Foot-and-mouth disease: the nature and importance of the disease

The Federal Republic of Germany is at present free from Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD). In many countries of the world, however, FMD is still an enzootic disease. Therefore, countries free from FMD have to be constantly on guard against importing the disease. The plurality of the agent as well as ways of transfer of the disease are described. In particular, clinical signs and pathological injuries are described and illustrated by photographs. Methods of preparing specimens from infected animals for laboratory diagnosis are pointed out.     

慢性气泡病发生机理及其衍生后遗症的危害

水温形成的养殖水体上下分层非常普遍且明显。晴天上表水层藻类光合作用产生的氧气,与池底有机物处于缺氧还原环境下脱氮产生的氮气,在上下水层不能进行交流的情况下,经常处于过饱和的现象。生存在这样水体的鱼类,不论是在鱼苗阶段还是成鱼阶段,过饱和游离气体将不可避免地进入其体内,使其患上气泡病。相对于鱼苗气泡病的急性发病症状,患上气泡病的成鱼不会有明显症状,称作慢性气泡病。目前由于人们对慢性气泡病产生机理了解不多或存在认识误区,致使气泡病常常成为继发病原性疾病的诱因,也是滥用药的入口。因此,我们应充分认识慢性气泡病发生机理,采取科学有效措施,消除气体过饱和的现象。     

对虾苗种生产中幼体停食病的探讨

对虾幼体停食病是近年来对虾苗种生产中的一种严重疾病，本文就其表现症状、防治实践和防治效果等进行了详细描述，并就与此相关的外源亲体和幼体的引入以及苗种生长中的幼体消毒和水处理工艺等问题进行了探讨，提出了防治途径与技术措施。     

三角帆蚌蚌瘟病的防治研究

本文用生态学和药物学相结合的方法,治疗由病毒引起的蚌瘟病取得一定进展,并报据某些西药(如血卟啉衍生物-HPD)的分子结构和药理性质,把其纳入中药学的药理范畴,达到在治疗蚌病中中西药相结合的目的。     

国内外口蹄疫的流行情况及防制

口蹄疫是一种高度传染性疾病,以传播迅速和发病率高而被国际兽医局列为法定报告动物疫病之首。该病不但严重危害畜牧业和经济,还对国家声誉、国际关系也有很大影响。本文在查阅近几年国内外有关口蹄疫文献的基础上,对其流行情况、防制策略等方面进行了总结,为该病的预防和控制提供参考和依据。     

条斑紫菜(Pyropia yezoensis)绿斑病病原菌的分离鉴定

绿斑病(Green spot disease)是一种常见的海区栽培条斑紫菜(Pyropia yezoensis)病害,在整个紫菜栽培期间都可能发生,以每年11~12月份最为严重,主要出现在幼叶期和成叶期。首先,在叶状体上出现红色或淡红色小斑,而后逐渐转变为绿色,病斑继续扩展,在叶状体表面形成若干孔洞,后期几乎整个藻体变绿。本研究对日照地区患绿斑病的条斑紫菜进行病原菌分离纯化,得到5株优势菌(编号为Y1~Y5),人工回感实验结果显示,Y1可以引起健康条斑紫菜发生绿斑病。对Y1进行了生理生化检测、16S rRNA、dnaA和dnaN基因序列分析,确定病原菌为海洋假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas marina)。对绿斑病的发病进程进行了观察,并检测了培养温度、海水比重和养殖密度等环境因子对绿斑病发生的影响,结果显示,高温和高密度养殖会加速绿斑病病情的发展,海水比重为1.022时,绿斑病发病较严重。本研究确定了一株引起条斑紫菜绿斑病的病原菌,并分析了部分理化因子对感染的影响,为条斑紫菜绿斑病的防控提供了基础数据。     

条斑紫菜(Pyropia yezoensis)绿斑病病原菌的分离鉴定

绿斑病(Green spot disease)是一种常见的海区栽培条斑紫菜(Pyropia yezoensis)病害,在整个紫菜栽培期间都可能发生,以每年11~12月份最为严重,主要出现在幼叶期和成叶期。首先,在叶状体上出现红色或淡红色小斑,而后逐渐转变为绿色,病斑继续扩展,在叶状体表面形成若干孔洞,后期几乎整个藻体变绿。本研究对日照地区患绿斑病的条斑紫菜进行病原菌分离纯化,得到5株优势菌(编号为Y1~Y5),人工回感实验结果显示,Y1可以引起健康条斑紫菜发生绿斑病。对Y1进行了生理生化检测、16S rRNA、dnaA和dnaN基因序列分析,确定病原菌为海洋假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas marina)。对绿斑病的发病进程进行了观察,并检测了培养温度、海水比重和养殖密度等环境因子对绿斑病发生的影响,结果显示,高温和高密度养殖会加速绿斑病病情的发展,海水比重为1.022时,绿斑病发病较严重。本研究确定了一株引起条斑紫菜绿斑病的病原菌,并分析了部分理化因子对感染的影响,为条斑紫菜绿斑病的防控提供了基础数据。     

