南郑县发现长腿水叶甲严重为害稻苗

２００１年５月中旬至６月中旬，南郑县植保站在城关镇五丰村３块０．１２hm２水稻秧田发现长腿水叶甲（DonaciaprovostiFairmaire）严重为害水稻秧苗，被害株率高达８０％以上，平均百株有虫４３０头，最高达７７６头。幼虫集中在土层中为害稻苗嫩根，成虫取食稻苗叶片。秧苗被害后严重矮小黄瘦，须根腐烂，黑根多，分蘖极少，拔出稻根有恶臭味，２００２年受害面积超过７０hm２，严重影响水稻生产。防治方法：３）成虫盛发期用眼子菜诱集成虫产卵，然后集中烧毁或深埋。４）在为害初期进行根土层施药。每６６７m２撒茶子饼粉２０kg，也可…     

涕灭威防治棉花红蜘蛛蚜虫效果好

涕灭威防治棉花红蜘蛛蚜虫效果好李昌炽（四川省乐至县植保植检站６４１５００）５％涕灭威颗粒剂，系山东宁阳农药厂生产。为验证该药对棉花前期红蜘蛛、蚜虫的防治效果，去年在四川省农牧厅植保站的安排下，我站在该县的宝林镇永和４村２、３社进行了５．２亩的３个不同...     

6%密达杀螺颗粒剂防治蜗牛效果好

６％密达杀螺颗粒剂防治蜗牛效果好湖北省植保总站（４３００７０）周国珍仙桃市植保站（４３３０００）李坤文近几年，我省棉花苗期蜗牛危害逐年上升，严重造成缺苗断垅。如１９９６年，沙洋农场植保站４月１６日调查，田间有蜗牛０～７８头／ｍ２，平均２７８头／ｍ２...     

稻水象甲传播途径研究（二）

稻水象甲传播途径研究（二）蔡悦１高宝柱２陈洪存２王新１宋福４刘寿山３（１农业部植物检疫实验所２河北省唐海县农林局３唐山市植保站４河北省植保总站）２稻水象甲成虫可以随稻草传播２．１田间调查开展本项调查的目的是弄清在水稻收获季节，稻田是否仍然有虫源存在？...     

稻水象甲传播途径研究（三）

稻水象甲传播途径研究（三）蔡悦１陈洪存２王新１宋福４刘寿山３高宝柱２（１农业部植物检疫实验所２河北省唐海县农林局３唐山市植保站４河北省植保站）３成虫可以随稻谷（种）及其加工下脚料传播３．１打谷场调查田间调查表明，在水稻收获季节，田间仍然有一定数量的成...     

三代三化螟重发情况下化学防治技术的探讨

泗洪县地处洪泽湖西岸，常年种植水稻面积５．３万hm２，以单季晚稻种植为主，特别是优质品种武育粳３号种植比例大，占８５％以上。水稻三化螟自１９９６年以来已连续６a大发生。其主害代第三代为害单季中晚稻，造成白穗，未防治的稻田一般减产８成以上。近６a来，笔者就三化螟严重发生情况下化学防治技术进行了研究和探讨。１三化螟的生活习性进一步观察１．１发生时期在泗洪地区三化螟１a发生３代。第一代盛孵期在５月下旬至６月上旬，主要为害秧田期水稻；第二代在７月中、下旬，主要为害分蘖期水稻；第三代在８月中旬至９月上旬，往往…     

四川省棉铃虫的发生及防治对策

四川省棉铃虫的发生及防治对策刘牛（四川省植保站，６１００４１）棉铃虫是四川省棉花上重要害虫之一，每年都有发生。在过去的２０多年中，１９７２和１９８１年曾两度大发生，其发生面积分别占棉田种植面积的６７．３％和３９．２％。近几年来，棉铃虫的发生又趋严重，...     

