数码影像技术 ,完成了梭梭解析木分析方法的探讨。发现梭梭年轮的径生长为线性模式 ,这在双子叶木本植物中可能是仅有的。梭梭的高生长仍呈 L ogistic趋势和台阶式步进的特征。在梭梭的年轮分析中 ,可以看到一年生长 2个年轮的情况 ,但在解析木圆盘上的分布具有不确定性 ,大多表现为单侧优先生长的态势。本文确定了梭梭解析木圆盘中生长较快的一侧伪年轮发生频率为 0 .3 75 ,由此可确定梭梭的年龄。采集的样本中有 98年 (龄 )的植株 ,证明梭梭为百年寿命的植物     

Ecophysiological characteristics of four maize hybrids and Abutilon theophrasti

Combining empirical research with simulation modelling may improve our understanding of the dynamics of crop:weed competition and for testing hypotheses on the importance of specific traits for enhancing crop performance in mixtures. Two field experiments were conducted to quantify and compare estimates of traits important for radiation interception and utilization in four maize hybrids and Abutilon theophrasti grown in monoculture. Early leaf area growth rate did not vary among maize hybrids within a year, but varied among years. The response of CO₂ assimilation rate to absorbed radiation and leaf nitrogen content did not differ among hybrids. Abutilon theophrasti and two old maize hybrids partitioned more new biomass to stem relative to reproductive organs than newer hybrids. Old hybrids had greater specific leaf area during the period of most rapid growth, grew taller, and leaf area was distributed higher in their canopy. Extinction coefficients for diffuse radiation did not differ among hybrids or between years. Results suggest that these four maize hybrids may differ in their ability to intercept incident radiation, which may influence their ability to compete for light.     

新疆产业结构变动对经济增长效应的实证分析

应用协整和格兰杰因果检验等经济计量分析方法,对新疆1978～2006年的产业结构变动与经济增长的关系进行了分析,并利用回归分析模型和宏观经济模型分别测算了各产业以及产业变动对新疆经济增长的贡献。实证分析结果表明:新疆产业结构变动促进了经济增长,而经济增长对产业结构变动没有显著影响。第二产业对经济增长的贡献较大,但产业结构变动对经济增长的贡献水平还较低。需要制定有效的产业政策优化调整产业结构,以促进新疆经济的快速发展。     

中国人口增长率与人口文化素质相关分析

依据 1 990～ 2 0 0 0年人口统计资料 ,运用相关分析方法 ,对我国人口增长率的降低与人口文化素质的提高进行了相关分析。结果表明 ,我国人口增长率的降低与人口文化素质的提高存在强相关关系 ,特别是大学 (含大专 )文化程度人口所占人口比重与人口增长率存在明显的负相关 ,同时初中文化程度人口所占比重与人口增长率之间也存在明显负相关。     

华北驼绒藜生长规律的量化分析

本文以华北驼绒藜在内蒙古乌盟后山地区引种推广试验结果 ,利用计算机建立生长量模型 ,为进一步扩大引种范围、推广最新栽培技术、增加科技含量而提供了科学依据。     

近46年西藏农区作物生长季气候变化特征及突变分析

利用西藏高原主要农区1961～2006年的气象资料,初步分析了作物生长季各气候要素的变化特征及趋势,并采用费希尔最优分割法对各要素的突变进行了诊断分析.分析表明:近46 a来,除昌都呈微弱的降温趋势外,西藏农区生长季平均气温均表现为显著的升温趋势,升幅为0.09～0.31℃/10a;前20 a(1961～1980年)降水表现为减少的趋势,自1981年开始呈现增多趋势,日照的变化正好与之相反,前20 a呈增多趋势,1981年之后为减少趋势.沿江河谷农区的突变点较一致,1982为气温由冷到暖的转折点,降水和日照的突交点出现在1998年.     

