枯草芽胞杆菌B1409对番茄和辣椒的防病促生作用

为探讨枯草芽胞杆菌Bacillus subtilis菌株B1409对番茄早疫病和辣椒疫霉病的防效和生防机制,采用平板对峙法和盆栽法测定了该菌株对番茄早疫病菌和辣椒疫霉病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用、对2种病害的盆栽防效以及对番茄和辣椒植株促生长效果和防御酶活性的影响。结果表明:菌株B1409能明显抑制番茄早疫病菌和辣椒疫霉病菌菌丝生长,且导致菌丝发生畸变。10~8CFU/mL菌株B1409菌液对番茄早疫病和辣椒疫霉病的预防效果分别为67.82%和61.22%,治疗效果分别为41.22%和56.43%。不同浓度B1409菌液均能促进番茄和辣椒植株生长,并能增强其体内超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性,且浓度越高促进效果越明显。番茄和辣椒植株的平均干重分别在10~2CFU/mL和10~4CFU/mL B1409菌液处理后显著高于对照,增长率分别为42.35%和4.87%。番茄和辣椒植株经10~2CFU/mL B1409菌液处理后,体内超氧化物歧化酶活性比对照显著增加,增长率分别为91.23%和19.58%。研究表明枯草芽胞杆菌B1409菌株可通过直接抑制菌丝生长及诱导植物体自身抗病性等方式来有效防治番茄早疫病和辣椒疫霉病。     

Effect of chitin on biological control activity of Bacillus spp. and Trichoderma harzianum against root rot disease in pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants

Two bacterial isolates and one strain of Trichoderma harzianum were tested alone and in combination with chitin for efficacy in control of root rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici and Rhizoctonia solani in pepper plants under greenhouse conditions. These bacteria (Bacillus subtilis HS93 and B. licheniformis LS674) were isolated from repeatedly washed roots of pepper plants. In in vitro assays, HS93, LS674 and T. harzianum were antagonistic against P. capsici and R. solani and produced high levels of chitinase. Seed treatment and root drenching with bacterial suspensions of HS93 with 0.5% chitin was more effective against Phytophthora and Rhizoctonia root rot than addition of the organisms without chitin. LS674 and T. harzianum reduced Rhizoctonia but not Phytophthora root rot. In two greenhouse tests, seed treatment and root drenching with HS93 amended with chitin enhanced its biocontrol activity against P. capsici but not on R. solani. The effects of LS674 and T. harzianum against R. solani were significantly enhanced when they were used as suspensions with 0.5% chitin for root drenching, but this had no effect on P. capsici. In both greenhouse experiments, the use of 0.5% chitin alone for root drenching reduced Rhizoctonia root rot. Reduction of root rot disease was accompanied by increased yield. These results show that the antagonistic activity of HS93, LS674 and T. harzianum may be stimulated by chitin resulting in significant improvements in their effectiveness against pathogens.     

寡雄腐霉GAQ1对辣椒疫病的防效及对辣椒的促生作用

为明确自主分离的生防菌株寡雄腐霉Pythium oligandrum GAQ1对辣椒疫病的生防效果及其防御机制,通过平板拮抗和盆栽防效试验测定寡雄腐霉菌株GAQ1对辣椒疫霉Phytophthora capsici菌丝的拮抗作用、对辣椒疫病的防效和对辣椒的促生效果,同时应用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测菌株GAQ1处理后辣椒抗性基因表达的变化。结果表明,寡雄腐霉菌株GAQ1的菌丝可以缠绕并吸附寄生在辣椒疫霉菌丝表面或穿入菌丝体内,使辣椒疫霉菌丝细胞死亡;菌株GAQ1发酵液处理辣椒离体叶片再接种辣椒疫霉后产生的病斑直径较对照组显著减少,离体防效为30.79%;接种菌株GAQ1菌丝球后,辣椒疫病的病情指数较对照组显著降低,盆栽防效达69.16%;经菌株GAQ1处理辣椒后可诱导相关抗性基因PR1、WRKY40、WRKY53、ACCO和GST的相对表达量出现不同程度的升高,说明菌株GAQ1可诱导辣椒植株产生不同程度的防御系统应答。菌株GAQ1对辣椒具有良好的促生效果,处理后第5周其株高、株重及根重分别较对照组提高10.11%、33.23%和24.72%,其叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b及类胡萝卜素的含量分...     