2002年黑龙江中西部草地螟发生严重

富裕县地处黑龙江省中西部，属典型的半农半牧农业区。继１９９６～１９９９年草地螟大面积发生为害后，２００２年再次严重发生，全县发生面积达１７．３万hm２，占全县种植面积的７２％，严重发生面积１３．３万hm２。据６月２４日调查，富海镇宏升村草地螟幼虫最高密度，大豆４５头／株，葵花１４８头／株，甜菜４８头／株，玉米３２头／株，一般地块平均有虫２１０头／m２，草荒严重地块高达２０００头／m２，是近年来发生最严重的１a。草地螟在本县１a发生２代，主要以迁入代幼虫为害。６月２日，外地虫源开始大量迁入本县，１盏黑光灯…     

广昌稻瘿蚊为害严重并向全县扩散

广昌地处抚州地区最南端，该县干1993年在与宁都县接壤的头破镇头陂村首先发现稻瘦蚊，1994年在与宁都，石城二县接壤的头陂、驿前两镇8个村发生较大面积为害，1996年已扩散到我县西南片7个乡镇（占全县的43．75％）近30个村委会，170多个村小组中的20O0hm2稻田。稻瘿蚊在我县一年发生5～6代，第1代5月下旬可为害水稻，虫口基数较低，为害较轻，第2代发生于6月下旬，开始在中稻和一晚秧田为害，继而随之迁入本田。以后第3～5代发生于7月中旬至9月上旬，主要为害二晚秧田及本田，周期长，危害亦最烈。稻瘦蚊在我县还有继续北移趋势，从1994…     

2002年临猗县二代黏虫大发生

２００２年６月下旬至７月上旬，二代黏虫在临猗县玉米、高粱田大面积严重发生。发生面积之广，虫量之大，为害之重为１９７６年以来之最。全县发生面积１．０万hm２，达到防治指标面积０．７３万hm２。６月３０日至７月１日调查，塬地玉米有虫株率１０％，百株有虫８～１２头；夏播玉米有虫株率３５％～４０％，百株有虫４０～６０头；饲草用高粱每平方米８０～１７０头，最严重的猗氏镇百里店村达３５０～５００头；荒地杂草被黏虫咬成光秆，与其相邻的玉麦收后未夏播的原茬地及玉米田、高粱田，采用快速、有效的５％顺式氯氰菊酯乳油（大…     

Control of wild rice in rice

The four main wild rice species are: Oryza rufipogon Griff, embracing a wide range of “red rice” types closely related to O. sativa L.; O. longistaminata Chev. & Roehr, a rhizomatous perennial; O. barthii Chev. the annual wild rice of West Africa; and O. punctata Kotschy ex Steud, a small seeded annual. The distribution and importance of these species are discussed in relation to the different systems of rice growing. Annual wild rice problems are favoured by dry sowing followed by flooding. For cultural control, soil puddling and direct sowing into water are recommended. In a series of pot experiments with O. punctata and rice, 18 herbicides were shown to be at least partially selective, including: alachlor, butachlor, S-4-chlorobenzyl diethyldithiocarbamate (B-3015), 4-(2,6-dichlorobenzyloxymethyl)-4-ethyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan (WL 29226), 3-(α α-dimethylbenzyl)-1-methyl-1-phenylurea (K 1441), isoproturon, metamitron, molinate and perfluidone. B-3015 was the most selective of these but the selectivity of alachlor and molinate could be greatly increased and became comparable to B-3015 when the crop seed was dressed with the protectant 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NA). Other herbicides for which NA provided a protective effect were: butachlor, metolachlor (CGA 24705), epronaz, ethofumesate, perfluidone and 4,4,4-trichloro-2-phenylbut-1-ene (Dowco 221).     

稻田杂草稻发生趋重水稻生产受到威胁

杂草稻,一般认为是栽培稻和野生稻的天然杂交种,但目前尚未肯定杂草稻的真正起源.杂草稻以易落粒、能休眠以及与栽培稻的竞争性等特征使其成为一种杂草.杂草稻在大部分种植水稻地区均能生长.在泰国、越南、马来西亚等水稻生产国发生危害较重.近年来,在我国的江苏、湖南、广东、辽宁、上海等省(直辖市)的一些稻区发生越来越重,严重影响水稻的产量和品质.     

直播稻田自生稻的识别与防除

水稻直播具有省水、省田、省工、节本的优点,加之直播稻推迟了水稻播期,可以避开灰飞虱迁移高峰,减轻灰飞虱及其传播的条纹叶枯病的发生为害,深受广大稻农喜爱.     

