干旱区玉米抽雄期叶绿素含量高光谱最佳模型选择

采用相关性、线性和非线性分析法,探讨了玉米抽雄期叶片叶绿素含量与多种高光谱参数之间的关系,并建立了叶绿素含量的定量监测模型。结果表明:(1)原始光谱反射率与叶绿素含量在713 nm处具有最大相关系数r=0.86,光谱反射率一阶微分在760 nm处与叶绿素含量具有最大相关性r=0.84。同时,最大一阶微分分别对应的波长(λr,λb,λy)、绿峰反射率(Rg)和其对应的波长λg、红边内最大一阶微分总和(SDr)、比值植被指数(SDr/SDb,SDr/SDy,(Rg-Ro)/(Rg+Ro))以及归一化植被指数(SDr-SDb)/(SDr+SDb)等10种参数分别与叶绿素含量的相关性达到极显著相关。(2)采用相关性达到极其显著的12种光谱参数进行建模,其中原始光谱、绿色反射峰以及光谱反射率一阶微分、基于红边面积与蓝边面积的比值植被指数和归一化植被指数所建立的10个模型R2都不小于0.72,前两者所建立的指数模型优于线性模型,而后三者所建立的线性模型则优于指数模型。(3)所选取的五个方程中,在760 nm处的光谱反射率一阶微分值所构建的线性模型:y叶绿素=6912x760nm+44.878因其具有最大决定系数和最小的RMSE,并且其模型表达式相对简单,因此是玉米抽雄期叶绿素含量的最佳预测模型,从模型决定系数R2来看,它比其他模型至少提高了11.4%。     

基于高光谱指数的天然胡杨叶绿素遥感建模研究

利用遥感技术监测胡杨叶片的叶绿素含量可以为林地经营管理、胡杨资源保护利用提供快速及时的信息。利用ISI921VF-512野外地物光谱辐射计实地测定了胡杨生长季节6月至10月每月塔里木河上游天然胡杨叶片393-1095nm可见-近红外波段的高光谱数据以及叶片叶绿素含量,并对叶片叶绿素含量与光谱反射率进行了相关分析,建立了基于高光谱指数的胡杨叶片叶绿素估测模型。结果表明:一元线性模型中,鲜重叶绿素a,b,a+b含量与高光谱指数NDVI705的相关性均达到了极显著水平,且在十三种高光谱指数里相关系数r最大;同时建立了由鲜重叶绿素a,b,a+b含量与高光谱指数的多元线性回归模型;为胡杨生理状态与健康状况评价提供了理论依据。     

基于高光谱的渭北旱塬区棉花冠层叶面积指数估算

以棉花冠层高光谱反射率与冠层叶片叶面积指数(LAI)为数据源,在分析LAI与原始高光谱反射率、一阶微分光谱反射率、光谱提取变量和植被指数相关性的基础上,采用一元线性与多元回归的方法构建了棉花LAI高光谱估算模型,并进行精度估算。结果显示,在可见光范围内随着生育期的推进及施氮量的增加冠层光谱反射率逐渐降低,在近红外范围内从苗期到花铃期随着施氮量增加反射率逐渐增加,花铃期到吐絮期反射率明显降低;各生育期冠层光谱的提取变量与LAI的相关性不强,全生育期各种光谱提取量及植被指数与LAI的相关性高于不同生育期;棉花冠层叶片LAI在反射光谱1 461 nm处相关系数达到最大值(r=-0.726);对于一阶微分光谱,LAI的敏感波段发生在742 nm处,r=0.744;以敏感波段742 nm一阶微分光谱反射率建立的逐步回归估算模型精度最高,RMSE=0.94,RE=26.27%,r=0.78。说明以全生育期为基础,采用一阶微分光谱敏感波段,并根据实际条件选择有效的估测模型,可以进行棉花LAI的预测。     