水稻纹枯病生防细菌筛选及其与病原菌侵染垫形成的关系

为筛选对立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani具有拮抗作用的生防细菌,利用稀释涂布平板法,从吉林省水稻纹枯病样中分离筛选出对立枯丝核菌AG-1A具有高拮抗活性的生防菌株,通过gyrB基因序列分析鉴定其分类地位,并采用离体侵染试验和温室防治试验测定筛选生防菌株对水稻纹枯病的防效,在显微镜下观察生防菌株预处理后接种病原菌的水稻叶片表面的菌丝生长情况,分析其生防机理。结果显示,从水稻纹枯病样中共分离获得35株菌株,其中菌株ND11对立枯丝核菌AG-1A的抑制率和抑菌圈直径最大,分别为74.12%和31.50 mm。基于gyrB基因序列分析最终将菌株 ND11鉴定为短小芽胞杆菌Bacillus pumilus;该菌株能够减缓立枯丝核菌AG-1A的侵染速度,抑制其侵染垫的形成,对水稻纹枯病的温室防效达70.69%以上。表明短小芽胞杆菌菌株ND11能够通过抑制立枯丝核菌侵染垫的形成来防治水稻纹枯病,且防效较好,具有开发为生防菌剂的潜力。     

Integrated pest management: A strategy to control resistance of Spodoptera exigua and Helicoverpa armigera caterpillars to insecticides on soybean in the Mekong Delta

The antibiotic nucleoside tubercidin produced by Streptomyces viola-ceoniger was evaluated for in-vivo efficacy and in-vitro activity against Phytophthora capsici, Magnaporthe grisea and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Tubercidin was more effective against P. capsici and M. grisea than against C. gloeosporioides in inhibiting mycelial growth. The bioassay on TLC plates was the most sensitive method and allowed the evaluation of antifungal activity of tubercidin even at a low concentration of 0.1 μgml^?1. As compared to the systemic fungicide metalaxyl, tubercidin was similar or somewhat higher in inhibition of mycelial growth of P. capsici. When applied to pepper stems, tubercidin was equally as effective as metalaxyl in the control of phytophthora blight in pepper plants, irrespective of application time and concentration. The treatment with 1000 μg ml^?1 tubercidin induced phytotoxicity in pepper plants. No control efficacy of phytophtora blight was observed in pepper plants supplied with a soil drench of tubercidin. Treatment with tubercidin at 500 μg ml^?1 completely protected pepper plants at first branch stage from phytophthora blight until four days after application. The control efficacy of tubercidin drastically declined seven days after application.     

Inhibition of plant pathogens in vitro and in vivo with essential oil and organic extracts of Cestrum nocturnum L.

The efficacy of the essential oil and various organic extracts from flowers of Cestrum nocturnum L. was evaluated for controlling the growth of some important phytopathogenic fungi. The oil (1000 ppm) and the organic extracts (1500 μg/disc) revealed antifungal effects against Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum capsici, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Phytophthora capsici, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in the growth inhibition range of 59.2-80.6% and 46.6-78.9%, respectively, and their MIC values were ranged from 62.5 to 500 and 125 to 1000 μg/mL. The essential oil had a remarkable effect on spore germination of all the plant pathogens with concentration and time-dependent kinetic inhibition of P. capsici. Further, the oil displayed remarkable in vivo antifungal effect up to 82.4-100% disease suppression efficacy on greenhouse-grown pepper plants. The results obtained from this study may contribute to the development of new antifungal agents to protect the crops from fungal diseases.     

玉米内生菌L10的分离、鉴定及拮抗活性

为获得对玉米茎腐病主要病原菌禾谷镰孢Fusarium graminearum有明显拮抗作用的玉米内生菌,采用平板对峙法从成熟健康玉米茎秆中筛选禾谷镰孢拮抗菌株,并分析其抗菌谱;通过形态特征、生理生化特性及16S rDNA序列分析进行菌种鉴定;利用盆栽生防试验检测其对玉米茎腐病的防治效果。结果表明,共分离获得了164株玉米内生细菌菌株,其中L10菌株对禾谷镰孢具有较好的抑制效果,抑菌圈半径达1.68 cm;该菌对玉米大斑病菌Setosphaeria turcica、层出镰孢F. proliferatum、禾谷镰孢F. graminearum、拟轮枝镰孢F. verticilliodes、玉米弯孢叶斑病菌Curvularia lunata、玉米小斑病菌Bipolaris maydis、立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani、茄链格孢Alternaria solani共8种植物病原菌均有拮抗作用,尤其对禾谷镰孢抑制效果最佳;结合形态特征、生理生化性质及16S rDNA序列分析,将L10菌株鉴定为多粘类芽胞杆菌Paenibacillus polymyxa。L10菌株脂肽类物质对禾谷镰孢菌具有较好的抑制活性,且盆栽生防试验结果显示该菌株对玉米茎腐病具有一定的防治效果。表明菌株L10对玉米镰孢茎腐病的防治具有一定潜力。     

