不同配合饲料与冰鲜鱼的投喂对三疣梭子蟹生长性能和血液生化指标的影响

探讨了不同配合饲料和冰鲜鱼对三疣梭子蟹幼蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)生长性能、体组成及血清生理生化指标的影响。试验共分三个处理组:以红鱼粉为主要蛋白源的红鱼粉组,以白鱼粉为主要蛋白源的白鱼粉组以及冰鲜鱼组。每组20只幼蟹(初始平均体重:16.38±5.33g),单体饲养于塑料养殖筐中56d。结果表明:红鱼粉组与白鱼粉组幼蟹成活率比较高,增重率、特定生长率均显著高于冰鲜鱼组(P0.05),而饵料系数显著低于冰鲜鱼组(P0.05),红鱼粉组与白鱼粉组之间各生长指标无显著差异(P0.05);各组幼蟹体成分中的水分,粗蛋白,粗灰分含量均无显著差异(P0.05),但红鱼粉组与白鱼粉组幼蟹粗脂肪含量显著高于冰鲜鱼组(P0.05),且红鱼粉组显著高于白鱼粉组(P0.05);投喂配合饲料和冰鲜鱼对三疣梭子蟹幼蟹血清谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶活性及葡萄糖、甘油三酯含量无显著影响,但配合饲料组的碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于冰鲜鱼组,红鱼粉组的总蛋白含量显著高于冰鲜鱼组(P0.05)。综合实验结果,投喂配合饲料显著提高了三疣梭子蟹的生长性能、体粗脂肪含量与血清碱性磷酸酶活性,投喂配合饲料效果显著好于冰鲜鱼,而三疣梭子蟹对红鱼粉与白鱼粉的利用没有显著差异。     

饲料蛋白对翘嘴红鲌蛋白质周转代谢的影响

选择健康的翘嘴红(体重12.84±0.60g)为试验鱼,以红鱼粉为蛋白源,配制5个蛋白水平(31.04%、35.51%、40.89%4、6.62%、50.33%)的等能、等必需氨基酸(EAA)平衡关联度的半精制饲料;又以豆粕替代鱼粉,大豆蛋白分别替代0、13.5%、27%、40.5%、54%的鱼粉蛋白,配制5个EAA关联度的等蛋白(40%)、等能(20MJ.kg-1)的半精制饲料,探讨饲料蛋白水平和大豆蛋白对鱼粉蛋白的替代对翘嘴红肌肉和肝胰脏蛋白质周转代谢的影响。8周饲养结果表明,饲料蛋白水平对翘嘴红的特定增重率(SGR)具有显著性影响(P<0.05),40.89%饲料蛋白组的SGR显著高于31.04%、35.51%饲料蛋白组(P<0.05),但与46.62%和50.33%饲料蛋白组没有显著性差异(P>0.05);饲料蛋白水平对白肌、肝胰脏蛋白质生长率具有相似的影响,40.89%饲料蛋白组的白肌、肝胰脏蛋白质生长率分别达到2.13%.d-1,显著高于31.04%和35.51%两组(P<0.05),但与46.62%和50.33%饲料蛋白组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。饲料蛋白水平的增加促进了翘嘴红的生长和蛋白质的合成。肌肉蛋白质合成率(Ks)、蛋白质降解率(Kd)随饲料蛋白水平的增加而增加(P<0.05),肌肉蛋白质的增加归因于蛋白质合成的增加较降解的增加更占优势,蛋白质的沉积率在适宜蛋白水平时最高。当大豆蛋白分别替代13.5%2、7.0%4、0.5%的鱼粉蛋白时,翘嘴红的SGR与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),而且都显著高于54.0%替代组(P<0.05)。白肌蛋白质生长率(Kg)也显著受到大豆蛋白替代的影响(P<0.01),当饲料中大豆蛋白对鱼粉蛋白替代量为40.5%时,与对照组相比,Kg极显著下降(P<0.01)。随着饲料中大豆蛋白对鱼粉蛋白替代量的增加,白肌Ks随之降低,当饲料中大豆蛋白对鱼粉蛋白替代量达54%时,与对照组相比,肌肉Ks显著下降(P<0.05)。白肌Kd与白肌Ks的变化趋势相似(P<0.1),而PDE没有受到饲料中大豆蛋白对鱼粉蛋白替代的影响(P>0.05)。可见随着大豆蛋白对鱼粉蛋白替代量的提高,氨基酸平衡关联度逐渐降低,蛋白质合成逐渐降低(P<0.05),生长下降,饲料必须氨基酸平衡程度的变化没有改变蛋白质的沉积效率。     

