线纹尖塘鳢池塘规模化育苗技术研究

线纹尖塘鳢仔鱼期历时14~15 d,初孵仔鱼个体只有2.85 mm;混合营养期短,仅2~3 d,这对仔鱼的成活极为不利。仔幼鱼的摄饵大小L(mm)与口宽D(mm)呈正相关,关系式为D=2.0349L 0.2371,开口饵料大小为150~200μm轮虫。15日龄进入稚鱼期,历时29~30 d;27日龄后,全长约15 mm的稚鱼可以驯食人工混合饲料。45日龄后仔鱼发育成早期幼鱼,此时全长约27.2 mm。依仔幼鱼的食性与生长发育特性,2002~2005年间进行池塘规模化育苗,由前期仔鱼育成全长22.0~34.0 mm早期幼鱼523.7万尾,成活率20.3%~21.7%。     

大黄鱼人工育苗中的几点体会

大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea(Richardson)人工育苗自1985年福建闽东水产研究所利用海区亲鱼采卵育苗首获成功,及1987年利用人工培育的亲鱼首获人工催产成功以来,育苗技术日臻成熟,育苗量逐年增加。1996年春季,仅闽东地区就有育苗场近20家开展大黄鱼人工育苗,共育出幼鱼500多万尾。 我们于1996年4月初至7月初在宁德三商水产育苗场进行大黄鱼人工育苗。培育鱼苗6池次,除1池次因人为因素满池外,全部获得成功。共育出3cm以上的幼鱼50多万尾,鱼苗健康、整齐、生长迅速,23日龄平均全长2.0cm,32日龄平均全长3cm。现将育苗过程中的几点体会总结如下:     

银鲳人工育苗技术研究

2005~2006年,在舟山海域银鲳繁殖季节(4~5月),随流刺网和张网捕鱼船出海,捕捞性腺成熟的银鲳进行人工授精,把胚胎运回岸上在孵化桶中继续孵化,得到初孵仔鱼并移入水泥池中进行培育。在水温19.0~24.0℃、盐度25.0~28.0的人工育苗条件下培育苗种。饵料为轮虫、卤虫无节幼体和配合饲料,孵化后3 d仔鱼开始开口摄食。银鲳初孵仔鱼~12日龄为仔鱼期,13~40日龄为稚鱼期,41日龄起转为幼鱼期。经50 d培育,获得20~27 mm叉长的银鲳幼鱼。育苗成活率为5%~14%。     

珍爱水生生物资源、促进和谐社会发展

2005年7月9日，在黑龙江抚远县、同江市、萝北县江段成功举行了主题为“珍爱水生生物资源，促进和谐社会发展”的鲟鳇鱼放流活动。本次活动放流各种规格鲟鳇鱼幼鱼50万尾，其中体长在50cm以上的1年龄幼鱼200尾，体长15cm 2月龄幼鱼10万尾，体长在5--10cm的1月龄幼鱼40万尾。放流的鲟鳇鱼幼鱼由黑龙江省鲟鳇鱼放流站、黑龙江省特产鱼类研究所、哈尔滨市农业科学院水产分院、抚远县鲟鳇鱼放流站、同江市鲟鳇鱼放流站、勤得利施氏鲟养殖放流试验站等单位提供。     

鞍带石斑鱼仔稚（幼）鱼的发育和生长研究

对鞍带石斑鱼的仔稚幼鱼形态发育的各个阶段进行了观察与研究,详细描述从初孵仔鱼到幼鱼各个发育时期的形态特征和发育时间。根据卵黄囊的变化,长鳍棘的长出与收缩,鳞片和体色斑纹的出现,鞍带石斑鱼胚后发育可以划分为仔鱼期、稚鱼期、幼鱼期。仔鱼期又可分为卵黄囊期仔鱼和后期仔鱼。水温27～30℃,盐度27～31,pH值8.0～8.4的海水中培育,初孵仔鱼至孵化后2日龄为卵黄囊期仔鱼。2日龄仔鱼开口,3日龄至20日龄为后期仔鱼,22日龄至30日龄为稚鱼期,31日龄进入幼鱼期。鞍带石斑鱼胚后发育过程中最明显的变化是背鳍棘和腹鳍棘的生长和收缩,也是生产育苗当中比较关键的仔稚幼鱼变态过程。     

