Serotonin induces ovarian maturation in giant freshwater prawn broodstock, Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man

This study investigated the effects of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5HT) on ovarian development in Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man. Adult female prawns at the ovarian stage I (spent) were injected with 5HT at 1, 5, 10, 20 and 50 μg g^− 1 body weight (BW) intramuscularly on days 0, 5 and 10, and sacrificed on day 15. The doses as related to the effect could be categorized into three levels: low (1 and 5 μg g^− 1 BW of 5HT), medium (10 and 20 μg g^− 1 BW of 5HT) and high (50 μg g^− 1 BW of 5HT). The low-dose, especially at 1 μg g^− 1 BW, caused prawns to exhibit a significant increase in ovarian index (ovarian weight/body weight × 100) (5.79 ± 0.09%) as compared to the control (1.49%). The ovaries of most of these prawns could develop to stage IV (mature) and contained synchronously mature oocytes while most of the control ovaries remained at stage I and II (proliferative), and contained only oogonia to previtellogenic (Oc1, Oc2) and early vitellogenic oocytes (Oc3). The medium- and high-dose treated prawns exhibited ovaries that could reach stages III and IV and contained various types of oocytes of different maturity. Pretreatment with 5HT receptor antagonist, cyproheptadine (CYP), at 10 μg g^− 1 BW before 5HT injection significantly suppressed the effect of 5HT. Intramuscular injection of the 5HT-primed thoracic ganglion culture medium into CYP-pretreated prawns resulted in the increase of ovarian index about 5–6 times more than in the control, and in the groups injected with 5HT-primed media from muscle strip, eyestalk and brain. The ovaries of most prawn could develop up to stage IV and contained synchronously developed vitellogenic (Oc4) and mature oocytes (Oc5). These findings suggest that 5HT indirectly induces ovarian development and oocytes maturation in M. rosenbergii, probably via a putative ovarian stimulating factor released from the thoracic ganglia.     

Ovarian re‐maturation following the first spawning in the Chinese mitten crab,Eriocheir sinensis (H. Milne‐Edwards)

The present study investigated the external and histological changes in the ovary and measured the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) during the re‐maturation of the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. The results show that the ovarian re‐maturation cycle of this crab species can be divided into four stages, i.e. Stage I: the ovary had an X shape and appeared milky white or with a mottled buff colour, and the dominant gametocyte at the stage were oogonia (OG, 28.3%) and previtellogenic oocytes (PR, 31.6%); Stage II: the ovary appeared light yellow or tan in colour, dominated by endogenous vitellogeic oocytes (EN, 69.3%). The yolk globules of unreleased mature oocytes (MO) from the previous spawn were absorbed, leaving many vacuoles in the retrogressing MO; Stage III: the ovary appeared crimson red or deep purple, and although the main type of gametocyte was exogenous vitellogenic oocytes (EX), near‐mature oocytes (NO) could also be found in the late phase of the ovarian development stage; Stage IV: the ovary was ripe and filled with MO that contained large yolk globules. During the period of the second ovarian maturation cycle, the GSI increased significantly from the time just after the first spawning (P<0.01). However, although HSI appeared to decrease within days after spawning (DAS), no significant correlation was found between GSI and HSI or between HSI and DAS (P>0.05). Furthermore, the final GSI and the volume of MO of E. sinensis during the second maturation cycle were drastically lower than those of the first maturation cycle.     

Serotonin stimulates ovarian maturation and spawning in the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT) has been reported to induce ovarian maturation and spawning in the crayfish Procambarus clarkii and white Pacific shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. The aim of this study was to explore the role of exogenous 5HT on the reproductive performance of the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. 5HT solution was injected into domesticated P. monodon broodstock at 50 μg/g body weight and ovarian maturation and spawning were recorded. The presence of 5HT in the ovary and oviduct of P. monodon was also studied by immunohistochemistry and its levels in the ovary by enzyme link immunoabsorbance assay (ELISA). The 5HT-injected P. monodon developed ovarian maturation and spawning rate at the level comparable to that of unilateral eyestalk-ablated shrimp. Hatching rate and the amount of nauplii produced per spawner were also significantly higher in the 5HT-injected shrimp, compared to the eyestalk-ablated shrimp. 5HT-positive reactions were found in the follicular cells of pre-vitellogenic oocytes, in the cytoplasm of early vitellogenic oocytes and on the cell membrane and cytoplasm of late vitellogenic oocytes. 5HT in the ovary was present at 3.53 ± 0.26 ng/mg protein level in previtellogenic stage and increased to 17.03 ± 0.57 ng/mg protein level in the mature stage of the ovary. The results suggest a significant role of 5HT, possibly directly on the ovary and oviduct, on the reproductive function of female P. monodon.     