不同大豆产品替代鱼粉饲养南美白对虾的试验

分别采用脱皮豆粕、大豆蛋白、发酵豆粕等大豆产品,等氮替代饲料中10%的鱼粉(对照组鱼粉35%,替代组鱼粉25%),饲养体重为0.06 g南美白对虾(Penaeus vannam eiBoone)一个月,结果表明,对照组(35%鱼粉)幼虾的增重率、成活率均最大,为1316%、97.5%;脱皮豆粕组幼虾的增重率为最低,仅783%;哈姆雷特大豆蛋白、比多福大豆蛋白、富肽蛋白(发酵豆粕)组幼虾增重率为1033%、983%、1050%,均显著高于脱皮豆粕组(P<0.05),但低于对照组(P<0.05);对虾体肌肉成分的分析显示,各组幼虾肌肉在水分、蛋白质含量方面没有显著差异。上述结果表明,大豆蛋白和发酵豆粕均为优于脱皮豆粕的鱼粉替代品。     

三疣梭子蟹幼蟹对大豆卵磷脂的需要量

为确定三疣梭子蟹幼蟹对大豆卵磷脂(SL)最适需要量,进行了为期8周的生长实验。实验以鱼油和豆油为脂肪源,红鱼粉和豆粕为蛋白源,添加不同含量的SL(0、10、20、40、60、80 g/kg),配制成6种等氮等脂饲料。每个处理60只蟹,设3个重复,每个重复放养平均体质量为(3.68±0.02)g的三疣梭子蟹20只,养殖于长方形塑料筐中。结果发现,当SL添加量为0~40 g/kg时,增重率(WGR)、蜕壳率(MR)、蛋白质效率(PER)、特定生长率(SGR)和成活率(SR)显著升高,而WGR、FCR显著而降低;当饲料中SL添加水平为40~80g/kg时,三疣梭子蟹的WR、MR和SGR无显著性变化,而FCR显著升高,PER显著减低。饲料中适宜水平的SL可以提高三疣梭子蟹幼蟹的生长性能和饲料利用率。血清中总蛋白(TP)、甘油三酯(TG)和高密度脂蛋白(HDL)不受SL添加量的影响;当SL添加量为0~40g/kg时,血清中胆固醇(CHO)、葡萄糖(GLU)的含量显著升高,而随着SL添加量继续增加时,血清中CHO、GLU的含量无显著性变化;SL添加量为0~20 g/kg时,低密度脂蛋白(LDL)含量显著性升高,但随着SL添加量的增加,LDL含量显著性降低。饲料中添加不同含量的SL对三疣梭子蟹幼蟹中肝胰腺的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、丙二醛(MDA)及溶菌酶活性无显著性影响,但当SL添加量为0~60 g/kg时,肝胰腺中过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著升高;当SL添加水平为0~40 g/kg时,谷胱甘肽过氧化物(GPX)的含量显著性上升。饲料中添加不同的SL对三疣梭子蟹幼蟹肌肉中C20:5(EPA),C22:6(DHA),n-3PUFA和C18:2脂肪酸含量无显著性影响。但当SL添加量为0~40 g/kg时,肝胰腺中C18:2的含量极显著降低,DHA和EPA含量显著上升,而肝胰腺中n-3PUFA的含量虽然无显著性差异,但当SL的含量为40 g/kg时,n-3PUFA的含量高于其他组;随着SL添加量的继续增加,C18:2显著性升高,而n-3PUFA极显著性降低,DHA和EPA含量显著降低。研究表明,当大豆卵磷脂添加量在一定范围内可以提高三疣梭子蟹肝胰腺中不饱和脂肪酸的含量,特别是n-3PUFA、DHA和EPA。以SGR为指标,通过折线模型得出三疣梭子蟹幼蟹饲料中大豆卵磷脂的适宜需要量为41.96 g/kg。     