韭菜和辣椒间作对辣椒疫病的防治效果及其化感机理

为明确韭菜和辣椒间作对辣椒疫病的防治效果及其化感机理,比较了韭菜和辣椒不同行比间作对辣椒疫病的防治效果,测定了韭菜茎、叶挥发物与浸提液对辣椒疫霉菌的抑制作用,并分析了韭菜根系对辣椒疫霉菌游动孢子侵染和传播行为的影响。结果表明,韭菜与辣椒行比为3∶1间作能显著控制辣椒疫病的扩展与传播;2.0 g/皿韭菜茎挥发物及0.15 m L/m L茎浸提液对辣椒疫霉菌菌丝生长的抑制活性可达33.33%和88.75%;辣椒疫霉菌游动孢子对韭菜根系具有明显的趋化活性,且于根围迅速休止并萌发,丧失在土壤中继续寻找寄主的能力,其传播侵染行为受到干扰。研究表明,韭菜和辣椒间作可以有效控制辣椒疫病的扩展蔓延,实现对辣椒疫病的生态防控。     

Induced resistance againstPhytophthora capsici in pepper plants in response to DL-β-amino-n-butyric acid

Treatment of pepper plants with the nonprotein amino acid, DL-ß-amino-n-butyric acid (BABA) induced resistance to subsequent infection byPhytophthora capsici. In contrast, theα-, andγ-isomers of aminobutyric acid were ineffective as inducers of resistance. A relatively high concentration of BABA at 1,000μg ml^?1, which had no antifungal activityin vitro againstP. capsici, was required to induce resistance against Phytophthora blight with a foliar and stem spray, thus leading to complete control of the disease. About 1 day interval between BABA-treatment and challenge inoculation was sufficient to induce resistance in pepper plants. High inoculum levels ofP. capsici caused Phytophthora development slowly in pepper stems treated with BABA, especially at early plant growth stage, which suggests that the induced resistance in pepper plants may be more quantitative rather than qualitative. BABA applied to the root system also protected pepper stems fromP. capsici infection.     

In vivo control and in vitro antifungal activity of rhamnolipid B,a glycolipid antibiotic,against Phytophthora capsici and Colletotrichum orbiculare

The glycolipid antibiotic rhamnolipid B isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain B5 was evaluated for in vitro antifungal activity and in vivo control against phytophthora blight and anthracnose under glasshouse conditions. Rhamnolipid B showed antifungal activity against Cercospora kikuchii, Cladosporium cucumerinum, Colletotrichum orbiculare, Cylindrocarpon destructans, Magnaporthe grisea and Phytophthora capsici. Microscopic observation revealed that the high level of antifungal activity (10 µg ml ⁻¹) against P capsici was mainly due to a lytic effect on zoospores. Zoospore lysis began in the presence of 10 µg ml ⁻¹ of rhamnolipid B and most of the zoospores were collapsed at 25 µg ml ⁻¹. Rhamnolipid B showed inhibitory activity against the germination of zoospores and hyphal growth of P capsici at concentrations of 50 µg ml ⁻¹. Spore germination of the anthracnose plant pathogen C orbiculare was also inhibited in the presence of 50 µg ml ⁻¹ of rhamnolipid B, although hyphal growth was not affected at this concentration. In the glasshouse, the efficacy of rhamnolipid B against phytophthora blight was similar to that of metalaxyl on pepper plants when treated just before inoculation with P capsici. Treatment with either at 500 µg ml ⁻¹ completely protected pepper plants from phytophthora blight. Rhamnolipid B also suppressed the development of C orbiculare infection on leaves of cucumber plants. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

Efficacy of different steam distribution systems against five soilborne pathogens under controlled laboratory conditions

The efficacy of three steam application techniques (steam injection, iron pan and sheet steaming) was evaluated against five soilborne pathogens under controlled laboratory conditions. Injection and pan steam systems proved to be efficient and feasible alternatives to traditional sheet steaming for suppressing Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. basilici at 60% moisture field capacity in sandy-loam soil. Injecting steam was the best technique to suppress F. oxysporum f. sp. basilici, F. oxysporum f. sp. raphani, F. oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans, Rhizoctonia solani and Phytophthora capsici. The mycelia of R. solani and P. capsici were very sensitive to heat and were effectively killed by injection of steam and by the pan steam system at 80% and 40% moisture field capacity.     

