四种常用药物对金鱼的急性毒性试验

本文研究了四种药物对金鱼的急性毒性作用，结果表明，高锰酸钾、硫酸铜、敌百虫和福尔马林的安全浓度分别为0．80mg／L、1．34mg／L、4．97mg／L、19．86mg／L。根据实验结果，建议在金鱼疾病防治中，高锰酸钾要慎用，福尔马林不宜作为遍洒药物用，敌百虫和硫酸铜是理想的鱼病防治药物。     

4种常用水产药物对丁鱼种的急性毒性实验

在常温静水条件下,4种常用水产药物对丁鱼岁(Tincatinca)鱼种急性毒性实验结果表明:安全浓度为硫酸铜硫酸亚铁合剂(5∶2)0.84mg/L,福尔马林7.50mg/L,敌百虫8.57mg/L,高锰酸钾0.85mg/L。丁鱼岁对这4种药物的敏感性大小为:硫酸铜硫酸亚铁合剂>高锰酸钾>福尔马林>敌百虫。敌百虫可作为丁鱼岁疾病防治用药,硫酸铜硫酸亚铁合剂应谨慎使用,福尔马林和高锰酸钾不宜施用。     

4种常用水产药物对丁(鱼岁)鱼种的急性毒性实验

在常温静水条件下,4种常用水产药物对丁鱼岁(Tinca tinca)鱼种急性毒性实验结果表明:安全浓度为硫酸铜硫酸亚铁合剂(5∶2)0.84mg/L,福尔马林7.50mg/L,敌百虫8.57mg/L,高锰酸钾0.85mg/L.丁鱼岁对这4种药物的敏感性大小为:硫酸铜硫酸亚铁合剂＞高锰酸钾＞福尔马林＞敌百虫.敌百虫可作为丁鱼岁疾病防治用药,硫酸铜硫酸亚铁合剂应谨慎使用,福尔马林和高锰酸钾不宜施用.     

4种药物对叶尔羌高原鳅的急性毒性试验

在水温(17±2)℃条件下,采用水生生物急性毒性试验方法,研究了福尔马林、高锰酸钾、硫酸铜和敌百虫,4种药物对叶尔羌高原鳅的24h、48h的半致死浓度(LD50)和安全浓度(SC)。结果表明:福尔马林、高锰酸钾、硫酸铜和敌百虫24h的LC50分别为:113.89、6.43、3.37和14.18mg/L。48h的LC50分别为97.03、4.50、2.38和11.28mg/L。4种药物的SC分别为24.08、0.94、0.50和2.69mg/L。在对叶尔羌高原鳅疾病预防和治疗过程中,建议高锰酸钾不要用于疾病的治疗,硫酸铜的使用要谨慎,福尔马林和敌百虫可用于疾病的治疗。     

六种常用水产药物对花(鱼骨)的急性毒性试验

在常温静水条件下,六种水产药物对花鱼种的急性毒性试验结果表明:硫酸铜硫酸亚铁合剂、高锰酸钾、亚甲基兰、敌百虫、福尔马林、食盐的安全浓度分别为0.04mg/L、0.26mg/.L、0.70mg/L、3.27mg/L、5.59mg/L、871.43mg/L;花对这6种药物的敏感性大小依次为:硫酸铜硫酸亚铁合剂>高锰酸钾>亚甲基兰甲醛>敌百虫>福尔马林>食盐。     

丁(鱼岁)对几种药物的敏感性研究

用硫酸铜、高锰酸钾、强氯精、敌百虫对丁（鱼岁）进行药物毒性敏感性试验。结果表明：丁（鱼岁）对硫酸铜、高锰酸钾、强氯精、敌百虫的敏感顺序为：硫酸铜＞高锰酸钾＞强氯精＞敌百虫，安全浓度分别是：0．32mg／L、0．64mg／L、1．05rng／L，丁（鱼岁）对敌百虫敏感性不强。     

美洲鳗对某些药物的敏感性研究

美洲鳗对某些常用药物的敏感性顺序为：兴棉宝＞水胺硫磷＞孔雀石绿＞敌敌畏＞硫酸铜＞高锰酸钾＞敌百虫＞乐果＞福尔马林。本研究根据Tlm24和Tlm24计算了各种药物的使用安全浓度。     

6种常用药物对乌鳢的急性毒性研究

在室内常温、静水条件下、用生物毒性试验方法进行硫酸铜、敌百虫、孔雀石绿、高锰酸钾、生石灰、福尔马林对乌鳢苗种（６￣８ｃｍ）的急性毒性试验，结果表明６种药物的安全浓度分别为０．０３８５、０．１０５、０．１１５、０．４６０、０．７６５、０．８１５ｍｇ／Ｌ；其中生石灰不宜作为防治乌鳢鱼病的药物，其它５种为较理想药物。     