长江湖口水域四大家鱼幼鱼的耳石与生长研究

采用微耳石日轮鉴定了2009年7-8月采自长江湖口水域的23尾青鱼幼鱼、111尾草鱼幼鱼、73尾鲢幼鱼和70尾鳙幼鱼的日龄，其平均日龄分别为52.4±5.6d、57.1±10.6d、49.8±4.7d和57.5±7.1d。回归分析表明，四大家鱼幼鱼微耳石短半径与日龄及鱼体大小均呈显著线性关系，日龄与体长、体重也均呈显著线性关系。依据日龄推算，青鱼、草鱼、鲢和鳙幼鱼的体长平均生长率分别为0.1651 cm/d、0.1426cm/d、0.0928 cm/d、0.0997 cm/d，体重平均生长率分别为0.9412 g/d、1.0211g/d、0.4978 g/d、0.7292 g/d。     

大弹涂鱼室内、外结合人工育苗试验

2009年4月在380m2的土池投放大弹涂鱼2龄亲鱼35kg,5月23日-29日和6月6日-11日先后产出两批仔鱼,共260万尾,于5月29日和6月11日晚采用管道通过自然落差移到室内育苗池,经45d-47d培育,育出幼鱼79.1万尾,平均全长为22.71mm,总成活率30.42%。试验表明把土池产出的仔鱼引到室内进行培育,是突破大弹涂鱼生产性育苗难关的有效方案。     

斜带髭鲷室外水池仿生态系育苗研究

2001年至2002年,就斜带髭鲷(Hapalogenys n itens)室内人工育苗周期长、需求活饵多等问题,进行室外水池人工设置模仿自然生态条件的仿生态系育苗技术研究。即1号试验池接入6种生物饵料;2号对照池接入2种生物饵料。2001年仔鱼经108d培育,1号池、2号池分别获得幼鱼5.55万尾和3.03万尾,平均全长31mm和29mm,平均体重0.9g和0.75g,成活率达18.5%和10.1%;2002年仔鱼经60d培育,分别获得幼鱼4.98万尾和2.76万尾,平均全长36.7mm和30.8mm,平均体重1.48g和0.95g,成活率达16.6%和9.2%。试验结果:1号池的成活率、全长、体重明显好于2号对照池。表明在仔鱼培育期间,多种生物饵料有利于生物饵料的多样性以及开口仔鱼的摄食和营养,有利于鱼苗的生长发育和成活率的提高。     

双棘黄姑鱼鱼苗培育技术

采用牡蛎受精卵-轮虫-丰年虫幼体-桡足类-鱼肉糜育苗饵料系列,双棘黄姑鱼的育苗水温为23.5℃以上,2003年出苗全长4.11cm鱼苗12万尾;2004年出苗全长2.7 cm鱼苗8万尾;2005年出苗全长3.41 cm鱼苗33.7万尾,2005年育苗单位水体出苗率为3 510尾/m3,育苗成活率为41.6%.双棘黄姑鱼苗的特点为前期生长很慢而15日龄后生长极快,全长1.0 cm开始出现严重的自相残杀现象.     