Screening potential bacterial biocontrol agents towards Phytophthora capsici in pepper

A total of 1,487 bacterial isolates were obtained from the rhizosphere, phyllosphere, endorhiza and endosphere of field-grown pepper. In a dual assay, 232 isolates displayed the antagonistic activity towards Phytophthora capsici L.; 36.6?% and 39.2?% of them were obtained from the rhizosphere and phyllosphere, respectively. 40 of the 232 antagonistic isolates producing inhibition zones of at least 5?mm in diameter were assessed for production of siderophores and chitinase, cellulose, and protease activity. These 40 isolates fell into 15 groups according to 90?% similarity of the banding patterns obtained by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA). Seventeen isolates spanning the 15 groups were evaluated in greenhouse tests for their ability to control Phytophthora blight of pepper. Biocontrol efficacy ranged from 0.7?% to 92.3?%, with three isolates (B1301, R98, and PX35) exhibiting maximum ability to reduce the disease severity (83.5?%, 92.3?% and 83.5?%, respectively). Based on 16S rDNA sequencing, these isolates were identified as Bacillus cereus (B1301), Chryseobacterium sp (R98) and Bacillus cereus (PX35). This is the first report that Chryseobacterium sp. (R98) can function as a biocontrol agent of Phytophthora blight.     

高寒草地青藏苔草拮抗内生细菌筛选、鉴定及其促生作用测定

为从青藏苔草Carex moorcroftii内生细菌中开发优势拮抗菌种资源,采用对峙培养法测定其叶片内生细菌对黄瓜枯萎病菌Fusarium oxysporum、马铃薯炭疽病菌Colletotrichum coccodes、孜然根腐病菌F. solani等9种病原真菌的拮抗作用,对所筛选的优良拮抗内生细菌进行形态学及16S rDNA和gyr-B基因序列分析鉴定,并将其经固体发酵制成菌剂,采用生防菌剂接种方法测定其对黄瓜和辣椒的促生作用。结果显示,从青藏苔草叶片中共分离得到14株内生细菌;以黄瓜枯萎病菌作为指示菌初筛得到8株具有拮抗作用的菌株,其中菌株1Y4、1Y5、和1Y7的抑菌率均为57.53%,菌株1Y11的抑菌率为58.44%,均高于平均抑菌率56.73%;菌株1Y4具有广谱抑菌活性,对孜然根腐病和马铃薯炭疽病菌的抑菌率分别达73.33%和71.43%,且具有固氮作用;结合形态学和分子生物学鉴定,确定菌株1Y4为西姆芽胞杆菌Bacillus siamensis;以0.5%1Y4发酵菌剂处理黄瓜和辣椒,株高分别增加153.06%和117.33%,促生效果显著。表明青藏苔草内生细菌1Y4的防病促生作用良好,有开发为微生物菌剂的潜力。     

Soil amendments with Brassica cover crops for management of Phytophthora blight on squash

BACKGROUND: Phytophthora blight induced by Phytophthora capsici is responsible for serious yield loss in vegetable production in the United States and other countries. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Brassica cover crops used as soil amendments for managing Phytophthora blight of squash. RESULTS: In greenhouse studies, disease incidence on squash plants was significantly reduced by soil amendment with mustard shoots or roots used at 1 and 2.5% (plant tissue/soil, w/w). The shoots of canola used at 1 or 2.5% also suppressed disease, while the roots of canola or other crops did not reduce disease significantly. In field studies, soil amendments with mustard and canola provided the greatest disease reduction and increased squash yield significantly compared with the non‐treated control. Mustard and canola did not appear to be susceptible to P. capsici. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that some Brassica crops, particularly mustard and canola, had the potential to significantly reduce Phytophthora blight on squash when used as soil amendments. As P. capsici has a remarkable ability to develop resistance to chemical fungicides, use of effective Brassica cover crops could be a biorational alternative to fungicides and a valuable component in developing integrated disease management programs. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