Development of hemolymph prostaglandins assay systems and their concentration variations during ovarian maturation in the kuruma prawn, Penaeus japonicus

Hemolymph prostaglandin (PGF₂ and PGE₂) measurement systems for the kuruma prawn Penaeus japonicus were developed and validated. In these systems, both PGF₂ and PGE₂ in hemolymph obtained from a single prawn were measured. PGs were extracted through reverse-phase C18 cartridge column, separated for isomers of each PG by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and quantified with a radioimmunoassay (RIA). Detectable range was 6.5–200 and 26–400 pg/tube for the PGF₂ and PGE₂ assays, respectively. Serial dilution of extracted and separated hemolymph PGs (RIA sample) produced a curve parallel to the standard curves in both assays. These assays were able to measure PGs in the RIA samples spiked with the authentic standard. Overall, results indicate that the presently established assay systems can accurately measure hemolymph PGs in female kuruma prawns.

When hemolymph PGF₂ and PGE₂ levels were determined and plotted against the gonado-somatic index (GSI), no correlation was found in either PGs. In terms of ovarian developmental stages, however, the concentration of PGF₂ significantly increased from 66.7 pg/ml at stage I (previtellogenic stage) to 303 pg/ml at stage II (primary vitellogenic stage) and decreased gradually thereafter. The concentration of PGE₂ also increased markedly (4037.7 pg/ml) at stage II and decreased at stage III (secondary vitellogenesis stage). These results indicate that PGs vary in concentration during ovarian development in kuruma prawns.     

实时荧光定量PCR检测凡纳滨对虾和罗氏沼虾卵黄蛋白原mRNA在卵巢和肝胰腺中的表达

卵黄磷蛋白作为卵黄蛋白的主要成分, 可为甲壳动物胚胎和早期幼体发育提供能量, 为研究其来源及合成规律, 实验应用SYBR GreenⅠ荧光定量PCR法检测了凡纳滨对虾和罗氏沼虾性腺不同发育时期卵巢和肝胰腺两种组织中卵黄蛋白原mRNA的表达水平。结果发现,凡纳滨对虾和罗氏沼虾的卵巢和肝胰腺中都有卵黄蛋白原mRNA的表达。随着卵巢的发育, 凡纳滨对虾卵巢中卵黄蛋白原mRNA的相对表达量在前5个阶段不断增加, 分别为1.1, 5.9, 10.4, 26.9, 85.0, 恢复期急剧减少, 为1.6。肝胰腺中的相对表达量也不断增加, 分别为1.3, 3.3, 7.1, 37.3, 51.6, 恢复期急剧减少, 为1.0。罗氏沼虾肝胰腺中卵黄蛋白原mRNA的相对表达量在前四个阶段不断增加, 分别为3.4, 12.6, 15.2, 38.9, 抱卵期急剧减少, 为2.9;而卵巢在整个发育过程中对卵黄蛋白原合成的贡献比较小, 分别为1.0, 1.3, 1.7, 4.8, 1.5。研究表明, 两种虾类的肝胰腺和卵巢均具合成卵黄蛋白的功能, 而且在不同的卵巢发育阶段呈现明显的规律性。     

Ovarian maturation stages of the mud crab Scylla serrata

Ovarian maturation in adult wild‐sourced and pond‐grown Scylla serrata (Forsskål) was determined based on gross morphology and histological appearance. There were no significant differences noted in the histological features of both wild and pond‐reared S. serrata females. Ovarian maturation was classified into five stages: immature, early maturing, late maturing, fully mature and spent. The immature ovaries are thin and translucent to off white and contain oogonia, primary oocytes with large nuclei. The follicle cells were found around the periphery of the lobes and an area among groups of oogonia and oocytes. The follicle cells gradually enclosed the oocytes. The early‐maturing ovaries were yellow and small yolk globules started to appear in larger oocytes. In late‐maturing ovaries, the colour became light orange and lobules were apparent. Yolk globules occurred in the cytoplasm with larger globular inclusions towards the periphery, while follicle cells were hardly recognizable. Fully mature ovaries were orange to deep orange and had swollen lobules. Large yolk globules were apparent in the entire cytoplasm. Follicle cells were hardly seen. Spent ovaries were similar to the early‐maturing and late‐maturing stage in partially spawned females. The ovarian development was correlated closely to the gonadosomatic index, oocyte diameter, and ovarian histology. The classification of ovarian maturation provides baseline information for further studies on reproductive biology. Likewise, the information provides a guide for broodstock management in the hatchery.     