Soil water availability affects green area and biomass growth of Cynodon dactylon

Bermuda grass ( Cynodon dactylon ) is a stoloniferous and rhizomatous prostrate weed displaying high growth rates under non-limiting conditions. Radiation has been considered the major factor affecting C. dactylon patch extension and biomass growth, but little is known about the influence of water availability on those processes. C. dactylon green area and biomass growth were analysed in response to different soil water conditions. Four experiments comprising eight drought treatments were carried out during 2 years at different dates, to generate a wide range of soil water and evaporative demand conditions. Significant reductions in weed green area and biomass growth were found between treatments when low soil water conditions were imposed. Reductions in green area were of greater magnitude than reductions in biomass, suggesting a higher effect of drought on green area increment. There were significant ( P  < 0.05) relationships between green area increment and cumulative incident radiation, although slopes [relative green area growth rates (RGAGR)] differed among treatments. A strong logistic relationship was found between RGAGR and the ratio of plant-available soil water to potential evapotranspiration. The approach and parameters generated in this work can be used to predict C. dactylon growth changes under rain-fed conditions.     

Effects of hydrology on the growth and physiology of an invasive exotic, Lygodium microphyllum (Old World climbing fern)

We conducted a glasshouse study to examine effects of hydrology on the growth and physiology of Lygodium microphyllum (Old World climbing fern), an invasive exotic that is rapidly colonising forested wetlands in Florida, USA. We assessed the fern's growth and physiological responses to three hydrological treatments – flood, drought and field capacity. To further explore the physiology of the treatment responses of L. microphyllum , we also sprayed each plant with gibberellic acid, paclobutrazol (gibberellin inhibitor) or a water control solution (at a rate of 5 mL three times per week) using a 3 × 3 factorial design. Flooding reduced relative growth rate by 55%, whereas periodic exposure of ferns to a soil water potential of −1 MPa did not affect growth or physiology. Flooding led to substantial decreases in specific leaf area and area-based rates of pinna photosynthesis, resulting in a 64% lower rate of photosynthesis per unit pinna mass. Application of growth regulators had no effect on fern growth, morphology or physiology. Even though flooding substantially reduced growth, L. microphyllum still showed a positive relative growth rate after >2 months of inundated soils. This apparent hydrological plasticity is likely a contributing factor to the introduced fern's widespread establishment across a range of plant communities within the Florida Everglades ecosystem. Short-term manipulation of site hydrology does not appear to be an effective management option. Consequently, this has considerable implications for the Everglades, which is undergoing a 30-year system-wide hydrological restoration.     

喷灌和地面灌溉条件下冬小麦的生长过程差异分析

采用作物生长分析的方法,研究了喷灌和地面灌溉条件下冬小麦生长动态的变化规律。结果表明:与对照地面灌溉相比,在分蘖~抽穗期,喷灌条件下冬小麦的生物产量较小,抽穗后,喷灌有利于植株对干物质的积累,成熟时其生物产量比地面灌溉条件下高8.9%;在分蘖~拔节期,净同化率较低,孕穗~成熟期比地面灌溉高15.7%~30.9%;从第一次灌水处理至成熟,群体生长率平均比地面灌溉高10.1%;在生长前期(分蘖~孕穗期)叶面积指数增长较慢,在生长后期(抽穗~成熟期)叶面积指数衰减率低,从而使生长后期的叶面积持续时间比地面灌溉高15.5d。综上所述,喷灌对冬小麦群体生长的影响具有前控后促的特点,其生长优势主要表现在生长后期。考种结果显示,喷灌条件下冬小麦的结实率、千粒重、产量分别较地面灌溉提高了5.9%、2.8%、11.3%,二者差异显著。     

高寒草地西北针茅生长发育特征及与气象因子的关系

利用1999～2009年连续11年的定位观测数据,研究了高寒草地西北针茅的生长发育特征与气象因子的关系。结果表明,在3月中旬,如果气温升高,返青日会推迟,这主要因为高温促使土壤水分蒸发,而土壤干旱阻碍返青;返青后,如果≥0℃的积温不足或累计日照时数不足,针茅的抽穗期会推迟;开花期的当日平均气温在10～20℃,如果抽穗-...     