猕猴桃叶片SPAD值高光谱估算模型构建

利用便携式野外光谱辐射仪和叶绿素仪在陕西杨凌蒋家寨村测定了猕猴桃不同生育期叶片光谱反射率及其对应的叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)值,通过分析其光谱反射率、一阶微分光谱和SPAD的相关关系,构建了不同生育期基于红边位置、红边幅值、红边偏度和红边峰度的SPAD估算的单因素回归模型和多元逐步回归模型。结果表明:(1)随着猕猴桃叶片叶绿素含量升高,红边位置"红移",红边幅值随着SPAD值的增大而递减,红边面积有所减小,红边曲线形状由右偏逐渐转变为左偏,峰度值逐渐降低;(2)红边偏度能够更好地反映叶片叶绿素含量;(3)在不同生育期,均以红边偏度建立的单因素模型效果最好,建模R2分别为0.821、0.874、0.842;(4)与单因素多项式回归模型相比,多元逐步回归模型在不同生育期均有更好的建模精度和预测精度,在不同生育期,其预测R2分别为0.848、0.926、和0.850,是估算猕猴桃叶片SPAD值的最佳模型。     

引黄灌区水稻不同生育期叶绿素含量估测

叶绿素是植物光合作用的物质基础。为了探讨不同生育期水稻冠层光谱与叶绿素含量的响应规律,以宁夏引黄灌区水稻为材料,经小区试验测定水稻冠层光谱与叶绿素含量,分析冠层光谱反射率与叶绿素含量的相关性,建立两者之间的相关模型,结果表明:不同生育期内,水稻冠层光谱反射率差异较大;水稻冠层光谱反射率与叶绿素含量相关性随着生育期的推进而逐渐降低;基于全波段归一化光谱指数(NDSI)构建的拔节期(NDSI_((456,475)),R~2=0.6502)、抽穗期(NDSI_((748,782)),R~2=0.5264)、乳熟期(NDSI_((822,823)),R~2=0.5708)、蜡熟期(NDSI_((730,731)),R~2=0.4396)叶绿素模型能较好地预测水稻冠层叶绿素含量。     

基于无人机高光谱影像玉米叶绿素含量估算

以无人机为平台搭载高光谱相机获得玉米农田高光谱影像，从中提取光谱特征参数，构建玉米叶片叶绿素含量估算模型，并制作玉米叶片叶绿素含量分布图。结果表明，以红边面积（SDr）、红边一阶微分最大值（Dr）、差值植被指数(DVI)为自变量构建的回归模型建模精度较高，以此反演玉米叶片SPAD值分布图并对填图结果进行精度检验，得出SPAD-Dr模型填图预测效果最佳（R2=0.89,RMSE=1.28,RE=2.31），可以作为玉米叶片叶绿素含量无人机高光谱影像遥感反演估算的基本模型。     

棉花全生育期叶片SPAD值的遥感估算模型

叶绿素含量是评估棉花生长状况的重要参数,估算叶绿素含量对于棉花生长监测具有重要意义。以渭北旱塬区种植的棉花为试验材料,测量全生育期棉花叶片SPAD值与冠层反射率光谱,将原始高光谱反射率、一阶微分光谱反射率、不同波段组合的遥感光谱参数分别与SPAD值做相关性分析,用传统回归分析方法构建五种重要光谱参数的SPAD值预测模型,同时,采用PLSR方法建立全生育期SPAD值的估算模型。最后对模型进行检验,筛选出精度最高的模型。建模结果表明,基于多种光谱参数的全生育期PLSR预测模型精度最高、预测效果最好,估算模型的决定系数R~2为0.733,验证模型R~2为0.737。PLSR方法建立的多光谱参数的SPAD值估算模型预测效果显著,利用高光谱技术对棉花SPAD值进行监测,可为全生育期棉花长势遥感监测提供依据。     

白粉菌侵染后田间小麦叶绿素含量与冠层光谱反射率的关系

 本文对白粉菌侵染后田间小麦叶片叶绿素含量与光谱反射率的关系进行了研究。用不同浓度的药液控制田间病害的发生梯度,于灌浆期对不同严重度小麦冠层的光谱反射率进行了测量,同时测定小麦叶绿素含量并调查病情指数,分析叶绿素含量与病情指数、冠层光谱反射率的关系。结果表明,药剂对叶绿素含量无显著影响;受白粉病危害后,小麦叶片叶绿素含量明显降低,抗性不同的品种之间下降速度存在差异,与病情指数之间也有极显著的相关性。绿光波段与叶绿素含量之间的相关性达到了显著水平;基于多波段建立的模型要优于单波段,可以利用绿光、红光波段的反射率估计叶绿素含量。红边参数与叶绿素含量之间也有较好的相关性,其中以红边面积的相关系数最大。     