池养鲻的卵巢发育和卵子发生过程

通过卵巢切片的组织学分析揭示，幼鲻在土池养殖3个月后可见线状卵巢，大约5个月后卵原细胞进入第一次成熟分裂前期的双线期转变为早期初级卵母细胞。接着卵母细胞生发泡(核)和胞质体积增加，核质比从3．5：1减少至2：1。此后卵巢中卵母细胞停滞发育持续至养殖的第3年。在第3年卵巢切片看出卵母细胞进入脂肪泡时相，在第3年秋季进入卵黄发生时相。但在人工养殖条件下卵母细胞仅能发育到卵黄发生后期，即卵母细胞胞质充满卵黄颗粒，生发泡居中而不移位。这些结果对于用人工养殖鲻为亲鱼开展人工繁殖提供重要的科学依据。并讨论了卵子发生6个时相的生物学特点及其重要的细胞器在卵黄发生中可能的生理作用。     

养殖金乌贼卵子发生和卵巢发育的组织学观察

为了深入了解金乌贼(Sepia esculenta Hoyle)的生殖生理特性,本研究采用解剖学方法及组织切片技术,观察和描述了金乌贼卵巢形态和卵子各个时相结构特征及其变化规律。研究结果表明,金乌贼卵子发生过程的主要特征表现为,卵子成熟之前滤泡细胞一直存在且伴随着其结构变化,滤泡细胞解体与卵黄物质出现同步发生,卵黄物质从无到有再到大量积累直至充满整个卵母细胞,细胞核则随着滤泡细胞内折逐渐发生偏移直至最后消失。研究还发现金乌贼卵巢内卵子发生不同步且形态差异显著,未成熟的卵子粘连在卵巢基质上,依次环布于卵巢基质周围,越靠近中心,卵母细胞发育程度越低;成熟后的卵子游离在卵巢腔中,经过输卵管排出体外。根据卵巢内卵子的大小和形态、滤泡细胞形态及卵黄形成情况,将金乌贼卵子发生分为增殖期(卵原细胞期)、小生长期(无滤泡期,单层滤泡期,双层滤泡期)、大生长期(滤泡内折期,卵黄形成早期,卵黄形成晚期)、成熟期、退化吸收期共5个时期9个时相。卵巢发育分期则是以卵子时相为基础,根据卵巢的外观形态、性腺系数以及切面上优势卵子的时相,把卵巢分为Ⅰ~Ⅵ共6个时期。金乌贼卵巢发育和卵子发生的动态观察与描述,对丰富头足类繁殖生物学理论及提升人工繁殖技术都具有重要意义。     

Histological examination of final oocyte maturation and atresia in wild and domesticated Penaeus monodon (Fabricius) broodstock

Oocyte maturation and gonadosomatic index (GSI) of eyestalk ablated Penaeus monodon females collected from the wild and from two first‐generation domesticated lines were assessed. Frequency and diameter of the different oocytes, and the intensity of oocyte atresia, were compared among groups through histological assessments of the sections of the middle ovarian lobe. Digitized images from ovary sections were used to record the frequency and diameter of different oocyte types. Spawning performance of the three groups were expressed in terms of the percentage of females that spawned at least once (productive females), time from eyestalk ablation to first spawning (latency period) and the number of spawnings per female stocked. Final ovarian maturation was attained in all groups, as indicated by the presence of mature oocytes with cortical rods (cortical oocytes), dark‐green ovarian colour and high GSI values (5.83–6.86%). However, domesticated groups presented significant larger immature oocyte types (previtellogenic and yolky oocytes) and smaller cortical oocytes compared with wild females, indicating a reduced vitellogenic activity during final oocyte maturation. Additionally, the frequency of atresia was comparatively higher for both domesticated groups, which could be related to their inferior spawning performance. The implications of these results on the reproductive potential and development of domesticated P. monodon are discussed.     