新疆能源消费与经济增长的定量关系分析

运用灰色关联分析法和统计软件,分析了新疆能源消费总量、三次产业能源消费量、能源消费结构、能源利用率与经济增长之间的定量关系,结果表明:新疆能源消费与经济增长存在高度关联,其中能源消费总量与经济增长的关联度最高,达0.6899,其他各项指标与经济增长的关联度也大部分在0.6以上.新疆经济增长模式还属于粗放型,仍然依赖能源...     

芳基芳酰基取代氨基脲类昆虫生长调节剂的合成及构效关系研究

将昆虫生长调节剂灭幼脲的活性基团和蜕皮激素模拟物 RH- 584 9和 RH- 5992的活性基团进行拼接 ,合成了十二个全新的 2 -叔丁基 - 1-芳酰基 - 4 -芳基氨基脲类目标化合物 ,其结构经 IR,1H NMR,MS和元素分析确证。生物测试结果表明 ,该系列化合物有一定的昆虫生长调节活性。通过 QSAR分析 ,找出了该系列化合物的结构 -活性定量方程 ,并进行了统计学和化学的检验。也为今后继续优化该系列化合物提供理论依据。     

Comparative ecophysiology of grain sorghum and Abutilon theophrasti in monoculture and in mixture

Selection of crop genotypes that are more competitive with weeds for light interception may improve crop yield stability in the presence of weeds. The effects of interference on ecophysiological characteristics of Abutilon theophrasti Medic. and three morphologically diverse grain sorghum hybrids was evaluated to determine the relative tolerance and suppressive ability of the three hybrids and specific traits that may contribute to those differences. A tall hybrid was more tolerant to A. theophrasti interference than two medium stature hybrids. Early leaf area growth of two medium-stature sorghum hybrids was reduced by A. theophrasti interference, whereas early growth of a tall hybrid was unaffected. The height of A. theophrasti was greater than two moderate-stature hybrids but lower than the tall hybrid. Greatest leaf area density (L_D) of the tall sorghum hybrid was above that of A. theophrasti , whereas greatest L_D of medium-stature hybrids was below that of the weed. In monoculture, the partitioning of new biomass to various plant organs was similar among sorghum hybrids, whereas the tall sorghum hybrid partitioned less biomass to leaves and more to stems than medium hybrids in mixture. The results indicate that the three hybrids differ in their susceptibility to A. theophrasti competition. Crop traits that may contribute to greater crop competitiveness include greater maximum height and its growth rate and greater height of maximum leaf area distribution.     

Some Preliminary Findings on the Value of Granular Nematocides for Improving Banana Production in the Windward Islands

Abstract

Granular applications of prophos 5 g a.i., phenamiphos 3 g a.i., carbofuran 2.5 g a.i. and oxamy! 6 g a.i. to bananas in the planting holes and subsequent surface applications at 2, 6, 10, 14 and 18 months after planting have given good nematode control as compared with a standard DBCP (dibromochloropropane) (75% e.c.) application of 11.23 l/ha (5.7 cc per plant) every six months and untreated plots. Although the differences in plant crop yields are not statistically significant the production cycle of the granular nematocide treatments was 23–30 days faster than that of control and DBCP treatments. Production data from the ratoon crop indicates a similar pattern.     

深松深度对甜菜生长发育及产量和产糖量的调控

于2020年在新疆喀什新糖区采用大田随机区组试验设计,设置4个处理,其深松深度分别为:35 cm(S35)、45 cm(S45)、55 cm(S55),及未作深松处理(CK),研究不同深松深度对甜菜植株形态、作物产量形成的影响,并将甜菜形态特征与产量性状指标进行相关性及主成分分析。研究结果表明,S45、S55处理能提高甜菜单株绿叶数1.67～2.67个,且S55处理与CK处理相比显著提高了甜菜最大叶片长34.29%、最大叶片宽16.6%及最大叶柄长12.71%,为甜菜植株提供了较大的源,促进了甜菜根直径、根围、根体长、根尾长及根尾质量的增长或增重,有效促进甜菜地下部生物量的积累,从而增加甜菜根冠比10.17%和生物量积累的15.15%。S45、S55处理单根质量和含糖率与CK处理相比分别增长了12.67%和10.20%,5.26%和8.33%,从而使S45、S55处理的甜菜产量和产糖量分别增长了14.71%和15.85%,20.75%和25.48%。主成分分析表明,深松条件下甜菜生长的主要指标为叶柄长、根冠比和生物量地下分配比例。在喀什新糖区深松深度为55cm可有效增加甜菜产量和产糖量。     