复合诱食剂对牙鲆摄食生长的影响

以初始体质量为(3.01±0.04)g的牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)为实验对象,进行为期70 d的摄食生长实验。共配制5种等氮等能饲料,其中以鱼粉和豆粕为蛋白源(豆粕蛋白替代45%的鱼粉蛋白)配制出基础饲料,分别在基础饲料中添加0.0%、0.5%、1.0%和1.5%的复合诱食剂配制成4种豆粕取代饲料,同时以全鱼粉饲料为对照饲料,研究复合诱食剂对牙鲆摄食生长的影响。结果表明,当豆粕取代饲料中诱食剂添加量为1.0%时,牙鲆的摄食率(P<0.05)、饲料效率(P<0.05)、鱼体脂肪含量(P<0.01)以及肝脏、肠胰蛋白酶活力和肠氨肽酶活力(P<0.01)显著高于不添加诱食剂组;当豆粕取代饲料中诱食剂的添加量为0.0%和0.5%时,牙鲆的特定生长率显著低于全鱼粉组(P<0.05);而当添加量为1.0%和1.5%时,牙鲆的特定生长率与全鱼粉组比较没有出现显著差异(P>0.05)。结论认为,当以豆粕蛋白替代45%的鱼粉蛋白时,添加1.0%的复合诱食剂能够显著提高牙鲆幼鱼对饲料的摄食率和生长率。     

新型蛋白源替代鱼粉对星斑川鲽幼鱼生长、体成分和血液学指标的影响

以新型蛋白源（大豆浓缩蛋白、脱酚棉籽蛋白、喷雾干燥血球蛋白粉等）和脱脂鱼粉为原料，通过调节饲料氨基酸水平，配制出5种等氮等能的饲料D0、D17、D35、D52和D69，养殖星斑川鲽，初始体重为（75.6±0.18） g。其中D0（添加58%脱脂鱼粉）为对照组，D17、D35、D52和D69分别为新型蛋白源替代配方中17%、35%、52%和69%的鱼粉用量。每组饲料设3个平行，共养殖60 d。结果表明：对照组(D0)增重率(WGR)、蛋白质效率(PER)、特定生长率(SGR)分别为141.84%、229.88%和1.47%/d。与D0组相比，D69组WGR、PER和SGR显著降低（P<0.05），分别为107.77%、186.37%和1.22%/d ，D17、D35和D52组与D0组均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。对照组(D0)饲料系数(FCR)为0.80，D69组FCR为0.98，差异显著(P<0.05)；D17、D35和D52组与D0组FCR无显著差异(P>0.05)。随新型蛋白源替代鱼粉量的增加，鱼体消化道指数(DTI)逐渐增大，D0组为2.01%，显著小于D69组(P<0.05)。各组间的肥满度(CF)无显著性差异(P>0.05)。全鱼或肌肉中蛋白质和脂肪含量各组间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。全鱼中灰分含量随鱼粉替代量的增加呈增大趋势；红细胞数目、白细胞数目、血红蛋白含量及血清蛋白含量在各组间无显著差异(P>0.05)，但血细胞比容和溶菌酶活力随新型蛋白源替代鱼粉量的增加呈不同程度的降低。本试验条件下，在星斑川鲽幼鱼配合饲料生产中可用新型蛋白源适当替代鱼粉而不影响养殖对象的生长。     