Ovarian histology of stunted pond-reared Macrobrachium rosenbergii females

The present study describes the ovarian histology of stunted freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The ovarian maturation of stunted animals was examined and compared with similar‐aged normal females. Ten animals of the stunted group and each maturation stage of the normal group were sampled from the same pond and had their ovaries removed for histological analysis. Body weight, body length, ovarian weight and gonadosomatic index (GSI) were recorded for each female. The diameters of the different oocyte types were compared among groups through histological assessments. The ovarian histology of stunted M. rosenbergii females indicated that although the somatic growth is severely affected (7.6 g), some energy has been placed on the vitellogensis. Stunted females showed the simultaneous occurrence of previtellogenic, vitellogenic and mature oocytes in their ovarian tissue, but overall oocyte diameter and GSI (1.02%) were significantly affected when compared with normal females.     

凡纳滨对虾卵子发生的超微结构

利用透射电镜研究凡纳滨对虾卵子发生过程中细胞内部结构的变化。结果显示，卵原细胞结构简单，代谢水平低，核孔稀少，通过核周池来完成核、质之间的物质交换。卵黄发生前晚期和卵黄发生初期的卵母细胞变化显著：核膜凹凸不平，核仁数量多，核孔密集，大量核仁外排物经核孔输送到卵质中；卵质中胞器极为丰富和发达，代谢活性极强。卵黄发生旺盛期是卵黄大量形成的阶段，卵质边缘还呈辐射状排列了一圈椭圆形皮质棒，细胞出现微吞饮活动并形成卵黄膜。卵黄发生晚期卵质中充满了粗大的卵黄粒和脂滴，胞器锐减。另外，探讨了卵细胞内部结构的变化和卯黄形成的关系以及皮质棒的来源与功能。     

Quantitative analysis of pattern of gonial proliferation during sexual maturation in Japanese scallop <Emphasis Type="Italic">Patinopecten yessoensis</Emphasis>

ABSTRACT:   This study was undertaken to describe and quantitatively analyze the pattern of development of gametes in the Japanese scallop Patinopecten yessoensis . Incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) into gonial cells was used to quantitatively detect mitotically active gonial cells. Oogonia increased in number from November to December and decreased rapidly to March. A small number of oocytes was detected in November. Oocytes steadily increased in number and size up to March. The number of spermatogonia slightly increased from November to December, and increased markedly from January to March. Both ratios of BrdU-immunopositive gonial cells in the ovary and testis to gonial cells moderately increased from September to December. The ratio of BrdU-immunopositive spermatogonia to gonial cells drastically increased from January to February and kept an elevated level in March, whereas the oogonia started to disappear in January. The results suggest that the pattern of proliferation of gonial cells can be divided into two phases: (i) phase I, oogonia and spermatogonia slowly proliferate through the growing stage; and (ii) phase II, oogonia develop into oocytes and spermatogonia begin to proliferate rapidly through the mature and spawning stages. The proliferation of gonial cells is likely under different endocrine controls in phases I and II.     

Ovarian maturation of wild Farfantepenaeus paulensis in relation to histological and visual changes

The present study describes the ovarian development stages of wild Farfantepenaeus paulensis (Pérez‐Farfante) through the combined observation of histological and visual characteristics. Twenty‐five females (61.8±2.4 g) were captured in 35–40‐m deep waters off southern Brazil (27°S). The females were grouped according to the size and shape of their ovary and then killed. The colour of the fresh ovary was compared with a chromatic scale catalogue. Analysis of the histological sections of each ovary determined the morphological characteristics, size and frequency of the different oocyte types. Based on these characteristics, four distinct stages of ovarian maturation are proposed: stage I (immature), characterized by the presence of small basophilic oocytes (52.1±19.9 μm) and ovary colour ranging from translucent to creamy; stage II (developing), with yolky oocytes (YOs) (144.2±26.1 μm) and a light green colour; stage III (mature), presenting large YOs but with cortical rods (235.0±30.2 μm) and an olive‐brown colour; and stage IV (spent), with atretic oocytes and the same ovary colour pattern as stage I. The gonadosomatic index ranged from 1.6 (stage IV) to 13.7% (stage III) and was closely related to the different ovarian maturation stages. The observation of visual features coupled with histological characteristics was found to represent a reliable procedure to evaluate the ovarian maturation of F. paulensis.     