西部能源消费与经济增长关系的实证研究

以1978～2010年新疆能源消费量和实际GDP数据为依据,运用协整理论和扩展的Cobb-Dau-glas生产函数对我国西部典型省区经济增长与能源消费的数据进行了分析,结果表明,期间存在由GDP到能源消费总量的单向Granger因果关系。其政策涵义是:节能政策是可行的,西部省区可以通过节能减排有力地缓解能源的瓶颈效应,形成一个多元化的、清洁的能源结构,以能源的可持续发展和有效利用支持西部省区实现经济社会的可持续发展。     

基于格兰杰因果检验的陕西省国际旅游消费与地区经济增长关系研究

改革开放以来,陕西省的国际旅游消费与国民生产总值均获得了快速的发展。文中依据1978-2008年的相关统计数据,采用Eviews6.0软件,运用协整分析和格兰杰因果关系方法检验两者之间的关系,并建立两者间的推拉关系模型。研究结果显示：陕西国际旅游消费与地方经济存在着协整关系,且国际旅游消费是地方经济增长的原因;陕西国际...     

兰州市南北两山造林树种的生长过程解析

兰州市南北两山的绿化是为当地居民营造良好居住环境的重要工作,该地区造林树种生长规律更是植被恢复中树种选择和抚育管理的依据。以2005年在兰州市甲子坪1号和2号试验地以及2006年在皋兰山试验地栽植的侧柏和山杏为对象,通过树高和胸径调查以及树干解析,对其生长特性进行研究。结果表明:在2014年调查时,甲子坪1号和2号试验地以及皋兰山试验地的侧柏平均树高分别为3.0 m、3.7 m和3.0 m,平均胸径分别为3.5 cm、5.2 cm和3.0 cm,侧柏的存活率为80%~88%,山杏的存活率达到80%以上。2008—2014年的3次调查结果表明,侧柏的树高平均增长量为0.15~0.18 m·a~(-1),山杏的树高平均增长量为0.17~0.20 m·a~(-1)。对侧柏优势木(树高4.5 m)、平均木(树高3.5 m)和劣势木(树高2.8 m)的树干解析得出,侧柏苗期(栽植后3 a)的高生长速率为0.3~0.4 m·a~(-1),个体间没有显著差异,但造林3 a后优势木的高生长速率为0.2~0.4 m·a~(-1)、平均木为0.2 m·a~(-1)、劣势木为0.1~0.2 m·a~(-1),个体间差异显著。     

Restoration of tuber production by exposure to unshaded daylight in Eleocharis kuroguwai Ohwi shaded during the early tuber formation period

The loss of final tuber weight of Eleocharis kuroguwai Ohwi by shading during the early tuber formation period (TFP) is overcome by exposure to unshaded daylight thereafter (late TFP). In the present study, the growth parameters that contribute to the dry matter increase (DMI) per day of tubers in the late TFP were examined. DMI of the tuber during the late TFP was determined by that of the whole plant and the ratio of the DMI of the tuber to that of the whole plant during this period. The ratio of the DMI of the tuber to that of the whole plant during the late TFP was significantly correlated with the DMI of the whole plant during the first 14 days of the late TFP. During the late TFP after the exposure to unshaded daylight, DMI of the whole plant correlated with the surface area of the stem (SAS) and net assimilation ratio (NAR), and the SAS correlated with the stem dry weight (DW) and specific stem-surface area (SSA). SSA negatively influenced NAR, but NAR was increased by unshading. During the late TFP after shading, the effect of the decrease of the stem DW due to shading on the DMI of the whole plant was mitigated by the large SAS and high NAR. These results indicate that the growth parameters that contribute to the DMI of tuber during the late TFP after exposure to unshaded daylight are SAS and NAR just after unshading, and SSA during this period.