共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 718 毫秒
1.
试验结果证明发生白叶枯病的病区稻种内有白叶枯病菌存活,同时也存在大量的能寄生消解病原细菌的噬菌体。病原细菌和噬菌体都存在于颖壳内;噬菌体的存活期比病原细菌为长,但病原细菌至少可以存活半年以上,作为下年初次侵染的来源。稻种内的细菌侵染秧苗的途径,目前尚不清楚,侵染以后有一个较长的潜育期是非常可能的。无病田的稻种内没有噬菌体或存活的病原菌,因此,检查稻种内噬菌体和活的细菌是很可靠的检验方法,已经在生产实践中得到证明。测定噬菌体是最简便的方法,灵敏度也高。由于吸附噬菌体的活细菌可在琼脂平板上形成噬菌斑,故测定噬斑菌的数目也是很好的检验方法,灵敏度虽不如测定游离噬菌体的方法简便,但它可以测出有活细菌的存在和它的数量。测定噬菌体的增殖也能准确检验是否有活细菌存在,但是方法还有待改进和简化。 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
白叶枯病(Xanthomonas oryzae)和条斑病(Xanthomonas oryzicola)是水稻上的两种重要细菌病害。这两种细菌性病害都可以由稻种传播。稻种非但可以带菌,并且可以传病。为了防止病区的扩大和新病区的出现,加强检疫工作是非常重要的。 检验水稻白叶枯病和条斑病,可分室内检验和田间检验。室内检验主要是确定稻种是否带菌和带菌的程度,可以采用种植检验和噬菌体检验的方法,以噬菌体检验更为可靠。室内检验需要一定的设备,工作量较大,同时目前所用的室内检验方法是否适用于带菌量极低的稻种,还有待在生产实践中考验。田间检验就是通过病害的普查,了解病害发生情况,确定无病田和无病区。这样非但可以解决当地的留种和换种的问题,并且为无病稻种的调运提供依 相似文献
5.
6.
在北京地区水稻田分离到的水稻白叶枯细菌噬菌体有两种类型,Ⅰ型大斑(PK)和Ⅱ型小斑(PSS)。在进一步对噬菌体的寄主范围的测定表明,对非致病性的细菌以及植物病原细菌各属细菌如假单胞杆菌(Pseudomonas),棒形杆菌(Corynebacterium),土壤杆菌(Agrobacterium)均无溶菌作用,甚至对同属的黄单胞杆菌(Xanthomonas)的其他种细菌也无溶菌性,证明其寄主范围仅限于水稻白叶枯细菌。北京地区分离的各种噬菌体的专化性,经用全国23个省、市、自治区的137个白叶枯细菌菌株试验的结果,表明不同噬菌体存在着对不同细菌菌株侵染上明显差异,其中Ⅰ型(PK)只能侵染其中的72%菌株。而Ⅱ型中的(PSS)能侵染其中的92%的菌株,说明对寄主的专化性是不同的。以噬菌体侵染细菌,用“一步生长曲线”比较研究结果Ⅰ型噬菌体(PK)的潜育期短为40分钟,裂解量7。Ⅱ型(PSS)的潜育期较长,为70分钟,裂解量为46。在此基础上,应用噬菌体在水稻种子上增殖数量的测定可以反映出,水稻种子上具有活的白叶枯细菌的存在,这种方法灵敏度高,时间短,可用作稻种带菌检验之用。 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
10.
Biolog细菌自动鉴定系统的应用 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
张朝华 《中国进出境动植检》1994,(3):30-32
目前,用于细菌鉴定的方法或技术很多,除可通过细菌的形态、生理生化性状或致病性对细菌进行分类鉴定外,还可采用血清学、酶学或噬菌体技术以及核酸和蛋白质分析等技术鉴定细菌。 相似文献
11.
水稻白叶枯病自发现到现在已有90年的历史。由于发生地区广泛,为害严重,各国对此病曾做了大量研究。日本对它已研究了半个多世纪,我国也有二十多年的研究经历。但对其侵染来源和传播途径,仍有不同看法。我国最初认为种子传病是首要的。但在病区单抓种子处理还不能收到预期效果,又认为病稻草是病区次年的主要菌源。近年来,又发现在严格处理病革、病种子的情况下,仍然发病,故怀疑除上述两种传播途径外,还有其它传播途径。关于杂草传病问题,日本已进行了多年的研究,但和我国国内一样,对杂草带菌传病问题,意见很不一致。我们认为对这一传播途径有彻底弄清的必要,它不仅关系到一个病的侵染循环问题,而且直接关系到对白叶枯病的彻底防治。如果这一传播途径确实存在,我们若不承认它,在防治上就会出现大的漏洞。如果白叶枯病确与杂草无关,盲目地采用相应的措施,也是多余而毫无意义的。这次试验是采用较直接的“离心浓缩针刺接种法”,其结果:第一年证实有马唐等六种杂草、黄豆和水稻根部能够带菌;第二年证实有车前等三种杂草和水稻根不仅带菌,而且可越冬并存活到次年五月;第三年又证实在不同地区有马唐,狗牙根等四种杂草能够带菌越冬,并存活到次年五月中旬。另外,用病区杂草和水稻健苗混栽,结果稻苗上发病,而对照的不发病。通过三年来的试验研究,证实有数种杂草的根茎部不仅带菌,而且能传病。 相似文献
12.
13.