The first record of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease in the Philippines

A new and emerging disease is threatening the shrimp industry, a bacterial disease which contains a highly pathogenic plasmid, creating a deadly toxin that causes high mortality in shrimps. The disease has been identified as acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) or commonly known as early mortality syndrome (EMS). To help the efforts of sustaining the shrimp industry, the study focused on detecting Vibrio parahaemolyticus causing AHPND/EMS affecting Penaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) (Pacific white shrimp) and Penaeus monodon (Fabricius 1798) (Black Tiger shrimp) in different locations in the Philippines. The presence of the disease was determined by microbiological methods and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and was confirmed by the histopathology of the hepatopancreas of infected shrimp. Results show that the prevalence of the pathogenic strain of V. parahaemolyticus from the shrimps collected were 33% in Luzon, 21% in Visayas and 5% in Mindanao. The study presents the first record of AHPND/EMS in the country. The detection of this newly emerging disease in the shrimp industry is very crucial as it is the first step in identifying affected sites towards strategizing ways to combat the disease.     

东风螺脱壳病活体接触感染试验

为了解东风螺能否通过接触感染脱壳病,将正在发生脱壳病的东风螺,与健康螺养在同一个水泥池,时间17～40d。实验结果:健康螺生长、摄食、存活基本正常,未出现感染脱壳病的症状。人工水泥池养殖东风螺,脱壳病的非生物病因是综合性因素造成的环境条件不适长期作用的结果。东风螺水泥池养殖病害防治,应以改善生态环境条件等综合预防措施为主。     

海龟的主要疾病及防治措施

海龟是国家二级保护动物,对海龟的常见的疾病及病因并就起防治方法进行了简单的阐述,有利于我们更好地保护海龟,为进一步开展海龟其他方面的研究打下良好的基础.     

条斑紫菜拟油壶菌病的初步研究

1960年新崎盛敏首先报道了寄生在紫菜叶状体细胞内的病原菌是壶状菌Olpidiopsis sp.,之后不少学者对这种病害的病症、发生情况及环境条件等进行了较深入的调查研究。其中右田清治在"养殖紫菜的壶状菌病"以及"紫菜的病害"中较详细描述了该病的病症、病原菌的     

Environmental factors influencing the prevalence of a cutaneous ulcerative disease (red spot) in the sea mullet, Mugil cephalus L., in the Clarence River, New South Wales, Australia

Abstract A cutaneous ulcerative disease (red spot) in sea mullet, Mugil cephalus L., from the Clarence River, New South Wales, Australia, was first reported in 1972. In this study, reports of disease outbreaks have been compared with rainfall and river flow records for the period from 1972 to 1988. Detailed disease prevalence, rainfall, river flow and water quality data were compared for the period from 1985 to 1988. Significant correlations between weekly rainfall in the lower catchment and the prevalence of early stage lesions have been found. Progression to later stages of the disease occurred after rainfall and high river flows, which also caused rapid changes in various water-quality characteristics such as salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and turbidity. Organochlorine insecticide residues were not found to be associated with the disease in this area. The rainfall record since 1902 does not explain the absence of earlier reports of the disease. It is postulated that extensive structural developments for flood mitigation purposes and the increase in agricultural cultivation in the lower Clarence catchment during the last 20 years may be factors associated with the onset of the early stage of red spot disease. Fish in this early stage of the disease may then develop dermal ulcers under the stressful river conditions typically present during the autumn (high rainfall) season.     