蝇蛆粉替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长的影响

为探讨凡纳滨对虾饲料中用蝇蛆粉替代鱼粉的可行性及适宜的添加比例,研究了蝇蛆粉替代饲料中部分鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长、成活和饵料系数的影响。饲喂试验共持续了65 d。结果显示:当蝇蛆粉替代鱼粉添加量为7%时,试验中期(32 d)和末期对虾增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)均显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。在低于7%添加范围内,随着蝇蛆粉添加水平的增加对虾WGR和SGR逐渐提高,超过7%后,对虾WGR和SGR逐渐下降。试验中期和末期,17%添加组饵料系数均显著高于其余各组(P<0.05),7%添加组饵料系数略高于对照组但差异不显著。无论是中期还是末期,蝇蛆粉替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾的成活率未产生显著影响(P>0.05)。在凡纳滨对虾饲料中添加7%的蝇蛆粉替代鱼粉可促进对虾生长,利用蝇蛆粉替代对虾饲料中的部分鱼粉是可行的。     

5种海藻在刺参幼参饲料中的应用研究

本研究通过分析刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)幼参[(10.02±0.03) g]生长性能、体组成、肠道消化酶活性及非特异性免疫性能的变化,评价鼠尾藻(Sargassum thunbergii)、铜藻(Sargassaum horneri)、海带(Saccharina japonica)、海带渣、石莼(Ulva lactuca L.)及混合藻粉在刺参幼参养殖中的应用效果,在室内循环水系统中进行了为期56 d的养殖实验。结果显示,1) 鼠尾藻和混合藻粉组刺参的增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)极显著高于其他各藻粉组(P<0.01),海带渣组刺参的WGR和SGR最低,肠体比(IBR)和脏体比(VBR)均显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),藻粉对刺参存活率(SR)影响不显著(P>0.05);2) 不同藻粉对刺参体壁水分、粗灰分、粗蛋白和粗脂肪影响不显著(P>0.05);3) 鼠尾藻和混合藻粉组肠道胰蛋白酶活性极显著高于海带、海带渣和石莼组,海带渣组最低(P<0.01);藻粉对α-淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性无显著影响(P>0.05),但对刺参粪便的酸不溶性灰分具有极显著影响(P<0.01);4) 鼠尾藻组和混合藻粉组刺参肠道超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01),海带渣组丙二醛(MDA)含量极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01)。研究表明,在本实验条件下,综合考虑刺参的生长性能及非特异性免疫性能,添加任一海藻均未达到替代鼠尾藻的饲喂效果,但多种海藻混合添加,其生长性能及非特异性免疫性能与单独添加鼠尾藻效果一致。     

仿刺参配合饲料中蛋白源及脂肪源的替代研究

为降低仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)饲料成本,寻找鱼粉、鱼油的有效替代蛋白源、脂肪源,用发酵豆粕和扇贝裙边粉替代饲料中的鱼粉;用扇贝裙边油替代饲料中的鱼油,制作实验饲料投喂仿刺参。实验随机选取大小均匀,体色相近、健康无病的仿刺参幼参进行实验。共设置2个处理组,即商业饲料组(D1)和实验饲料组(D2),每组设3个重复。饲养56 d后测定各组仿刺参的生长指标及体壁营养指标。结果表明:实验饲料组仿刺参的存活率、增重率均显著高于商业饲料组(P<0.05),组间仿刺参的特定生长率、饲料系数无显著差异,组间仿刺参的水分、粗蛋白、粗灰分、粗脂肪等组分无显著差异。因此用发酵豆粕、扇贝裙边粉替代鱼粉,并用扇贝裙边油替代鱼油是可行的,且效果优于市面所售的优质仿刺参配合饲料。     