利用光谱特征参数估算病害胁迫下杉木叶绿素含量

为了探索建立炭疽病胁迫下杉木叶绿素含量的高光谱估算模型,促进遥感技术在森林病虫害监测中的应用,通过获取不同发病程度的杉木冠层光谱及相应的叶绿素含量,将冠层光谱数据、一阶微分数据与相应的叶绿素含量分别进行了相关分析。采用逐步回归、主成分回归及偏最小二乘回归方法构建叶绿素含量的估算模型。叶绿素含量与原始光谱在可见光(614～698nm)和近红外区(724nm之后)达到极显著相关,且在近红外区基本趋于稳定;与一阶微分光谱在424～486nm、514～532nm、552～682nm、698～755nm和762～772nm波段全部达到极显著相关;3种建模方法均消除了参数间多重共线性的影响,模型的决定系数全部达到极显著水平,其中逐步回归模型精度最高,相对误差和均方根误差分别为10.71%和0.194。研究表明受到不同程度炭疽病胁迫的杉木冠层光谱反射差异较大,可利用高光谱信息定量估算病害胁迫下的杉木叶绿素含量,且估算精度较高。     

基于多个高光谱参数的玉米叶片叶绿素含量估测模型

采用Field Spec Pro3光谱仪和SPAD-502叶绿素仪分别测定玉米叶片的光谱与其相对应的叶绿素含量,通过分析红边位置、蓝边位置以及绿峰位置等高光谱参数与叶绿素含量的关系,建立叶绿素含量的单、双和多变量光谱预测模型。结果表明:在可见光区域,玉米叶绿素含量高,光谱反射率低,而进入近红外区则刚好相反,叶绿素含量高,光谱反射率高;红边位置、绿峰位置及蓝边位置各高光谱参数与叶绿素含量的相关性均达极显著。其中红边位置与叶绿素含量的相关性最高,相关系数达0.84;利用所选的3个高光谱参数分别建立的单、双以及三变量模型,虽然大多数模型的精度R~2大于0.71,但分析对比得出利用红边、蓝边及绿峰位置3个变量建立的模型具有最大模型精度R~2、最小标准误差(S)和均方根误差(RMSE),因此其模型预测能力较优。     

Dermestid beetles in ‘evolution Canyon’, lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, including new records for Israel

Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.     

Diagnostics,genetic diversity and pathogenic variation of ascochyta blight of cool season food and feed legumes

Molecular diagnostic techniques have been developed to differentiate the Ascochyta pathogens that infect cool season food and feed legumes, as well as to improve the sensitivity of detecting latent infection in plant tissues. A seed sampling technique was developed to detect a 1% level of infection by Ascochyta rabiei in commercial chickpea seed. The Ascochyta pathogens were shown to be genetically diverse in countries where the pathogen and host have coexisted for a long time. However, where the pathogen was recently introduced, such as A. rabiei to Australia, the level of diversity remained relatively low, even as the pathogen spread to all chickpea-growing areas. Pathogenic variability of A. rabiei and Ascochyta pinodes pathogens in chickpea and field pea respectively, appears to be quantitative, where measures of disease severity were based on aggressiveness (quantitative level of infection) rather than on true qualitative virulence. In contrast, qualitative differences in pathogenicity in lentil and faba bean genotypes indicated the existence of pathotypes of Ascochyta lentis and Ascochyta fabae. Therefore, reports of pathotype discrimination based on quantitative differences in pathogenicity in a set of specific genotypes is questionable for several of the ascochyta-legume pathosystems such as A. rabiei and A. pinodes. This is not surprising since host resistance to these pathogens has been reported to be mainly quantitative, making it difficult for the pathogen to overcome specific resistance genes and form pathotypes. For robust pathogenicity assessment, there needs to be consistency in selection of differential host genotypes, screening conditions and disease evaluation techniques for each of the Ascochyta sp. in legume-growing countries throughout the world. Nevertheless, knowledge of pathotype diversity and aggressiveness within populations is important in the selection of resistant genotypes.     

Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops

Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.     

Hymenopteran Parasitoids on Fruit-infesting Tephritidae (Diptera) in Latin America and the Southern United States: Diversity, Distribution, Taxonomic Status and their use in Fruit Fly Biological Control

We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids.     