Swimming stimulates oocyte development in European eel

In this study, we subjected eels from Lake Balaton (Hungary) to a swimming period of 1 week and 2 or 6 weeks. Most eels were silver and were 13–21 years old. Time dependent changes in morphometrical parameters and developmental characteristics of the oocytes were determined. Already after 1 week of swimming, the gonadal mass increased and oocytes became larger, filled with large numbers of lipid droplets. After 2 and 6 weeks of swimming we found in addition a significant enlargement of the eyes, which is a sign of sexual maturation. In contrast to the resting eels, that had oocytes in the primary growth phase (stage 1–2); the swimming eels had oocytes in stage 3; the cortical alveolus or lipid droplet stage. The results indicate that lipid mobilisation induced by swimming is a requirement for the natural incorporation of lipid droplets in the oocytes, a crucial step in oocyte maturation. As the Balaton eels responded stronger to swimming than young farmed eels, it is suggested that older eels are more sensitive for maturation triggers.     

孔雀鱼雌性生殖器官组织结构及卵子发生的研究

应用光镜技术研究了孔雀鱼（Poecilia reticulata）雌性生殖器官组织结构和卵子发生的特点,以期为孔雀鱼的良种繁育工作提供基础资料。结果表明,孔雀鱼雌性生殖器官由卵巢、卵子输送管和泄殖孔构成。卵子发生过程经历了6个时相：第Ⅰ时相主要为卵原细胞;第Ⅱ时相是处于小生长期的初级卵母细胞,形成生长环、卵黄核和单层扁平滤泡细胞膜;第Ⅲ时相是进入大生长期的初级卵母细胞,卵黄开始积累,形成2层滤泡细胞膜和2层卵包膜;第Ⅳ时相为发育晚期的初级卵母细胞,细胞发生了极化,卵包膜发育完善;第Ⅴ时相发育成熟,卵黄颗粒凝结呈块状,卵黄泡主要分布于细胞膜内缘,滤泡细胞膜萎缩;第Ⅵ时相是闭锁卵泡,被滤泡细胞消化和吸收转变为卵巢内结缔组织。     

Stress-induced inhibition of recruitment of ovarian follicles for vitellogenic growth and interruption of spawning cycle in the fish Oreochromis mossambicus

The tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, shows a short ovarian cycle of 24-26?days in nonmouthbrooding condition. In this study, the stripped female O. mossambicus were exposed to repeated mild acute stressors such as handling, chasing, frequent netting and low water levels daily for a period of 26?days. The follicular dynamics did not show significant difference during previtellogenic phase (day 12), whereas the mean number of stage IV (vitellogenic) follicles remained significantly lower compared with controls at the end of vitellogenic phase (day 18). The stage V (vitellogenic, preovulatory) follicles were completely absent in contrast to their presence in controls prior to spawning (day 23). The control fish spawned spontaneously after 24?days and entered mouthbrooding phase, whereas those exposed to stressors did not spawn. Furthermore, the serum levels of estradiol (E(2)) remained significantly lower concomitant with a significant increase in the serum cortisol concentration during vitellogenic and prespawning phase compared with those of the controls. The LH cells in the PPD of the pituitary gland showed weak immunoreactivity through vitellogenic and prespawning phase in fish exposed to stressors indicating the diminished secretory activity in contrast to the intensely stained ir-material in controls. The study reveals the disruptive effects of aquacultural stressors on the spawning cycle through suppression of LH and E(2) secretion along the pituitary-ovary axis. The results suggest that the ovarian stress response depends on the phase of the cycle and that the interruption of the spawning cycle is due to inhibition of recruitment of preovulatory follicles in O. mossambicus.     

多刺裸腹溞孤雌溞的卵子发生

采用光镜和透射电镜技术观察多刺裸腹溞（Moina macrocopa）孤雌溞卵子的发生过程。根据卵母细胞细胞核的形态、卵黄的合成、积累情况及核物质的形态变化等观察结果,将卵子发生分为3个时期：卵原细胞期、卵母细胞期和成熟卵母细胞期。卵原细胞核大,胞质层薄,有少量线粒体分布,核物质浓缩为一团;卵母细胞发育的早期和中期细胞体积增大,细胞质层增厚,线粒体迅速增多,细胞核变圆,核物质分散成多块;后期卵母细胞胞质中开始出现大量卵黄颗粒和少量脂滴,细胞核边缘波浪化,线粒体空泡化,其中卵黄合成初期,核物质重新聚集在细胞核中央,在卵黄合成中期又分散开来;成熟卵母细胞质中充满卵黄颗粒,呈强嗜酸性,细胞核的形态呈不规则状,核物质分散。多刺裸腹溞生殖腺的外部形态随着生殖周期的变化而不同。在孤雌溞的整个生活史中生殖腺内卵子的发育经历了“同步一不同步一局部同步”的发育模式。发现1龄幼溞生殖腺中不存在卵原细胞,成龄溞的生殖腺有多个发育时期的生殖细胞并存。同时在亚显微水平上发现卵黄主要由线粒体演变而来,也通过吞饮作用吸收成熟的卵黄颗粒,内源与外源性共同作用形成卵黄。[中国水产科学,2006,13（4）：547—554]     

