几种杀虫剂防治水稻三化螟田间药效试验

4种药剂防治水稻三化螟田间药效试验结果表明:药效明显优于对照药剂50%甲胺磷乳油的有48%毒死蜱乳油、50%敌·氟腈乳油、16%阿维菌素·哒嗪硫磷乳油,杀虫效果分别为87.92%、87.24%、75.84%;保穗效果分别为89.69%、89.20%、80.10%,且对水稻安全无害,值得推广应用。     

几种生物药剂对草莓蚜虫防治效果研究

本文选用了4种生物药剂对草莓蚜虫进行了田间药效试验,结果表明1.3%苦参碱水剂和0.5%藜芦碱可溶液剂在施药1d后,防效分别为67.7%和60.2%,施药7d后,防效分别达到80.3%和82.6%,而且在3次调查中,这2种药剂与化学药剂对照10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂的防效相比均没有显著差异,可见,1.3%苦参碱水剂和0.5%藜芦碱可溶液剂速效性和持效性都较好,可替代化学药剂防治草莓蚜虫。     

20%灭锈胺乳油防治水稻纹枯病田间药效试验

水稻纹枯病为我地区水稻常发性病害 ,为有效防止该病害 ,我们进行了 2 0 %灭锈胺乳油防治水稻纹枯病的田间药效试验 ,现将结果整理如下 :1　试验设计1 .1　供试药剂 :2 0 %灭锈胺 EC(浙江省仙居农药厂生产 ) ;对照药剂 :5 %井岗霉素水剂 (核工业瑞丰生化有限公司生产 )。试验设以下处理 :2 0 %灭锈胺 EC2 5 0 ml/ 667m2 、2 0 %灭锈胺 EC2 0 0 ml/ 667m2、2 0 %灭锈胺 EC1 5 0 ml/ 667m2、5 %井岗霉素水剂 1 5 0 ml/ 667m2 、5 %井岗霉素水剂 1 0 0 ml/ 667m2、空白对照。1 .2　小区安排水稻品种为 :早稻常规品种 :85 -1。 6个处理 ,4次…     

几种药剂防除黄顶菊试验

2007年选择了草甘膦10%水剂、草甘膦异丙胺盐41%水剂、百草枯20%水剂等3种药剂防除黄顶菊.结果表明:3种供试药剂对黄顶菊均有较好的防除效果,是当前防除黄顶菊的理想药剂.     

加拿大一枝黄花防除化学药剂的筛选及其应用效能

为获得防除加拿大一枝黄花的有效药剂,揭示化学防治的主要特征,采用单一药剂、单一药剂+助剂、混合药剂及触杀型+内吸型药剂4种药剂处理方式进行田间药效试验。结果表明,25%环嗪酮可溶液剂7 500mL/hm~2、41%草甘膦异丙铵盐水剂6 000mL/hm~2+有机硅300g/hm~2、20%氯氟吡氧乙酸乳油750mL/hm~2+20%草铵膦水剂8 740mL/hm~2、41%草甘膦异丙铵盐水剂6 000mL/hm~2+20%草铵膦水剂8 740mL/hm~2对加拿大一枝黄花的防效显著。施药35d后,株防效均达到100.00%,地上部分鲜重防效分别达到80.2%、90.4%、83.0%和88.9%。除25%环嗪酮可溶液剂致植株根腐效果不佳外,其余3种药剂组合地下部分鲜重防效均达到70%以上,可作为加拿大一枝黄花防除的典型药剂进行推广。组合药剂喷施方式表明,内吸型和触杀型药剂喷施顺序不同,对加拿大一枝黄花的防除效果存在明显差异。以单一药剂最大剂量防除加拿大一枝黄花的效果显示,喷施大剂量单一药剂不一定能明显提高防治效果。     

10%唏啶虫胺水剂防治白背飞虱药效试验

<正>白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera是铜仁市水稻生产上的常见虫害,为了评价江苏金凤凰农化有限公司生产的10%唏啶虫胺水剂对水稻白背飞虱的田间防治效果,观察该药剂对水稻和田间非靶标生物的安全性,为农药登记提供参考依据,2013年6月用该药剂对水稻白背飞虱进行了田间药效试验。1材料与方法1.1试验药剂和处理试验药剂10%唏啶虫胺水剂(江苏金凤凰农化有限公司     

新奥苷肽对小麦赤霉病的田间防效及增产作用评价

新奥苷肽是一种新型生物杀菌剂,为验证其对小麦赤霉病的防治效果和使用剂量,2013年进行了田间药效试验。结果表明,在小麦扬花初期一次施药,新奥苷肽4%水剂对小麦赤霉病有较好的防治效果,450、600、750m L/hm23个处理防效分别为80.96%、86.53%和96.13%,显著优于对照药剂。新奥苷肽对小麦赤霉病防效和增产效果明显,对小麦生长安全,是防治小麦赤霉病的理想药剂。     