Brief Guide for Authors

正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad     

The use of Solacol® (validamycin) as a growth retardant in the isolation of soil fungi

Solacol^®, a formulation of the antibiotic validamycin, at 0.33% in 2% malt extract agar, reduced the spread of fungi on dilution plates drastically and allowed twice as much incubation time before subculturing; this resulted in an elevated number of species isolated. Using pure cultures of 62 common soil fungi, it was shown that all fast-growing species (exceptPythium ultimum) were efficiently inhibited but not completely suppressed. Inhibition was comparable to that by 0.5% oxgall, though, while this substance completely suppressed several species, Solacol very strongly inhibited onlyGaeumannomyces graminis, Gerlachia nivalis, Harzia acremonioides, Verticillium biguttatum andRhizoctonia solani. In a further experiment each separate constituent of Solacol was tested against 22 fungi at equivalent concentrations. Validamycin strongly inhibitedChaetomium globosum and two Basidiomycetes, though hardly more than the non-ionic detergent which mainly inhibited the other fungi. A few species were, however, more inhibited by Solacol than by the detergent alone. Solacol at 0.33% is a suitable aid in dilution plating of soil fungi, by increasing the number of colonies and species observed.Samenvatting Solacol^®, een formulering van het antibioticum validamycine, remde de groei van schimmels in verdunningsplaten met een concentratie van 0.33% in 2% moutagar en maakte het mogelijk de periode tot afenten met een factor 2 te verlengen; daardoor was het aantal geïsoleerde soorten duidelijk toegenomen. Met reincultures van 62 algemene grondschimmelsoorten werd aangetoond, dat alle snelgroeiende soorten (met uitzondering vanPythium ultimum) voldoende geremd, maar niet volkomen onderdrukt werden. Het remmingspercentage was vergelijkbaar met dat van 0.5% ossegal, hoewel dit laatste sommige soorten volkomen onderdrukte; Solacol remde alleenGaeumannomyces graminis, Gerlachia nivalis, Harzia acremonioides, Verticillium biguttatum enRhizoctonia solani zeer sterk. In een volgend experiment werden de componenten van Solacol t.o.v. 22 fungi apart getoetst in concentraties equivalent aan 0.33% Solacol. Validamycine remde alleenChaetomium globosum en twee basidiomyceten behoorlijk, maar nauwelijks meer dan de niet-ionische uitvloeier, die in hoofdzaak de overige remeffecten veroorzaakte. Enkele soorten werden echter door het complete Solacol veel sterker geremd dan door de uitvloeier alleen. Solacol in een verdunning van 0,33% wordt aanbevolen bij verdunningsplaten voor het isoleren van grondschimmels ten einde het aantal kolonies en soorten te verhogen.     

Broad bean mottle virus in Morocco; curculionid vectors,and natural occurrence in food legumes other than faba bean (Vicia faba)

Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.     

Characterization of potato potyvirus Y (PVY) isolates from seed potato batches. Situation of the NTN, Wilga and Z isolates

A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVY^N strain and six to the PVY^O strain. No PVY^C was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVY^O, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Ny_tbr gene and probably represent the PVY^Z group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVY^O and PVY^N and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVY^O, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVY^N-Wilga. Some PVY^N isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVY^NTN group. The PVY^NTN, PVY^N-Wilga and PVY^Z groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVY^N and PVY^O, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5 end within the PVYN strain.     

The autumn leafroller: Phenology,damage and parasitoids in a Dutch apple orchard

The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed.     

The parasitoid complex ofLiriomyza cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum)

Liriomyza cicerina (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is an important pest on chickpea in Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine the parasitoids and rates of parasitism ofL. cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during the 2005 and 2006 seasons in ?anl?urfa province, Turkey. Leaves with mines were sampled weekly and kept in the laboratory to observe and count emerging leafminer and parasitoid adults. Eight parasitoid species were collected: the braconidsOpius monilicornis Fischer andOpius tersus Foerster and the eulophidsDiaulinopsis arenaria (Erdös) andNeochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), which occurred in both the winter and summer seasons;Diglyphus crassinervis Erdös,Neochrysocharis ambitiosa Hansson,Neochrysocharis sericea (Erdös) andPediobius metallicus (Nees), which occurred only in the summer growing areas.Diaulinopsis arenaria was the predominant parasitoid with 4–7.7% parasitism rate whileN. ambitiosa andO. monilicornis were the second and third most predominant species. The results of these trials show that sinceDia. arenaria occurred throughout every season, it could potentially be used for control of the leafminerL. cicerina.