丙草胺防治直播稻田杂草稻的技术研究

为了探寻对栽培稻安全的杂草稻防除技术,采用整株测定法研究了丙草胺对杂草稻的毒力及解草啶减轻丙草胺对栽培稻药害的应用技术,并通过田间试验检验了这一技术的安全性。结果表明:丙草胺在450g/hm2时,可显著抑制杂草稻和栽培稻的生长;采用30mg/L解草啶浸种48h,可显著减轻丙草胺对栽培稻的药害,随着丙草胺施药量的增加,解草啶的保护作用逐渐减弱。田间试验结果说明:用30mg/L解草啶浸种栽培稻48h,丙草胺的施药剂量在450~675g/hm2时对栽培稻安全;当丙草胺剂量为900g/hm2时,栽培稻产量显著下降。     

烯啶虫胺在水稻和稻田环境中的残留及消解动态

采用高效液相色谱-紫外检测器(HPLC-UVD)测定了烯啶虫胺在稻田水、土壤、水稻植株和糙米样品中的消解动态及最终残留。田水样品用二氯甲烷萃取;土壤样品用水提取后经二氯甲烷萃取;水稻植株和糙米样品依次用水、丙酮提取,提取液经液液萃取及柱层析净化;HPLC-UVD检测。当烯啶虫胺在田水和土壤中的添加水平为0.1~5 mg/L和0.1~5 mg/kg,在植株和糙米中的添加水平为0.2~5 mg/kg时,其平均添加回收率在77.2% ~100.3%之间,相对标准偏差 (RSD)在1.9% ~12.9%之间。烯啶虫胺在稻田水、土壤、植株和糙米中方法的定量限(LOQ)分别为0.1 mg/L和0.1、0.2、0.2 mg/kg,检出限(LOD)分别为0.04 mg/L和0.04、0.08、0.08 mg/kg。温室模拟消解动态试验结果显示,以推荐使用高剂量的20倍(有效成分1 500 g/hm2) 施药,烯啶虫胺在稻田水、土壤以及水稻植株中的消解动态规律均符合一级动力学方程,其半衰期分别为0.58、3.31及2.70 d,消解速率较快。最终残留试验表明,于大田分蘖期按推荐使用高剂量的1.5倍(有效成分112.5 g/hm2)分别施药3次和4次,间隔期为7 d,距最后一次施药7 d后采样,糙米中烯啶虫胺的残留量均低于LOD值(0.08 mg/kg)及日本规定的最大残留限量(MRL)值(0.5 mg/kg)。     

Potential allelopathic rice lines for weed management in Cambodian rice production

In Cambodia, the planting of rice lines with a competitive and/or allelopathic ability would be a very useful way to supplement weed management in the rain‐fed, low‐input production systems. The present study examines a wide range of rice germplasm, mainly from Cambodia, and uses a series of bioassay techniques to identify those that might have a weed growth‐suppressing, allelopathic trait. A laboratory bioassay study that involved 359 rice lines showed that there were 15 that could significantly reduce the growth of awnless barnyard grass seedlings. In a second laboratory bioassay, involving the best 96 rice lines that were identified in the first study, 14 were shown to suppress the shoot growth of awnless barnyard grass, 11 could suppress the shoot growth of barnyard grass, six could suppress the shoot growth of small umbrella sedge, four could suppress the shoot growth of two‐leaf fimbristylis, four could suppress the shoot growth of water primrose, and three could suppress the shoot growth of gooseweed. Of the 13 rice lines that were able to suppress the growth of at least two weed species, there were three lines that could suppress the growth of three weed species, one line that could suppress the growth of four weed species, and one line that could suppress the growth of five weed species. In a third soil‐based, pot bioassay that studied the 18 best lines coming from the second laboratory bioassay, all showed a significant weed growth‐suppressive ability. A linear regression analysis showed that there was no correlation between their weed growth‐suppressive ability and their physical seedling size, supporting the idea that the growth suppression was allelopathic in nature and not a physical competition effect. In summary, the results indicate that an allelopathic trait does exist in some Cambodian rice lines and that this trait is effective in the growth suppression of a number of major rice weeds.     