中草药添加剂银翘散和止泻散在养猪业中的应用研究

选择生产性能与胎次接近的临产母猪60头,随机分为2组,选择出生日期、断奶重、体型相近的断奶仔猪60头,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组30头。哺乳母猪在产前7d和产后8d、保育仔猪在断奶换料后30d、添加0.1%的银翘散和0.1%的止泻散,育成猪在转栏后30d,添加0.1%的银翘散,进行饲喂效果比较。结果表明,试验给与对照组21日龄断奶窝重差异极显著(P<0.01);窝日增重差异极显著(P<0.01);断奶个体重每头提高280g,差异极显著(P<0.01);平均断奶窝头数差异极显著(P<0.01);平均保育日增重每头提高14g差异显著(P<0.05);保育肉料比试验组为1∶1.51,比对照组减少0.08;育成结束重(81日龄个体重)差异极显著(P<0.01);平均育成日增重每头提高9g差异显著(P<0.05);育成肉料比试验组为1∶1.71,比对照组减少0.12。试验组的猪瘟、高致病性蓝耳病、伪狂犬、口蹄疫的免疫抗体合格率高于对照组;同时减少了哺乳期、保育期的发病率(P<0.05),降低了哺乳期的死亡率(P<0.01);节约了药费哺乳期每头2.33元(P<0.01),保育期2.27元(P<0.05),育成期2.12元。     

Assessment of reference dietary amino acid pattern for juvenile red sea bream, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pagrus major</Emphasis>

Four semi-purified diets, containing crystalline amino acids (CAAs), were fed to juvenile red sea bream, Pagrus major in order to ascertain the ideal dietary amino acid pattern for this species. A control diet containing 50% casein–gelatin as protein sources, but no CAAs were fed to the fish. The other diets contained 30% casein–gelatin and 20% CAAs. CAAs were added to diets to simulate with amino acid pattern of the red sea bream eggs protein (REP), red sea bream larvae whole body protein (RLP), red sea bream juvenile whole body protein (RJP), and brown fishmeal protein (BFP). The juveniles (average initial body weight, 1.58 ± 0.01 g) were maintained in triplicate tanks and fed twice daily for 30 days. The highest weight gain was observed in juveniles fed the RJP diet. No significant difference was observed in juveniles fed the RLP and BFP diet. Feed efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio and amino acid retention in the whole body were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by the simulated dietary amino acid patterns. The essential amino acid profile and A/E ratios of the whole body after the growth trial showed little difference among the dietary treatments. The results suggest that red sea bream juveniles are able to utilize high amounts of CAA in coated form. The amino acid pattern of RJP could be used as an appropriate of reference dietary amino acid for this species.     

Replacement of fishmeal with commercial soybean meal and EnzoMeal in juvenile barramundi Lates calcarifer

This study investigates the impact of fishmeal replacement by soybean meal (SM) and improved SM known as EnzoMeal (EZ) on fish growth performance. The SM and EZ were used in five experimental diets: fishmeal (600 g/kg) as the control diet, 50% fishmeal replaced with soybean meal (SM50), 50% fishmeal replaced with EnzoMeal (EZ50), 100% fishmeal replaced with soybean meal (SM100) and 100% fishmeal replaced with EnzoMeal (EZ100). Fish in the control group gained the most weight, followed by those under the SM50 and EZ50 diets, while the least weight gain was observed in fish fed the SM100 and EZ100 diets. The specific growth rate (SGR) was higher in the control, but was not different between fish fed SM50 and EZ50, or between SM100 and EZ100. The highest feed intake occurred in the control but decreased sequentially from fish fed SM50 to fish fed EZ50, EZ100 and SM100. Protein digestibility was best in SM50, poorest in EZ100, but no difference between the control, EZ50 and SM100 diets. This study indicates that EnzoMeal, containing high crude protein (56%), is a potential source of plant meal to replace fishmeal in the barramundi diet, but low feed intake is a challenge when EnzoMeal is >300 g/kg.     