葛氏鲈塘艚卵子发生的组织学观察

采用组织切片技术系统观察和描述了葛氏鲈塘鱧（Perccottus glenii Dybowski）卵巢各时相卵母细胞的形态结构、特征及变化。卵巢切面显示：卵母细胞发育分为6个时相：第Ⅰ时相卵母细胞由处于原始分化阶段的卵原细胞构成;第Ⅱ时相卵母细胞进入滤泡细胞期,胞外形成滤泡细胞膜：第Ⅲ时相卵母细胞由质膜向核膜逐渐积累皮质液泡：第Ⅳ时相卵母细胞主要形成卵黄颗粒：第Ⅴ时相卵母细胞为成熟的卵子,胞内含有丰富的卵黄;第Ⅵ时相卵母细胞是未排出的处于退化吸收阶段的卵细胞,卵膜破裂,卵黄被吸收。根据卵巢切片及性腺系数变化推测葛氏鲈塘鱧属于一次产卵类型。     

半滑舌鳎卵巢发育的组织学和形态数量特征研究

采用组织学方法系统研究了人工养殖条件下半滑舌鳎亲鱼卵巢的组织发育周年变化特征.结果表明,卵母细胞发育可分为6个时相,卵巢发育分为6期.卵巢不同发育时期都由不同类型的卵母细胞组成,半滑舌鳎为非同步分批多次产卵类型.周年发育过程中,6月龄前的鱼卵巢发育处于第Ⅰ期;9～12月龄卵巢可发育至第Ⅱ期;12月龄半滑舌鳎性腺可发育达到Ⅲ期,并一直保持至24月龄.3龄雌鱼达到性成熟,卵巢可发育至第Ⅳ期;随着水温和光周期的调控,卵巢发育进入成熟期(Ⅴ期),发生水合现象是卵母细胞成熟并准备排卵的信号;产卵结束后卵巢退化至第Ⅵ期,排出的卵母细胞退化吸收,以Ⅲ期卵巢越冬后,卵巢退化至Ⅱ期并持续至下一个繁殖周期.人工养殖条件下,卵巢内存在卵母细胞闭锁现象.性腺周年发育过程中,性腺指数(GSI)在性腺达到成熟期时达到峰值,产卵结束后性腺快速退化,GSI值各月份差异显著(P<0.05),亲鱼性腺重量在卵巢发育成熟过程中一直处于生长状态.亲鱼肝脏指数(HSI)在产卵前7～8月份(性腺达到成熟期前30 d左右)达到最大,表明7～8月份是性腺进行卵子发育、卵黄能量储备的重要时期,亲鱼在产卵前通过积极摄食储备体内能量,肝脏在卵母细胞卵黄积累方面具有重要的生理作用.肥满度(CF)值在繁殖盛期10～11月份达到最大,表现出与GSI类似的变化趋势.     

Ultrastructure of the oocytes of the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica during artificially induced sexual maturation

ABSTRACT: Morphological changes in the oocytes of the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica , induced to undergo ovarian development by repeated injections of salmon pituitary homogenate, were examined using electron microscopy. Oil droplets were closely associated with organelles, especially mitochondria, and increased in number as oocyte growth proceeded. They fused at the migratory nucleus stage. During vitellogenesis, two types of cortical alveoli were distinguished, one having filamentous contents, the other having latticated contents. As oocytes reached maturity, the structure of the cortical alveoli was exclusively filamentous. Yolk globules were homogeneous and highly electrondense, but electrondensity decreased during hydration. The structure of the zona radiata of previtellogenic oocytes consisted of two layers, and an additional reticular network structure was formed on the inside of the zona radiata during the vitellogenic stage. The zona radiata lost the reticular network structure and assumed a layered structure of uniform electrondensity at the migratory nucleus stage. These structural changes during oocyte development were mostly comparable to those in other teleosts. Results of the present study should assist in developing improved methods for full control of artificial maturation in the Japanese eel.