4种常用渔药对鲢鱼种的急性毒性试验

研究了硫酸铜、福尔马林、高锰酸钾和敌百虫4种渔药对鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)鱼种的急性毒性。结果显示:硫酸铜的24 h LC50为7.71 mg/L,48 h LC50为6.11 mg/L,安全浓度为1.15 mg/L;福尔马林的24 hLC50为48.17 mg/L,48 h LC50为36.25 mg/L,安全浓度为6.16 mg/L;高锰酸钾的24 h LC50为3.87 mg/L,48 hLC50为2.75 mg/L,安全浓度为1.74 mg/L;敌百虫的24 h LC50为11.96 mg/L,48 h LC50为9.39 mg/L,安全浓度为0.42 mg/L。结果表明,敌百虫可安全使用,硫酸铜和福尔马林需慎用,高锰酸钾不适宜在鲢鱼种的防病中使用。     

七种常用药物对光倒刺[鱼巴]的急性毒性试验

在水温23．5—28．5Y：的条件下，用氯化钠、聚维酮碘、强氯精、高锰酸钾、硫酸铜、敌百虫、生石灰等7种药物对全长3．0—4．7cm的光倒刺[鱼巴]进行急性毒性试验，结果表明，以96h半致死浓度为标准，光倒刺[鱼巴]对上述药物的敏感性大小依次为：强氯精〉硫酸铜〉高锰酸钾〉敌百虫〉聚维酮碘〉生石灰〉氯化钠，安全浓度分别为0．05、0．05、0．27、1．1、10．3、61．4和3555．0mg／L。强氯精、硫酸铜和高锰酸钾3种药物的安全浓度低于常用量，应谨慎使用。     

双棘黄姑鱼对硫酸铜、福尔马林的耐受性研究

采用急性攻毒的方法,对双棘黄姑鱼进行硫酸铜、福尔马林等两种水产养殖常用驱虫药物的毒性试验,研究其耐受性。结果表明:硫酸铜对双棘黄姑鱼的半致死质量浓度TLm12、TLm24、TLm48、TLm72、TLm96分别为12.6、5.12、4.37、3.18、2.56 mg/L,安全质量浓度为0.96 mg/L;福尔马林对双棘黄姑鱼的半致死质量浓度分别为396.5、317.5、288.4、195.6、156.6 mg/L,安全质量浓度为71.39 mg/L。表明硫酸铜、福尔马林是安全、有效的驱虫剂。     

Acute Toxicity of Several Chemicals to the Oligochaete Dero digitata

Proliferative gill disease (PGD) is a serious problem in the farm-raised channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus industry. Interrupting the life cycle of the sporozoan causative agent by eliminating Dero digitata worms from culture ponds would be one method of controlling PGD. Eight chemicals—sodium chloride, hydrogen peroxide, formalin, potassium permanganate, liquid copper sulfate, chloramine-T, rotenone and Bayluscide—were tested for acute toxicity against D. digitata . Static, single compound acute toxicity tests were conducted using three replications (10 worm/replicate) of six chemical concentrations and a control. Spearman-Karber analysis was used to calculate 24- and 48-h LC50 concentrations based on active ingredient for each compound. Calculated 24-h LC50 values were: sodium chloride 6,800 mg/L, hydrogen peroxide 13.2 μL/L, formalin 23.3 μL/L, potassium perrnanganate 5.7 mg/L, copper sulfate 7.6 mg/L, chloramine-T 29.5 mg/L, rotenone 0.26 μL/L, and Bayluscide 0.24 mg/L. Formalin and hydrogen peroxide may be options for eliminating D. digitata populations in ponds with fish because their LC50 concentrations were consistent with safe concentrations for fish. Rotenone, Bayluscide, chloramine-T, formalin, and potassium permanganate may be useful as a pond sterilization strategy by treating fingerling ponds prior to stocking fish each year. However, the presence of substrate and organic matter in ponds could impact the efficacy of the chemicals and D. digitata's response to treatment. Treatments should be further evaluated to determine field efficacy, procedures for use, and effects on cost of production.     

四种水产药物对硬刺松潘裸鲤幼鱼的急性毒性试验

在溶氧(7.0±0.3)mg/L,水温(18±1)℃,pH 7.8±0.1条件下,采用国家标准半静态方式水生生物急性毒性实验法研究了高锰酸钾、硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁合剂(5∶2)、敌百虫和甲醛对硬刺松潘裸鲤(Gymnocypris potanini firmispinatus Wu et Wu)幼鱼的急性毒性试验。试验结果显示,高锰酸钾、硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁合剂、敌百虫和甲醛对硬刺松潘裸鲤幼鱼的24 h半致死浓度(24 h LC50)分别为4.57、2.74、8.00和54.69 mg/L,48 h半致死浓度(48 h LC50)分别为4.13、2.35、7.34和47.03 mg/L;96 h半致死浓度(96 h LC50)分别为3.37、1.92、4.76和40.44 mg/L;其安全浓度分别为1.01、0.52、1.85和10.43 mg/L。根据国家标准和本实验数据表明,甲醛对硬刺松潘裸鲤幼鱼微毒,高锰酸钾、硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁合剂和敌百虫对其中毒。     