噁草酮防除直播稻田杂草稻的施用技术

为确立噁草酮防除直播稻田杂草稻的施用技术,通过温室盆栽试验比较了噁草酮在不同土壤水分环境下对栽培稻的安全性及对杂草稻的防效,并在大田中比较了不同直播方式下其对杂草稻的防效及栽培稻产量的影响。结果表明,透气条件下,噁草酮对栽培稻的药害最低,但对杂草稻的防效也较差;饱和水分条件下对杂草稻防效较好,150 g(a.i.)/hm~2时其出苗率和鲜重的抑制率达89.61%和61.87%,超过450 g(a.i.)/hm~2时完全抑制出苗;但药后播种对栽培稻安全性较高,600 g(a.i.)/hm~2下对其出苗率和鲜重的抑制率仅分别为38.06%和39.96%,播后施药的药害较重,最低剂量150 g(a.i.)/hm~2时抑制率已分别达88.77%和45.52%;淹水条件下,虽对杂草稻有100%的防效,但也完全抑制栽培稻出苗。大田施用噁草酮300、450、600 g(a.i.)/hm~2,旱直播和水直播方式下杂草稻株防效分别为26.88%、43.54%、44.45%和84.88%、85.74%、90.92%;鲜重防效分别为11.58%、20.16%、27.33%和30.86%、53.68%、80.15%。旱直播和水直播方式下施用量分别超过450、300 g/hm~2时栽培稻产量显著增加。综合分析,推荐水直播整地后泥水状态施用300 g(a.i.)/hm~2噁草酮,水层落干后播种,保持土壤湿润且土表不出现水渍,栽培稻顺利出苗后及时上水且不淹没苗心为宜。     

2009年吉安市早稻穗瘟发生情况调查分析

2009年吉安市早稻感病品种面积占早稻种植面积70%,是多年来最大的,但早稻穗瘟中等发生,部分偏重发生,重于2007年和2008年,轻于2006年。全市发病面积1.83万hm^2,占早稻种植面积6.62%,绝收面积130.86 hm^2,稻谷损失1306.989万㎏。主要原因是6月中旬降雨偏少,6月上中旬大部分地方未出现持续3天以上降雨,而6月下旬、7月上旬全市持续多日降雨,雨量大,使部分处于破口至齐穗期的中晚熟感病品种发生穗瘟。     

我国南方稻区水稻骨干亲本纹枯病抗性鉴定与分析

运用改进的纹枯病菌接种法,对当前我国南方稻区17个骨干亲本纹枯病抗性进行了田间鉴定,测定和分析了各材料的纹枯病病级(R_D)、相对病斑高度(H_R)及株高(H_P)。通过试验,将17个骨干亲本分为抗病、中等抗病、中等感病和感病4种类型;筛选出了3个抗病亲本(明恢63、蜀恢527、广恢128)和3个中抗亲本(绵恢725、珍汕97B和协青早B);供试亲本的平均RD为4.78,平均HR为0.52;通过分析,发现纹枯病病级(R_D)和相对病斑高度(H_R)呈极显著正相关(y=8.373x+0.435,y=RD;x=H_R)、株高和病级相关不显著。     

Alfalfa, rice by-products and their incorporation for weed control in rice

Two alfalfa varieties, namely Rasen and Yuba , and rice by-products of Koshihikari ( Oryza sativa L. cv. Japonica ), including hull and bran were used for weed control in rice. Rasen and Yuba were sequentially evaluated to have the strongest allelopathic potential among eight common alfalfa varieties in Japan. Rasen , Yuba and rice by-products in a laboratory experiment exhibited suppression of emergence of lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.), barnyardgrass ( Echinochloa oryzicola Vasing.), and monochoria ( Monochoria vaginalis Presl var. plantaginea Solms-Laub.). In a paddy field experiment, at 15 days after application, a dose of 1 ton ha⁻¹ of alfalfa, rice by-products and the incorporated alfalfa-rice by-products significantly inhibited weed growth and reduced weed species, except for rice bran. However, at 40 days after application, the greatest weed control was sequentially recorded with Yuba (95.2%), Rasen (90.5%) and the incorporated Rasen -hull (88.3%). Rice hull exhibited stronger (51.7%) weed control than the negligible weed control of rice bran (25.1%). Inhibition of both Rasen and Yuba on weed emergence after application became more vigorous, whereas those of rice by-products were gradually devitalized. Rasen had a maximum increase of rice yield (80.6%) compared to the control and it was slightly higher (9.6%) than the herbicide treatment. Findings showed that Rasen was the most promising material for weed control among those studied. Results denoted that weed control capability of allelopathic materials had an impetuous effect on rice growth and yield.