山苍子精油对辣椒疫霉生长发育的影响及对辣椒疫病的防效

为明确山苍子精油防治植物疫病的应用前景,在室内离体条件下测定其对辣椒疫霉Phytophthora capsici菌丝生长、孢子囊形成与萌发、游动孢子萌发的毒力,观测经山苍子精油处理后菌丝生长量及形态结构、细胞膜通透性和可溶性蛋白含量的变化;采用离体叶片法和灌根法分别测定山苍子精油对辣椒疫病的预防效果和治疗效果。结果表明,山苍子精油对辣椒疫霉的菌丝生长、孢子囊形成与萌发以及游动孢子萌发的有效中浓度EC_(50)分别为161.49、29.68、231.80、90.68 mg/L;EC_(50)和EC_(75)的山苍子精油处理显著降低了辣椒疫霉菌丝的鲜重和干重,抑制率均在49.71%以上,亦可显著降低菌丝中可溶性蛋白含量,抑制率分别为10.77%和18.47%;用山苍子精油处理菌丝后,其顶端生长受到抑制,分枝明显增多、间距缩短;细胞膜通透性增大。1 000 mg/L山苍子精油对辣椒疫病的预防效果达63.33%(离体叶片法),2 000 mg/L精油对辣椒疫病的预防效果和治疗效果分别达80.00%和68.00%(灌根法,7 d),均显著高于对照药剂嘧菌酯。表明山苍子精油是辣椒疫霉的有效抑制剂,在辣椒疫病综合治理中具有较大的应用潜力。     

陕西地区花椒主要病害的生防菌筛选与鉴定

为开发针对陕西地区花椒主要病害的生防菌资源,对陕西省宝鸡市凤县花椒根际土壤微生物进行分离培养,并测定了其对花椒的4种靶标病原菌,即干腐病菌（Fusarium zanthoxyli）、黑胫病菌（Phytophthora citrophthora）、根腐病菌（F. solani）和落叶病菌（Marssonina sp.）的抑菌活性。结果显示：从花椒根际土壤中共分离到297个微生物菌株,其中105个为真菌,192个为细菌。通过初筛,获得了20个对3种及以上靶标病原菌均具有显著拮抗作用的细菌菌株,经形态学和16S rDNA 序列分析,将其中7个鉴定为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌（Bacillus velezensis）,5个鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌（B. amyloliquefaciens）,3个鉴定为伯克霍尔德氏菌属（Burkholderia）的不同种,2个鉴定为安徽黄杆菌（Flavobacterium anhuiense）,3个为其他种。经复筛和验证,发现贝莱斯芽孢杆菌P87的生防潜力最强,可以作为花椒病害生物防治的备选菌种。     

棉铃疫病生防细菌筛选、鉴定及制剂防治效果

为有效防治由苎麻疫霉Phytophthora boehmeriae引起的棉铃疫病,采用平板对峙培养法、离体试验和田间小区试验对棉花、玉米、番茄、黄瓜等作物根围细菌进行筛选,结合形态学观察、16S rDNA序列分析及Biolog微生物自动鉴定系统对筛选出的生防细菌进行分类鉴定,并通过离体试验对优秀生防菌2种制剂的防治效果进行评价。拮抗细菌初筛试验结果表明,在供试的1 250株作物根围细菌中,399株细菌菌株有良好的抑菌能力,其中40株拮抗细菌菌株抑菌率在80.00%以上,菌株HMB22922抑菌能力突出,对棉铃疫病菌的抑菌率为85.71%,抑菌带宽10.0 mm。室内筛选试验结果表明,菌株HMB22922、HMB23917和HMB21405的病情指数显著低于空白对照,与化学药剂对照间差异不显著,人工接种苎麻疫霉5 d和7 d后,3株菌株对棉铃疫病的防治效果分别为73.92%、69.58%、56.54%和81.34%、66.67%、64.60%。田间筛选试验结果表明,菌株HMB22922培养液对棉铃疫病的田间防治效果为47.12%～58.64%,优于其它2株供试菌株,与化学药剂的防治效果相当且防治效果稳定。生防菌株HMB22922经形态学观察、序列分析和和微生物鉴定系统被鉴定为萎缩芽胞杆菌Bacillus atrophaeus。人工接种苎麻疫霉5、7和12 d时,以菌株HMB22922为有效成分的2.5′109 CFU/mL萎缩芽胞杆菌悬浮剂的防治效果分别为86.33%、78.66%和64.44%,均优于其相同菌量培养液的防治效果。     