Toxicity of Four Chemotherapeutic Agents to Rabbitfish Siganus rivulatus

As aquaculture evolves from extensive pond culture to intensive tank and cage systems, chemical dips and baths are increasingly being used to treat a concomitant increase in ectoparasitic and bacterial infestations. Some of the main disease‐causing agents are ectoparasites on the skin and gills of fish. Consequently, application of chemotherapeutics is increasing in aquaculture industries in order to control outbreaks of parasitic infestations. However, the toxic effect of commonly used chemotherapeutic agents on specific aquacultured fish species is often unknown. The present work was performed to test the effect of four commonly used chemical treatments on rabbitfish, Siganus rivulatus. The lethal concentrations for 50% of population (LC₅₀) of formalin, copper sulfate, potassium permanganate, and hydrogen peroxide for S. rivulatus juveniles treated for 1 h were assessed. Formalin and potassium permanganate tolerance values were determined by calculating 72‐h LC₅₀ values through probit analysis. The 72‐h LC₅₀ values for the formalin toxicity tests were 551.0 and 1.68 mg/L, respectively. LC₅₀ of copper sulfate and hydrogen peroxide could not be determined from the concentrations tested but were found to be >3 and >700 mg/L, respectively. Accordingly, treatment concentrations of formalin and potassium permanganate used for other fish species could be lethal to S. rivulatus, but the species appears to be quite tolerant to copper sulfate and hydrogen peroxide.     

Chemical Prevention and Treatment of Winter Saprolegniosis (“Winter Kill”) in Channel Catfish Ictalurus puncfatus1

The efficacies of formalin, potassium permanganate, sodium chloride, and copper sulfate as prophylactic treatments for saprolegniosis (“winter kill”) in channel caffish Icralums puncratus were evaluated. Formalin and copper sulfate were also evaluated as postinfective treatments for the disease. Each of the five experiments was conducted with 5–to 7-g channel catfish placed in static water aquaria maintained in refrigerated tanks. Water temperature was reduced from 25 to 10 C within 36 h and maintained at 10 ± 0.5 C for 28 d. Fish were exposed to cultured Saprolegnia sp. at 20 C, and morbidity and mortality data were recorded for 28 d. Saprolegnia sp.-associated mortalities occurred 7–10 d after exposure. Formalin (25 mg/L) was effective as both a prophylactic and postinfective treatment for saprolegniosis. Copper sulfate was effective in preventing saprolegniosis at a concentration of 0.1 mg/L, but was ineffective as a postinfective treatment. Sodium chloride at 5,000 mg/L was effective in preventing saprolegniosis, but was not practical for use in the commercial catfish industry. Potassium permanganate (up to 0.5 mg/L) was not effective in preventing or treating saprolegniosis in channel caffish. Based on the results of this study, it may be possible to prevent saprolegniosis in channel catfish using formalin or copper sulfate during winter when fish are immunosuppressed by rapid decreases in water temperature or to treat infected fish with formalin. However, the routine use of chemicals to control this disease should not be recommended until studies on their efficacy under typical caffish culture conditions and the effect of long-term use of chemicals on fish and on the environment are completed.     

11种常用渔药对淡水硝化细菌硝化作用的影响

在硝化作用稳定的试验系统中加人常用剂量的戊二醛0.5mg/L(全水体质量浓度,下同)、高锰酸钾3mg/L、聚维酮碘2mg/L、生石灰20mg/L,溴氯海因1 mg/L、漂白粉2mg/L、敌百虫1mg/L、指环净0.6mg/L、CuSO_4 0.5mg/L+FeSO_4 0.2mg/L合剂、氟苯尼考6mg/L和土霉素20...     

4种中草药对金鱼的急性毒性试验

在常温静水条件下，选用4种中草药对金鱼进行急性毒性试验。根据96hTLm来判断药物对金鱼的毒性大小。结果表明：这4种中草药的毒性大小顺序为：贯众〉苦楝〉青蒿〉鱼腥草；高浓度中草药水提液和CuSO4同时使用时毒性较大；置金鱼于中草药水提液中药浴后进行CuSO4毒性试验，除鱼腥草外，药浴72小时以内可降低其死亡率。     

在轮虫培养中用敌百虫杀灭桡足类的试验

针对鱼、虾、蟹人工苗种生产中经常遇到的由于轮虫中混杂桡足类导致育苗失败的实际情况,探讨利用轮虫和桡足类对晶体敌百虫忍耐性的差异,在不影响轮虫生长、繁殖的情况下彻底清除桡足类的方法。结果表明:轮虫和桡足类对敌百虫的忍耐性有较大的差异,轮虫和桡足类的96h敌百虫安全浓度分别为2.0mg/L和0.2mg/L;致死浓度分别为3.0mg/L(96h)和0.4 mg/L(72h);在敌百虫添加浓度0.5~2.0mg/L条件下,敌百虫对轮虫繁殖率的影响随添加浓度加大而增加,但这一影响是可逆的,一般在2~3d后即可恢复正常。在苗种生产实际中,将敌百虫处理浓度定为1.0~1.5mg/L较为适宜。