5种植物源杀虫剂防治烟蚜效果研究

选用5种不同的植物源杀虫剂3%苦参碱水剂,0.2%苦皮藤素乳油,0.3%印楝素乳油,0.5%藜芦碱可溶性液剂,4%鱼藤酮乳油对烟蚜进行田间防治试验。结果表明,3%苦参碱水剂和0.2%苦皮藤素乳油对烟蚜防效皆达到90%以上,药效期可持续20 d。因此,3%苦参碱水剂和0.2%苦皮藤素乳油这两种植物源杀虫剂可作为无公害烟叶和有机烟叶生产中防治烟蚜的推荐药剂。     

香蕉叶斑病的药剂防治研究

通过室内筛选和田间试验,得到防治香蕉叶斑病的3种化学药剂组合和1种生物农药组合。复配药剂12.5%腈菌唑乳油+45%咪鲜胺水乳剂、40%氟硅唑乳油+45%咪鲜胺水乳剂和12.5%戊唑醇可湿性粉剂+12.5%腈菌唑乳油2年的田间防效均在71.6%～75.7%,显著高于1%中生菌素水剂+4%枯草芽胞杆菌水剂的防效。     

两种杀菌剂对棉花黄萎病的防治效果比较

棉花黄萎病对棉花产量造成极大影响,目前仍无很好的解决办法。因此,需要筛选最佳化学药剂,为棉花黄萎病的防治提供科学依据。本文通过室内抑菌试验、田间药剂防治和产量测定研究两种低毒杀菌剂80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂和0.3%四霉素水剂对棉花黄萎病的防治效果。室内毒力结果测定显示,0.3%四霉素水剂浓度在0.6g/L时,抑菌效果最好,抑菌率可达98.44%;田间喷施药剂显示,在推荐剂量下,0.3%四霉素水剂防效为39.8%,显著高于80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂,试验结果与室内毒力测定一致;0.3%四霉素水剂施药区棉花产量比对照区高30.28%,比示范区低10.78%,80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂仅比对照区高4.06%。四霉素能有效减缓棉花黄萎病蔓延,减少病害对棉花产量造成的损失,在化学防治棉花黄萎病时,可推荐使用0.3%四霉素水剂为防治药剂。     

Localization of metabolic sites of action of herbicides

Time- and concentration-course studies were conducted to determine the effect of thirteen herbicides on photosynthesis, respiration, RNA synthesis, protein synthesis, and lipid synthesis using isolated single leaf cells. Each herbicide was from a different chemical class. Appropriate ¹⁴C-substrates and product purification procedures were used for each process prior to liquid scintillation counting. The most sensitive metabolic site of inhibition was photosynthesis for atrazine, bromacil, dichlobenil, monuron, and paraquat; RNA synthesis for dalapon and dinoseb; protein synthesis for chlorpropham; and lipid synthesis for CDAA, chloramben, 2,4-D, EPTC, and trifluralin. However, with several herbicides, one or more process was almost as sensitive as the one mentioned above. All herbicides inhibited more than one process, and the most sensitive site of inhibition may not be the same process that was inhibited the greatest at the maximum concentration and maximum exposure time used. Therefore, a concept of metabolic sites of action, rather than a primary site of action, appears to be more meaningful for herbicides.     

福寿螺配偶个体大小选择性初步观察

通过野外观察与实验研究,掌握了福寿螺的婚配体制及其配偶选择性规律。福寿螺与多数低等动物一样,其婚配属于乱交制,无固定配偶;雌螺对与其交配的雄螺个体大小没有选择性,而雄螺对雌螺的个体大小有选择性,倾向于与较大个的雌螺交配。     

Systems of designation of pathotypes of plant pathogens12

A variety of systems of designation has evolved to name pathotypes of plant pathogens. The systems were evaluated to determine those best suited for particular purposes. Virulence and avirulence/virulence formulae of pathotypes have advantage over the use of consecutive numbers or letters given in chronological order of pathotype discovery. As soon as pathotype information exceeds a certain level of complexity, mathematical codes are most advantageous, in particular two codes, octal notation and coded triplets. A more universal adoption of the most appropriate codes is recommended to ease communication and comparisons of results.     

