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麻痹性贝毒对海洋贝类的影响及加速贝毒净化的研究进展 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
麻痹性贝毒 (ParalyticShellfishPoison ,PSP)是目前世界上分布最广 ,发生频率最高的一种贝毒。它是由STX及其衍生物组成的一类赤潮生物毒素 ,主要来源于能形成赤潮的有毒甲藻。这些甲藻大多隶属于三个属 (Alexandrium ,Pyro dinium ,Gymnodium) [1] 。PSP毒素目前已知有二十多种 ,其基本结构是四氢嘌呤环 ,根据R4基团的不同可以分为四类。其中氨甲酰类毒素的毒性最强。那些基本的中毒症状很可能是由它们所引起的。N -磺氨甲酰类毒素经常存在于肇事的甲藻或贝类中。但由… 相似文献
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对国内两种主要贝毒--腹泻性贝毒(DSP)和麻痹性贝毒(PSP)进行了电离辐射辐照降解处理的研究.采用电子束和钴-60两种电离辐射方式,在0~10kGy的辐射剂量下对带有腹泻性贝毒的牡蛎样品和麻痹性贝毒的浓缩粉样品进行处理,用小白鼠毒理法对辐照前后的贝毒进行检测对比.经过对比发现,辐照对这两种贝类毒素均有降解效果,采用电子束辐射的效果优于钴-60辐射.电子束辐射对麻痹性贝毒的降解效果随着辐照剂量的增加而呈现一定的正比关系.在对麻痹性贝毒的辐照中,3.2 kGy与5.8 kGy的辐射剂量降解效果相差不大,降解率均在15%左右,而8.8 kGy辐射剂量的降解效果接近30%.说明电离辐射对贝毒有显著降解作用. 相似文献
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贝毒素的研究现状及产生源探究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
海洋中有毒藻类的爆发性增殖或通过在鱼、虾、贝类等海洋生物体内的蓄积会产生一些有毒的活性高分子化合物即海洋生物毒素(marine toxins),其中,目前危害较大的是贝毒素。贝毒危害具有突发性和广泛性,由于其毒性大、反应快、无适宜解毒剂,给防治带来了许多困难,因此,开展贝毒研究对确保水产品及人类生命财产安全具有重要意义。 相似文献
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贝毒监测与预报及其在决策中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
1 贝毒带来的损失生活在海洋中的贝类 ,其食物主要来自于海水中的单细胞藻类。在众多的单细胞藻类中 ,有些种类是有毒的 ,当贝类摄入有毒单细胞藻类或者其休眠孢子后 ,藻类毒素会在贝类体内累积 ,使贝类具有毒性 ,即贝毒。目前对人类危害严重的主要有麻痹性贝毒(ParalyticShellfishPoisoning,PSP) ,腹泻性贝毒 (Diar rheticShellfishPoisoning ,DSP) ,失去记忆性贝毒 (Am nesicShellfishPoisoning,ASP) ,神经性贝毒 (NeurotoxicSh… 相似文献
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鱼虾贝肝脏sGST去毒酶基因的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(glutath ione S-transferase,GST)是代谢多种内源或外源毒性物质之解毒酶系统的重要组成部分,有胞液和膜结合两种形式,以胞液GST(sGST)为主。鱼虾贝肝脏sGST去毒酶基因对其体内农药、藻毒素等毒物的去除起关键作用。简要报道本实验室有关海淡水鱼虾贝肝脏sGST去毒酶基因克隆、表达调控及转基因的研究进展,并简述鱼虾贝肝脏sGST去毒酶基因研究对我国海淡水鱼虾贝健康养殖发展与食用安全保障的重大意义。 相似文献
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《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(2):53-74
Forty-seven retail samples of fish (28 species) were tested for levels of free histidine, histamine and aerobic plate counts. Five samples had elevated levels (≥ 20 mg/100 g) of histamine and all had < 100 mg/100 g. Three species had free histidine levels of more than 1000 mg/l00 g and these have been implicated in scombroid poisoning in New Zealand. One species with high histidine levels, kahawai (Arripis trutta), was chosen to determine the conditions under which potentially hazardous levels of histamine might develop. Two trials were carried out in which kahawai were stored under 17 regimes at temperatures between 0 and 35°C. For 10 of these treatments the fish were transferred from elevated storage temperatures to refrigerated storage during the trials. Levels of histidine and histamine, aerobic plate counts at 20°C and 35°C and sensory quality were monitored. The levels of free histidine in kahawai varied with season, and in Trial 2 there was a net loss of histidine + histamine during storage. Bleeding kahawai did not significantly affect the levels of histidine. Histamine levels varied greatly in fish held under identical conditions. Fish held at ambient temperatures developed the highest levels of histamine. Elevated histamine levels (> 20 mg/100 g) were first recorded in fish stored for 0.9, 0.9, 1, 2, 2.7, and 8 days at 35, 30, 25, 20, 15 and 10°C respectively. Storage at 5°C after storage at higher temperatures did not result in elevated levels. Of the 59 samples with elevated histamine levels, 9 had acceptable sensory characteristics while all had aerobic plate counts exceeding 106 colony-forming units/g. Aerobic plate counts at 20°C are recommended over those at 35°C. It is concluded that fresh kahawai will only present a hazard from scombroid poisoning under conditions of extreme temperature abuse and that the presence of high numbers of bacteria is a good indicator of the hazard while sensory quality is not. 相似文献
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K. Chalermwat B.W. Szuster M. Flaherty 《Aquaculture Economics & Management (Blackwell Science)》2013,17(3-4):249-261
Abstract Shellfish have been farmed in Thailand for over 100 years, and during this time, traditional culture techniques have gradually given way to more sophisticated and capital intensive methods. Farmed shellfish production increased from 73,976 to 138,202 metric tonnes between 1988 and 2000. Major species currently under cultivation include the green mussel Perna viridis, the blood cockle Anadara granosa, and three species of oyster (Saccostrea cucullata, Crassostrea belcheri, and Crassostrea iredalei). The horse mussel Arcuatula arcuatula is also produced in limited amounts for animal feed, and gastropods such as the abalone Haliotis asinina and the spotted babylon Babylonia areolata are in the initial phases of commercialization. With the globalization of fisheries commodity markets, the Thai shellfish sector is slowly implementing more rigorous management and certification processes. These procedures are required to access European, American and Japanese markets, and would also serve to decrease the risk of gastrointestinal disease for local consumers. 相似文献
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染色体组工程的研究,主要是指人工雌核生殖,人工雄核生殖,多倍体的诱导等方面的研究,自从Stanlq等(1981)报道了人工诱导美洲牡蛎(Crassostreavirginica)受精卵获得多倍体以来,海洋经济贝类多倍体育种研究取得了很大进展。除了对各种诱导方法进行了探索和完善外,对多倍体贝类的生物学也进行了较多的研究。研究表明,人工诱导的三倍体贝类具有不育、个体大、生长快、肉质好等优良品性。因此,根据各种经济贝类养殖需要,培育三倍体品种,对促进贝类养殖生产的发展,具有重要的经济价值和应用前景。近年来水产动物染色体组的操作,新的染色体操… 相似文献
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