蛋氨酸硒含量对食用仿刺参生长和体壁营养成分的影响

在水温10.2~12.4℃、p H 7.8~8.0、盐度24~28条件下,将平均体质量为(45±5)g的仿刺参Apostichopus japonicus饲养在室内养殖池的网箱中,投喂蛋氨酸硒添加量分别为0mg/kg、0.2mg/kg、0.4mg/kg、0.6mg/kg、0.8mg/kg和1.0mg/kg的6组饲料。饲养60d后,测定仿刺参的特定生长率(SGR)和体壁中常规营养成分含量。结果表明:当蛋氨酸硒添加量为1.0mg/kg饲料时,仿刺参的特定生长率、粗蛋白、粗灰分含量最大,较对照组分别高155.56%、5.65%和2.9%(P0.05),而仿粗脂肪含量最低,较对照组低10.61%(P0.05)。     

海星棘皮投喂仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus Selenka)的效果

在饲料中添加海星棘皮,与两组商品饲料分别投喂体重为5.0–6.7 g的仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus Selenka),进行60 d养殖试验,研究其对仿刺参平均增重率(AWGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料系数(FCR)、摄食率(FR)和蛋白表观消化率(APD)的影响。结果显示,各组仿刺参生长良好,成活率无显著差异(P>0.05);60 d时,各组仿刺参的AWGR和SGR变化趋势相同,由高到低依次为市售2组、海星组、市售1组;海星饲料组仿刺参的FCR最低,与其他两组间差异不显著(P>0.05);海星饲料组与市售1组的FR间差异不显著(P>0.05),与市售2组FR间有显著差异(P<0.05);海星饲料组仿刺参的饲料转化率(FE)明显高于其他两组(P<0.05);海星饲料组仿刺参的APD最高,为67.28%,与市售1组的APD差异显著(P<0.05)。研究表明,添加海星棘皮可以较好地促进仿刺参的生长和提高饲料的利用,可添加到仿刺参幼参饲料中用作饲料源。     

饲料中添加甘薯(Ipomoea batatas)块根与茎蔓对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)生长和非特异性免疫力的影响

在刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)配合饲料中添加不同比例(10％、20％、30％、40％、50％、60％)的甘薯块根粉与甘薯茎蔓粉,测定了添加2种甘薯饲料成分对刺参生长和非特异性免疫力的影响.结果显示,在50 d实验期间,投喂添加甘薯块根粉饲料的实验组刺参平均体重随实验时间呈上升趋势,实验结束时,添加20％甘薯块根粉组终末体重显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),10％、30％组特定生长率(SGR)与对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05);投喂添加10％甘薯茎蔓粉的实验组刺参SGR与对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05),其余各组SGR均低于对照组(P＜0.05).投喂添加10％、20％甘薯块根粉饲料的实验组刺参体腔液中过氧化氢酶(CAT)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);投喂添加10％甘薯茎蔓粉饲料的实验组ACP显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),刺参体腔液中的溶菌酶(LZM)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、CAT和AKP与对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05).研究表明,当甘薯块根与茎蔓的添加比例分别在30％和20％以下时,可满足刺参的营养需求,促进或保证刺参的生长,提高刺参免疫能力.     

Effect of replacing dietary fish meal with silkworm (Bombyx mori L) caterpillar meal on growth and non‐specific immunity of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka)

The effect of dietary substitution of silkworm (Bombyx mori L) meal (SM) for fishmeal (FM) on the growth performance and non‐specific immunity of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) (initial weight: 12.8 ± 0.16 g) was determined. Four isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated: Diet 1, which served as the control diet, contained 5% FM; Diet 2 contained 3.75% FM and 1.25% SM; Diet 3 contained 2.5% FM and 2.5% SM; and Diet 4 contained 5% SM. Other ingredients in each of the four diets were kept in the same proportion. After 8 weeks of feeding, the results showed that sea cucumbers fed Diet 2 had 18.7% increases in weight over those fed the control diet, but no significant difference was observed. No obvious difference in body wall composition was detected among the sea cucumbers fed the four different diets. Immunity analysis indicated that phagocytosis and serum alkaline phosphatase activity were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected when FM was partially or completely replaced with SM. Serum lysozyme activity of sea cucumbers fed Diet 4 showed a significant (P < 0.05) growth increase compared with those fed control diet. The results revealed that SM could be an effective substitute for FM in sea cucumber diet.     