许氏平鲉仔、稚鱼的摄食特性及幼鱼胃排空率

为阐明人工育苗条件下许氏平鲉早期发育阶段的摄食特性及变化规律,采用实验生态学方法,对人工育苗条件下许氏平鲉仔、稚鱼摄食特性及不同生长阶段幼鱼的胃排空率进行了研究。结果显示,许氏平鲉仔、稚鱼已具有较强的摄食能力,前期仔鱼(2日龄)昼夜摄食高峰出现于16:00;后期仔鱼(15日龄)与稚鱼(25日龄)的摄食高峰均出现在16:00—20:00,表现为白天摄食类型。许氏平鲉仔、稚鱼各阶段的日摄食率分别为42.26%(2日龄)、16.25%(15日龄)和13.07%(25日龄),可将其作为许氏平鲉早期发育阶段日投喂量的参考标准。在水温(22±0.5)°C条件下,摄食人工配合饵料的不同规格许氏平鲉幼鱼(平均体质量1.78和8.52 g)表现出明显不同的胃排空特征。采用线性模型、指数模型、平方根模型和Logistic模型均能较好地拟合实验幼鱼的胃排空数据。以R2、RSS、SDR为标准进一步比较,结果显示,体质量1.78和8.52 g幼鱼胃排空最佳拟合模型分别为线性模型和Logistic模型,其胃排空率分别为0.007和0.047 g/h,根据其胃排空特征以及投喂频率对幼鱼生长离散的影响等,建议将饱食投喂2~3次/d作为60~90日龄幼鱼的适宜投喂频率。     

Salinity regulates antioxidant enzyme and Na+K+‐ATPase activities of juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus 1758)

Effects of salinity on the growth, survival, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and sodium‐potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na⁺K⁺‐ATPase) activities of juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus were studied under a laboratory condition. Experimental fish were reared at the salinities of 10‰, 18‰, 26‰ and 34‰ for 30 days. Growth and survival of juvenile golden pompano were significantly affected by the rearing salinity. Fish reared at 34‰ achieved the highest specific growth rate, while the highest survival was obtained when fish were cultured at the salinity of 26‰. The highest GPX activity was obtained when fish were cultured at 26‰, and the lowest GPX activity was observed when fish reared at 34‰ salinity. The SOD activities of fish reared at 18‰ and 34‰ were significantly higher than those reared at 10‰ and 26‰. The lowest of Na⁺K⁺‐ATPase activity was obtained in fish reared at 34‰, while the highest Na⁺K⁺‐ATPase activity was obtained when fish reared at 18‰. Results from present study indicate that juvenile golden pompano can be reared above 18‰ without sacrificing fish survival, and the best growth can be achieved when fish is reared at the salinity of 34‰. The salinity of 10‰ may be too low for juvenile golden pompano as the growth, survival and SOD activity were reduced.     

Effect of salinity on the rearing performance of juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus 1758)

Effect of rearing salinity on the performance of juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus 1758) was studied under a laboratory condition. Fish growth, survival, RNA/DNA ratio, pepsin activity, α‐amylase activity and FCR were used as evaluation criteria. The growth and RNA/DNA ratio were significantly affected by the rearing salinity. High growth rate and RNA/DNA ratio were observed when fish were reared at the salinity of 34‰. The pepsin activity of fish was not significantly affected by the rearing salinity. However, the α‐amylase activity of fish was significantly affected by the rearing salinity. The α‐amylase activity of fish reared at the salinity of 10‰ was significantly lower than fish cultured at the salinity of 34‰. Rearing salinity can significantly affect the FCR of juvenile golden pompano. The FCR of fish cultured at the salinity of 10‰ was 5‐times higher than the FCR of fish reared at 34‰. Results from the present study indicate that juvenile golden pompano can be reared above 26‰ without affecting fish performance, and the salinity of 10‰ may be too low to rear juvenile golden pompano as fish growth, RNA/DNA ratio and α‐amylase activity were reduced.     

Effects of salinity level on the survival,growth, feed utilization,carcass composition,haematological and serum biochemical changes of juvenile Meagre (Argyrosomus regius) (Asso, 1801) grown in ground saltwater