Management of bakanae and bacterial seedling blight diseases in nurseries by irradiating rice seeds with atmospheric plasma 下载免费PDF全文
A. Ochi H. Konishi S. Ando K. Sato K. Yokoyama S. Tsushima S. Yoshida T. Morikawa T. Kaneko H. Takahashi 《Plant pathology》2017,66(1):67-76
The control of seedborne rice seedling diseases in the seed beds is important to avoid epidemics in rice nurseries and paddies, which may result in severe yield loss. Recently, irradiation with plasma containing electrons, creating positive or negative ions and neutral species, has been shown to have an antimicrobial effect, probably via generation of reactive oxygen species. This study examines whether two seedborne rice seedling diseases, bakanae disease caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi, and bacterial seedling blight caused by Burkholderia plantarii, are suppressed by irradiation of infected rice seeds with atmospheric plasma. Seed germination and seedling growth were not inhibited in plasma‐treated healthy seeds. When F. fujikuroi‐infected rice seeds were irradiated with plasma after being immersed in sterile distilled water, bakanae disease severity index and the percentage of plants with symptoms were reduced to 18.1% and 7.8% of non‐irradiated control, respectively, depending on the duration of plasma irradiation. The bacterial seedling blight disease index was also reduced by plasma irradiation in vacuum‐inoculated seeds to 38.6% of the non‐irradiated control, and in infected seeds harvested from spray‐inoculated heads of rice plants to 40.1% of the control. Therefore, plasma irradiation seems to be effective in controlling two independent seedborne rice seedling diseases. 相似文献
14.
对广东省将推广的54份杂交稻组合对稻瘟病和白叶枯病的抗病性进行了鉴定。对稻瘟病的抗病性鉴定表明:抗病组合共49个,占90.7%;其中,高抗(抗性比≥91%)组合30个,占55.6%。对稻白叶枯病的抗病性鉴定表明:没有高抗(HR)和抗(R)的组合,仅有一个杂交稻组合(西胜2175)表现为中抗(mR),仅占1.9%,其余53个组合都表现感病,占98.1%。进一步分析表明:对稻瘟病表现高抗的30个杂交稻组合都不抗白叶枯病,而中抗白叶枯病的杂交稻组合西胜2175对稻瘟病表现为中抗,抗性比为74%。 相似文献
15.
Bin Li Baoping Liu Changlin Shan Muhammad Ibrahim Yihan Lou Yangli Wang Guanlin Xie Hong‐ye Li Guochang Sun 《Pest management science》2013,69(2):312-320
BACKGROUND: Bacterial leaf blight and leaf streak are the two most damaging bacterial diseases of rice. However, few bactericidal chemicals are available for controlling both diseases. The antibacterial properties of two kinds of chitosan with different molecular weights and degrees of N‐deacetylation and their effect on rice bacterial leaf blight and leaf streak were evaluated. RESULTS: Results showed that the two kinds of chitosan solution possess a strong antibacterial activity against both rice bacterial pathogens and significantly reduced disease incidence and severity by comparison with the control under greenhouse conditions. However, the interaction between chitosan and rice pathogens was affected by the type and concentration of chitosan, the bacterial species and the contact time between chitosan and bacteria. The direct antibacterial activity of chitosan may be attributed to both membrane lysis and the destruction of biofilm. In addition, both chitosan solutions significantly increased the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in rice seedlings following inoculation of two rice pathogens by comparison with the control. CONCLUSION: The role of chitosan in protection of rice against bacterial pathogens has been shown to involve direct antibacterial activity and indirect induced resistance. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
16.
Burkholderia plantarii , the pathogen of bacterial seedling blight of rice, was detected in paddy water. Its concentration rose in July and August.
The bacterial concentration in the paddy water was always higher along levees than at distances more than 5 m from levees.
Confirmed to be released into water when graminaceous weeds were immersed, B. plantarii survived for at least 4 days at 30°C. B. plantarii was splashed at least 30 cm upward by rain splash in the field. Harvested seeds, which had been sprayed with B. plantarii released from graminaceous weeds at the flowering stage, retained the bacteria. Bacterial seedling blight occurred when the
seeds were then sown in nursery boxes. These results indicated that graminaceous weeds growing on levees of paddy fields are
a source of infection of the disease and that rice seeds are infected through the paddy water.
Received 23 May 2002/ Accepted in revised form 1 September 2002 相似文献
17.
18.
19.
为鉴定云南稻种质资源对水稻白叶枯病的抗性情况,于孕穗期采用剪叶接种方法,用水稻白叶枯病强致病型代表菌株BD8438、CN9404和X1接种云南野生稻和地方稻种质资源,以病斑长度大于6 cm为感病分界线,对其抗感表现型进行调查分析。结果显示,共鉴定出来源于云南省不同种植生态区的186份地方稻抗性材料和22个野生稻抗病居群。野生稻对水稻白叶枯病的抗病能力较地方稻强,其中疣粒野生稻的抗性最强,抗病等级为0~2;药用野生稻次之,抗病等级为1~2;普通野生稻相对较差,抗病等级为1~5。地方稻抗性资源来自于云南省各个传统水稻种植区,抗性1级的材料占17%,抗性2级的占2%,抗性3级的占81%;按照稻种质资源亚种类型、粘糯性和水旱性分类,各类型地方稻抗性材料所占比例分别为粳稻占61%、籼稻占39%;粘稻占66%、糯稻占34%;水稻占83%、陆稻占17%。从利用抗白叶枯病基因培育新品种的角度评价,这些抗性资源具有潜在的发掘利用价值。 相似文献