鱼类的鳃病及其防治方法

引起鱼类鳃病的病原体主要包括以下几种：细菌、病毒、霉菌、原生动物、单殖吸虫和甲壳类。本文对这些疾病的症状作了描述，并提出了综合防治措施。     

Use of GIS and machine learning to predict disease in shrimp farmed on the east coast of the Mekong Delta,Vietnam

Diseases in shrimp farms in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam cause significant crop losses and are therefore of great concern to producers. Once a pond becomes infected, it is difficult to prevent spread of the disease to nearby shrimp farming areas. Thus, predicting the occurrence of disease is an essential part of reducing the risk for shrimp farmers. In this study, we applied an integrated geographic information system and machine learning system to predict three serious diseases of shrimp, namely, acute hepatopancreatic necrosis, white spot syndrome disease, and Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei infection, based on data collected from shrimp farms in the Tra Vinh, Bac Lieu, Soc Trang, and Ca Mau provinces of Vietnam. We first constructed a map showing the distribution of these diseases using the locations of affected farms, and then we conducted spatial analysis to acquire the geographical features of the affected locations. This latter information was combined with environmental factors and clinical signs to form the set of independent variables affecting the outbreak of diseases. The neural network model outperformed the logistic regression, random forest, and gradient boosting methods in terms of predicting infection to estimate the probability of disease occurrence in farmed areas. Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease infected farms downstream of the Co Chien and Hau Rivers of Tra Vinh and west of Ca Mau. Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei infection is distributed in Soc Trang Province, while white spot syndrome virus has spread to the coastal districts of Soc Trang and Bac Lieu Provinces, where it is highly associated to water from a complex canal system.

     

Lipid storage disease similar to Wolman's disease in humans in the fox terrier

In three young fox terriers a lipid storage disease is reported. This thesaurosis is almost identical to Wolman's disease in children. Clinically and pathologically hepatosplenomegaly is the most striking feature. Morphologically the disease is characterized by extensive lipid deposition mainly in liver, spleen, lymphnodes, intestinal mucosa, and bone marrow. Circular corneal lipid deposit (Arcus lipoides corneae) is of diagnostic significance. Some of the material has the typical structure of cholesterol crystals. Under polarized light the deposits consist of birefringent and non-birefringent lipids. All three dogs with lipid storage disease have one common ancestor. In addition their pedigrees reveal close relationship amongst the nearer forefathers and the affected animals themselves. From analogy with human Wolman's disease it is concluded, that in the Foxterrier, too, this lipid storage disease is caused by an inheritable deficiency of acid esterase. The mode of inheritance of this inborn lysosomal disease is probably autosomal recessive.     

Testing of a pond‐side molecular diagnostic tool for the detection of white spot syndrome virus in shrimp aquaculture

White spot disease in penaeid shrimp is caused by the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). It is the most economically important disease of farmed warm‐water shrimp, causing extensive economic losses estimated from $8 to $15 billion since its emergence in the 1990s. Early diagnosis of disease is critical in the management of outbreaks and to avoid crop losses. Diagnosis of white spot disease is generally carried out in centralized laboratory settings using molecular biology approaches. However, this mode of testing can be expensive and time consuming, requiring laboratory equipment, highly trained laboratory personnel, dedicated laboratory space, and long‐distance transportation of samples from field to lab. In‐field diagnostics are gaining credence as tools for rapid and early animal disease detection, allowing diagnosticians and farmers to potentially manage disease outbreaks from the pond side. In the present study, we describe the development and application of a new in‐field point‐of‐need diagnostic test and platform for the diagnosis of WSSV in remote settings (shrimp farms). We report its performance in laboratory and field settings and compare it with current gold‐standard diagnostic approaches. We discuss the potential benefits (and barriers to uptake) of applying such testing in the global shrimp farming sector.     

农村散养畜禽寄生虫感染情况调查及防治报告

根据大竹县农村散养畜禽寄生虫病的感染情况及流行病学特点,提出了畜禽寄生虫病感染情况调查方案和驱虫试验。     

脊尾白虾杆状病毒病研究

脊尾白虾是一种野生的经济虾类，广温，广盐，杂食性，分布面极广，繁殖季节长。我们已在其病虾的肌肉，中肠等组织中发现Ｃ亚群杆状病毒，其形态结构及宿主的细胞病理学特征均与引起中国对虾，长毛对虾，日本对虾等养殖对虾病毒性流行病的Ｃ亚群杆状病毒类同。由此认为，脊尾白虾是我国养殖对虾病毒性流行病病原的常年媒介体。     

高锰酸钾药浴治疗对虾聚缩虫病初报

<正> 聚缩虫病是对虾养殖中的常见病,在有机质含量高,换水条件差的养虾池中更为多见。严重感染的病虾,在体表及附肢出现浅黄色的微毛丛(见图1),常浮在水面及池边,行