A study was performed to examine the effects of salinity on water quality, fish performance, carcass composition and haemato‐biochemical parameters in juvenile meagre, Argyrosomus regius. Fish (5.0 g) were stocked in fibreglass tanks at four salinity levels: 8‰, 16‰, 24‰ and 32‰, and fed a pelleted diet (47/17 protein/lipid) for 56 days. Results indicated that the growth, feed utilization, carcass composition and haemato‐biochemical parameters of meagre gradually improved with the increase in salinity up to 24‰ and then significantly (p ≤ .05) decreased at 32‰. The survival per cent showed a significant decrease when A. regius exposed to 8‰ salinity. An improvement with 32%, 47% and 34.1% of FCR, protein productive value and energy utilization was detected at 24‰ compared with 8‰ salinity respectively. The highest content of protein and the lowest of lipids were recorded in fish carcass at 24‰ compared with the opposite trend at 8‰ salinity. The 24‰ salinity treatment exhibited the highest value of haemoglobin (4.9 g/dl) and the lowest ratio (0.73) of albumin/globulin. The serum total protein, albumin and globulin were significantly higher at 24‰ and 32‰ salinity than those at 8‰ and 16‰ salinity groups. These findings indicate that 24‰ salinity level might be the best for meagre.     

防城港人工礁区内5种恋礁鱼类的声学标志跟踪

为了解人工鱼礁区鱼类的活动特点及使用超声波遥测方法进行人工鱼礁区鱼类研究的可行性, 2017年7月7日至9月8日于防城港人工鱼礁区利用Vemco定位系统(Vemco position system, VPS)对5种北部湾沿海常见的野生恋礁性鱼类共9尾[体长(21.7±3.8) cm,体重(314±186) g]进行超声波标志遥测跟踪。结果表明, 9尾鱼中的3尾定位效果较为理想(1749～9591个定位结果),活动范围较小,其中100%最小凸多边形(minimum convex polygon, MCPs)范围为12687.6～17123.2 m~2。而50%和95%核心利用分布(Kernelutilizationdistribution,KUDs)范围为5788.1～8708.9 m~2和10240.5～16463.7 m~2。另6尾鱼未取得理想的定位效果(0～14个定位结果),接收机接收回的定位数据可以被检测,表明鱼依然在礁区附近活动。在游离检测范围28～51 d后又有信号返回,说明样本鱼对人工鱼礁环境有一定的偏好性,研究期间样本鱼表现出一定的活动深度变化规律,在15:00～22:00时段活动深度相对较浅,主要集中于人工鱼礁礁体上方(距水底5 m以上)。研究表明,应用超声波遥测技术可以了解鱼类在自然生活状态下的活动特点,可作为鱼类研究的有效手段加以应用。     

Survival, growth, food conversion efficiency and plasma osmolality of juvenile Siganus guttatus (Bloch, 1787): experimental analyses of salinity effects

We studied the effects of salinity on survival, growth, food conversion efficiency and plasma osmolality of juvenile Siganus guttatus in two independent experiments. In the first experiment, fish were transferred from 30 ‰ salinity to freshwater, 5, 10, 20 and 30 ‰ salinities for 192 h. No fish died when transferred directly from 30 ‰ to salinities >5 ‰. However, all fish died in the freshwater treatment. In the second experiment, survival, growth, feeding rate, food conversion efficiency and plasma osmolality of fish were analyzed during 6 weeks in salinities of 5, 10, 20 and 30 ‰ (control). At the end of this experiment, the final weight and the specific growth rate of fish were significantly greater at 10 ‰ than fish in all other treatments. Feeding rate increased significantly with decreasing salinity: 10 ‰ > 20 ‰ > 30 ‰. However, the food conversion efficiency was not significantly different between fish in any treatment. Plasma osmolality of fish in 20 and 30 ‰ salinity was significantly greater than fish reared at 10 or 5 ‰. A salinity of 13.95 ‰ (411.88 mOsmol/kg) was the point of isosmolality for juvenile S. guttatus.     