Root treatment with rhizobacteria antagonistic to Phytophthora blight affects anthracnose occurrence, ripening, and yield of pepper fruit in the plastic house and field

We previously selected rhizobacterial strains CCR04, CCR80, GSE09, ISE13, and ISE14, which were antagonistic to Phytophthora blight of pepper. In this study, we investigated the effects of root treatment of rhizobacteria on anthracnose occurrence, ripening, and yield of pepper fruit in the plastic house and field in 2008 and 2009. We also examined the effects of volatiles produced by the strains on fruit ripening and on mycelial growth and spore development of Colletotrichum acutatum and Phytophthora capsici in the laboratory, identifying the volatile compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In the house tests, all strains significantly (P < 0.05) reduced anthracnose incidence on pepper fruit; strains GSE09 and ISE14 consistently produced higher numbers of pepper fruit or increased the fresh weight of red fruit more than the controls in both years. In the field tests, all strains significantly (P < 0.05) reduced anthracnose occurrence on either green or red pepper fruit; strain ISE14 consistently produced higher numbers or increased fresh weights of red fruit more than the controls in both years. In the laboratory tests, volatiles produced by strains GSE09 and ISE13 only stimulated maturation of pepper fruit from green (unripe) to red (ripe) fruit; the volatiles of certain strains inhibited the growth and development of C. acutatum and P. capsici. On the other hand, GC-MS analysis of volatiles of strains GSE09 and ISE13 revealed 17 distinct compounds in both strains, including decane, dodecane, 1,3-di-tert-butylbenzene, tetradecane, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, and hexadecane. Among these compounds, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol only stimulated fruit ripening and inhibited growth and development of the pathogens. Taken together, strains GSE09 and ISE14 effectively reduced anthracnose occurrence and stimulated pepper fruit ripening and yield, possibly via bacterial volatiles. Therefore, these two strains could be potential agents for controlling Phytophthora blight and anthracnose, and for increasing fruit ripening and yield. To our knowledge, this is the first report of volatiles such as 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol produced by rhizobacteria being related to both fruit ripening and pathogen inhibition.     

Fusarium oxysporum Fo47 confers protection to pepper plants against Verticillium dahliae and Phytophthora capsici,and induces the expression of defence genes

The application of the nonpathogenic isolate Fusarium oxysporum 47 (Fo47) reduced the symptoms of verticillium wilt, phytophthora root rot and phytophthora blight in pepper plants. Botrytis cinerea was also tested on the leaves of plants treated with Fo47, but no protection was observed. Verticillium dahliae colonies cultured in the presence of Fo47 grew slower than control cultures, but Phytophthora capsici growth was unaffected by Fo47. At least part of the protection effect observed against V. dahliae could therefore be due to antagonism or competition. In order to search for induced resistance mechanisms, three defence genes previously related to pepper resistance were monitored over time. These genes encode a basic PR‐1 protein (CABPR1), a class II chitinase (CACHI2) and a sesquiterpene cyclase (CASC1) involved in the synthesis of capsidiol, a phytoalexin. These three genes were transiently up‐regulated in the roots by Fo47 in the absence of inoculation with the pathogen, but in the stem only CABPR1 was up‐regulated. In plants that were inoculated with V. dahliae after the Fo47 treatment, the three genes had a higher relative expression level than the control in both the roots and the stem.     

拮抗真菌HTC的鉴定及其对辣椒疫病的生物防治潜力

为明确拮抗真菌HTC对辣椒疫霉Phytophthora capsici的拮抗机制,采用平板对峙、形态学鉴定和18S rDNA序列比对分析等方法对菌株HTC进行了鉴定,并研究其发酵液与抗生物质粗提液对辣椒疫霉不同发育阶段的影响。经鉴定,菌株HTC为金色毛壳菌Chaetomium aureum。在平皿对峙试验中,菌株HTC的红色分泌物能抑制辣椒疫霉菌丝的生长,抑制率为59.1%,后期HTC菌丝可缠绕并降解辣椒疫霉菌丝。发酵液与抗生物质粗提液对辣椒疫霉不同发育阶段均有抑制作用,发酵液对辣椒疫霉菌丝生长的抑制率高达97.58%,对辣椒疫病的防治效果均高于70%。浇灌发酵液后,可提高辣椒苗的苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶的活性,并明显促进辣椒苗生长,鲜重和干重增加32.27%和18.09%。研究表明,金色毛壳菌菌株HTC是一株具有开发潜力的生防菌株。