百合地下害虫主要种类调查及生物（源）农药筛选

调查了甘肃省临洮县为害百合的地下害虫种类, 并以主要发生为害种类为供试对象, 采用拌土法测定了几种生物（源）农药对主要害虫的室内毒力和致死中时。调查发现小云斑鳃金龟Polyphylla gracilicornis、棕色鳃金龟Holotrichia titanis为主要发生及为害种类, 不同时间发生种类存在差异, 9月份以小云斑鳃金龟幼虫发生为害为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的66.16%, 平均种群密度为10.48头/m2, 10月份, 则以棕色鳃金龟幼虫发生为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的96.86%, 平均种群密度为7.79头/m2, 主要取食百合根系和鳞茎, 造成根系数量减少, 鳞茎出现不规则褐色缺口或凹陷斑。药剂筛选结果表明, 1.8%阿维菌素乳油、200亿孢子/g球孢白僵菌粉剂对两种蛴螬均具有较高的杀虫活性和速效性, 药后7 d时, 校正死亡率在82.22%以上, 对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫和棕色鳃金龟幼虫的LC50分别为0.161、0.060 mg/g和5.558×107、0.362×107孢子/g, LT50分别为2.237 d（2.2 mg/g）、1.393 d（2.2 mg/g）和6.645 d（40.0×107孢子/g）、4.940 d（2.0×107孢子/g）, 这两种生物（源）农药对两种蛴螬的LC50和LT50值均略大于两种化学农药25%二嗪磷乳油、40%辛硫磷乳油处理的, 且对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性均低于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性, 致死中时则长于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的致死中时。     

厚朴病虫害种类的初步调查

采用标准地法和线路调查法,对湖北恩施市新塘乡双河厚朴基地的厚朴病虫害进行了系统调查,记录主要虫害13种,其中叶部害虫9种,枝干害虫2种,根部害虫2种。厚朴主要病害5种。藤壶蚧、厚朴枝角叶蜂和厚朴新丽斑蚜为湖北省首次报道,小绿叶蝉为厚朴新寄主记录种。同时记录了藤壶蚧的天敌6种,其中寄生小蜂2种,瓢虫4种;厚朴新丽斑蚜的天敌昆虫8种。对藤壶蚧、厚朴枝角叶蜂和厚朴苗木根腐病等重要病虫害的发生规律进行了初步调查,同时提出了防治建议。     

Effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on efficacy and duration of control of Fusarium wilt of tomato

The effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on the control of fusarium wilt of tomato were investigated. Application of P. oxalicum to tomato seedlings in seedbeds reduced disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in a growth chamber by 45–49% and in glasshouse experiments by 22–69%. Disease suppression was maintained for 60–100 days after inoculation with the pathogen in the glasshouse. No disease reduction was observed in tomato plants where P. oxalicum was applied to seeds. Treatment with P. oxalicum did not affect the population of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in the rhizosphere.     

青稞种子带菌检测及杀菌剂消毒处理效果

为了研究青稞种子外部和内部携带真菌情况,比较不同杀菌剂对青稞种子的带菌消毒效果和对幼苗生长的影响,为青稞种子播前包衣处理和种传真菌病害防控提供依据,采用离体平皿法对云南迪庆‘云青1号’、‘云青2号’和‘短白青稞’3个主栽品种进行带菌检测,并对种子进行拌种或浸种处理测定6种杀菌剂对种子消毒效果,分析杀菌剂对种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:供试青稞种子表面携带的优势菌群为青霉(Penicilliumspp.)、镰刀菌(Fusariumspp.);种子内部寄藏的真菌主要为镰刀菌、核腔菌(Pyrenophoraspp.)、附球菌(Epicoccumspp.)、丝核菌(Rhizoctoniaspp.)、链格孢(Alternariaspp.)和木霉(Trichoderma spp.)。青稞不同品种的种子表面及内部携带的真菌种类差异较大。致病性测定表明,镰刀菌对种子萌发和幼苗生长影响最大,后期出现幼苗坏死现象。45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP对青稞种子携带真菌均有显著抑制作用和消毒效果,50%福美双WP消毒效果最优,达100%;45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP处理对青稞种子发芽和幼苗生长均无显著影响。     

莠去津的药害问题及药害防范技术研究概述

本文概述了使用莠去津以来，有关该药的药害情况及药害解除方法的研究状况。     

Mode of action of meturine

The effect of meturine on the light processes of photosynthesis was studied.Meturine is a herbicide for weed control in potato and cotton crops. It is a N-phenyl—N-hydroxy—N′-methylurea.The experiments were carried out on isolated pea and spinach chloroplasts.When examining photosystem I, reduced DPIP was used as an electron donor, whereas methyl-viologen served as an electron acceptor. When examining photosystem II, DPIP represented the electron acceptor.The obtained experimental results have pointed to the absence of the effect of meturine upon the photoreaction I.Unlike N-phenyl—N′, N′-dimethylureas (CMU, DCMU) meturine has been a very weak inhibitor of photoreaction II.The authors explain the photoreaction II inhibition of chloroplasts from plants treated with herbicidal doses of meturine by conversion of N-phenyl—N-hydroxy—N′-methylurea into Hill reaction inhibitor(s). N-Phenyl—N′-methylurea can be one of such meturine metabolites.Meturine herbicidal action is accounted for by meturine transformation into Hill reaction inhibitor(s) in the plant tissues.