Effects of different dietary amino acid patterns on growth performance and body composition of juvenile giant croaker Nibea japonica

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary amino acid patterns on growth performance, feed utilization and body composition of juvenile Nibea japonica. Four semi‐purified diets were formulated to simulate the dietary amino acid profiles of juvenile giant croaker whole body protein (GCP), Peru fishmeal protein (PFP), red sea bream eggs protein (REP) and soybean meal protein (SMP) by supplementing with pre‐coated crystalline amino acids (CAA). A control diet contained only intact protein sources provided by the fishmeal and casein (2:1). Each experimental diet was fed to satiated triplicate groups of juveniles (10.73 ± 0.07 g) twice a day for 8 weeks. The highest weight gain (WG) was observed in the juveniles fed the control diet, whereas no significant differences were found between the juveniles fed the GCP and control diets. Fish fed the control, GCP, PFP and SMP diets did not exhibit any significant difference in protein efficiency ratio (PER), feed conversion (FCR) or nitrogen (N) retention. The results of this study suggest that the amino acid (AA) patterns of juvenile whole body protein could be used as a guideline in the formulation of dry diets, which also confirms that the juvenile giant croaker is able to utilize high amounts (20%) of CAA in coated form for growth.     

Replacement of Fishmeal with a Blend of Poultry Byproduct Meal and Soybean Meal in Diets for Largemouth Bass,Micropterus salmoides

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potential of replacing fishmeal with poultry byproduct meal (PBM) and soybean meal in diets for largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides. A reference diet (C) contained 400 g/kg fishmeal, and 40 or 60% of the fishmeal was replaced with a blend of pet‐food‐grade PBM and soybean meal (diets PP1 and PP2) or a blend of feed‐grade PBM and soybean meal (diets PF1 and PF2). No significant differences were found in weight gain, nitrogen retention efficiency (NRE), condition factor, and body composition among fish fed diets PP1, PP2, PF1, and PF2. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were higher in fish fed diet PF1 than in fish fed diet PP1. No significant differences were found in weight gain, NRE, condition factor, and body composition between fish fed diet C and diets PP1, PP2, PF1, and PF2. The feed intake and FCR were lower in fish fed diet C than in fish fed diets PP2, PF1, and PF2. This study reveals that dietary fishmeal level for largemouth bass could be reduced to 160 g/kg by inclusion of PBM and soybean meal in combination.     

The Effect of Partial Replacement of Dietary Fishmeal with Fermented Prawn Waste Liquor on Juvenile Sea Bass Growth

A feeding trial was conducted for 49 days to evaluate the effect of partially substituting fishmeal with fermented prawn waste liquor (FPWL) in juvenile sea bass diets at 10%, 20%, and 30% of the total diet. Growth performance of sea bass from 16 g up to 40 g fed with FPWL-supplemented diet was not significantly different from the all fishmeal control diet. The most cost-effective diet included FPWL at 30%, with weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and protein efficiency ratio of 180%, 1.78%, and 1.2% respectively.     

仿刺参体壁硒含量衰减与硒化合物的关系

在水温13℃、盐度27、pH 8.1的条件下,将初始体质量为(54.97±9.49)g的仿刺参成参和(2.28±0.26)g的幼参饲养在水槽中,分别投喂在基础饲料中添加0.3mg/kg硒代蛋氨酸、硒酸钠、亚硒酸钠的试验饲料,以未添加硒的基础饲料作为对照组,每个试验组设3个重复。60d后,成参组继续投喂基础饲料60d,幼参组45d,中间每隔5d测定一次硒含量。试验结果表明,成参组中,体壁硒含量衰减速度依次为硒酸钠组亚硒酸钠组硒代蛋氨酸组;幼参组中,体壁硒含量衰减速度依次为亚硒酸钠组硒酸钠组硒代蛋氨酸组。研究表明,富硒成参生产过程中最佳硒添加剂为硒代蛋氨酸。