低盐刺参家系的建立与生长性状比较

目前尚未见关于刺参低盐家系建立的报道,本实验采用巢式的配对方法建立低盐刺参半同胞家系9个,共36个全同胞家系以及4个对照组,分别饲养于21‰、24‰、27‰、30‰四个不同盐度下。对体长、体重定期进行测量、分析。结果表明:不同低盐刺参家系在不同盐度环境下的生长差异显著。在21‰盐度下,5、7号家系具有明显的优势;在24‰盐度下5、7、9号家系具有明显的优势;在27‰盐度下7、11号家系具有明显的优势;在30‰盐度下9号家系具有明显的优势。通过分析发现,7、11号家系在低盐环境下的生长表现优秀,可以作为进一步进行耐低盐家系选育的材料。     

北盘江光照水电站建设前后鱼类资源变化

2009年9月和2010年5月,对北盘江光照水电站影响河段鱼类资源进行现场调查,采集鱼类45种,其中18种为新记录种,各河段鱼类组成特点与生态类型相符。结合相关文献资料,确定调查河段鱼类共71种,其中珍稀濒危鱼类4种,珠江水系特有鱼类3种。光照电站的建设对库区河段的鱼类资源影响显著,喜静缓流生境鱼类占76.5%,喜急流...     

Day–night change in fish community structure in a seagrass bed in subarctic waters

The day–night change in fish community structure over a year was examined in a seagrass bed in Lake Notoro, Hokkaido, northern Japan, to examine nocturnal increases in predation risk. This seagrass bed has previously been considered a predation refuge for juvenile and small-sized fishes. Species richness, abundance and biomass of piscivorous fishes during nighttime were higher than those during daytime on all sample dates surveyed (May, August and November 2013), indicating an increase in predation risk for juvenile and small-sized fishes during nighttime. The mean biomass-weighted trophic level of fish communities in the seagrass bed was also higher at night than in the day. The piscivorous fishes collected in the seagrass bed during the night included important fishery species. These may obtain energy through nocturnal feeding in the seagrass bed. Therefore, the function of seagrass beds as fish habitats should be re-evaluated by considering two possible characteristics contributing to fishery production: as a daytime predation refuge for juvenile and small-sized fishes, and as a nighttime foraging ground for piscivorous fishes.     

应用稳定同位素技术分析枸杞岛近岸海域褐菖鲉的食性

为获知褐菖鲉的食性,本研究应用碳、氮稳定同位素技术分析了不同季节和发育阶段褐菖鲉的摄食习性,并评估了浮游动物、端足类、虾蟹类和小型鱼类等饵料生物对褐菖鲉的营养贡献。结果显示,枸杞岛近岸海域4个季节褐菖鲉的δ~(13)C值为–18.2‰~–14.7‰,平均值为–15.6‰;δ~(15)N值为3.3‰~9.9‰,平均值为7.9‰;单因素方差分析显示,褐菖鲉的δ~(13)C值和δ~(15)N值在不同季节之间差异都不显著,说明不同季节之间褐菖鲉的食性差异不大。对褐菖鲉全长和碳、氮稳定同位素比值进行线性回归分析,显示其δ~(13)C值和δ~(15)N值随全长变化都极显著,表明不同发育阶段褐菖鲉的食性差异极显著。聚类分析将不同全长的褐菖鲉分为3组,其中0~19 mm为一组,20~79和80~109 mm为一组,110~199 mm为一组,ANOSIM分析3组之间的差异极显著。褐菖鲉的δ~(13)C值与虾蟹类和鱼类等饵料类群δ~(13)C值较接近,应用Iso Source软件分析饵料类群的营养贡献时发现,麦秆虫对褐菖鲉的的营养贡献均值最大,为22.3%,鱼类、虾蟹类等饵料类群的营养贡献均值都超过了12%。枸杞岛近岸海域褐菖鲉的平均营养级为3.18,属于低级肉食性鱼类,主要摄食麦秆虫、鱼类和虾蟹类,是底栖动物食性,而非浮游动物食性。     

不同水质盐度对乌鳢(Ophiocephalus argus Cantor)胚胎发育及仔鱼生长的影响

本文通过不同水质盐度对乌鳢胚胎及仔鱼发育影响的试验,得出乌鳢的胚胎发育对水质盐度的适应范围为0～13.68‰,适宜范围为1.50～7.12‰;其仔鱼较胚胎发育期耐盐能力相对较弱,适应范围为0～5.62‰,适宜范围为0～2.9‰。