三峡库区丰都江段鱼类早期资源现状研究

探究三峡库区丰都江段鱼类早期资源现状,评估长江上游梯级水库群联合调度对鱼类早期资源的影响,可为三峡库区渔业资源管理和保护措施制定提供科学依据。2018年5-7月,在三峡库区丰都江段利用圆锥网在左岸、江心和右岸进行鱼卵、鱼苗逐日取样调查。结果显示,调查期间共采集鱼卵7426粒、鱼苗15461尾,隶属于5目、10科、40种(鱼卵16种,仔鱼36种),其中产漂流性卵鱼类19种。估算通过丰都断面的卵苗径流量为290.55×10⁸粒(尾),其中鱼卵89.84×10⁸粒,鱼苗200.71×10⁸尾;四大家的卵苗总径流量为2.24×10⁸粒(尾),其中鱼卵0.95×10⁸粒,鱼苗1.29×10⁸尾。调查期间出现3次产卵高峰,集中在5月下旬和6月下旬。各类仔鱼数量呈现出不同的时间动态,太湖新银鱼(Neosalanx taihuensis)、吻鰕虎鱼属(Rhinogobius sp.)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)主要出现在5月,四大家鱼以及宜昌鳅鮀(Gobiobotia filifer)主要出现在6月。研究表明,三峡库区靠近库尾段的鱼类早期资源丰富,库尾江段仍存在四大家鱼产卵场。     

赣江下游丰城江段鱼类早期资源现状调查

对赣江鱼类早期资源的调查,可为赣江鱼类资源保护以及水利工程生态调度提供科学依据.2017年5-7月,在赣江丰城段使用圆锥网采集鱼卵和弶网采集仔鱼,对鱼类早期资源种类组成、产卵规模和产卵场进行分析.结果显示,调查期间共采集鱼卵11215粒,仔鱼12645尾,隶属于4目、8科、36种,其中产漂流性卵鱼类24种.估算调查期间通过丰城段卵苗径流量为66.66×１０^８粒(尾),其中鱼卵径流量63.84×10^8 粒,鱼苗径流量2.82×10^8 尾;“四大家鱼”卵苗径流量为0.11×10^8 粒(尾),其中鱼卵径流量0.07×10^8 粒,鱼苗径流量0.04×10^8 尾.调查期间出现3次产卵高峰,集中在6 月上、中旬.各类群鱼卵数量呈现出不同的时间动态,银鮈(Squalidusargentatus)产卵高峰期主要出现在5月,银鲴(Xenocyprisargentea)、鳊(Parabramispekinensis)、赤眼鳟(Squaliobarbuscurriculus)以及“四大家鱼”则主要出现在6月.研究表明,峡江水利枢纽运行后,邻近峡江水利枢纽的巴邱“四大家鱼”产卵场消失,但其下游的仁和、新干产卵场保存较完整,在离坝较远的大洋洲镇江段新调查到一处“四大家鱼”产卵场.建议开展生态调度及增殖放流活动,以保护赣江鱼类资源.     

长江中游宜昌江段鱼类早期资源现状

为了探明长江中游宜昌江段鱼类早期资源状况,2014年和2015年连续两年于5―7月在长江中游宜昌江段对产漂流性卵鱼类进行监测,期间共采集鱼卵12209粒。通过分子生物学方法共鉴定出27种鱼类,隶属于2目、4科。其中鲤科鱼类种类数最多,占77%;其次是鳅科,占15%;平鳍鳅科和银鱼科最少,均为4%。鉴定出的27种鱼类中,产漂流性卵鱼类有22种。2014年和2015年长江中游宜昌江段产漂流性卵鱼类的产卵量分别为79.1×10~8粒和70.9×10~8粒,其中四大家鱼产卵量分别为5.65×10~8粒和6.13×10~8粒。监测期间共出现7次产卵高峰(2014年4次,2015年3次),集中在6月初及6月中下旬。四大家鱼产卵量日变化与长江流量日变化关联性较强。2014年宜昌断面采集的四大家鱼鱼卵来自采样点上游的葛洲坝下(坝下–庙咀)、宜昌(胭脂坝–云池)和白洋(白洋镇–关州)三处产卵江段,2015年的四大家鱼鱼卵则来自葛洲坝下(坝下–庙咀)、宜昌(胭脂坝–红花套)两个产卵场。和历史资料相比,长江中游宜昌江段四大家鱼产卵场位置略有下移,规模呈减少趋势。建议继续科学适宜地开展生态调度和增殖放流,满足长江中游鱼类繁殖需求。     

三峡水库生态调度对沙市江段鱼卵和仔鱼的影响

2012年5-7月三峡水库试验性生态调度期间,在长江中游沙市江段设固定采样点,共采集到鱼卵和仔鱼35种,隶属于4目、8科、10亚科、28属。银鮈(Squalidus argentatus)、歺又鱼(Hemiculter leucisculus)、细鳞鲴(Plagiognathops microlepis)、蒙古鲌(Culter mongolicus mongolicus)、花斑副沙鳅(Parabotia fasciata)、翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)、鳊(Parabramis pekinensis)、赤眼鳟(Squaliobarbus curriculus)、草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)和鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)构成了该江段的主要繁殖种类。鱼类繁殖盛期在5-6月,进入7月后鱼卵减少而仔鱼数量显著增加。调查期间鱼卵和仔鱼总径流量约为6.89×1010粒(尾),其中鱼卵径流量1.1×1010粒,仔鱼径流量5.79×1010尾。定点采集的鱼卵、仔鱼随采样时间和垂向空间分布均无显著性差异。不同采集点仔鱼的横向分布存在显著性差异,平均漂流密度为江北江中江南;鱼卵的横向分布无显著性差异,且与流速、流态等水力学指标存在负相关性。生态调度期间沙市江段鱼卵总径流量和家鱼卵径流量均出现高峰,繁殖种类明显增加。初步研究表明,三峡水库生态调度制造的涨水过程能够在一定程度上满足不同鱼类自然繁殖的水文需求,对于减缓三峡水库运行对长江中游鱼类自然繁殖的不利影响、维护鱼类种群资源补充具有重要的意义。     

东海生态系统中鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类组成、数量分布及其与环境因素的关系

为了解当前东海生态系统中鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类组成和数量分布的现状及其变化与物理环境因素的关系,根据2006年11月—2008年6月5个航次的鱼卵、仔稚鱼和物理环境调查资料,对鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类组成、数量分布与产卵场物理环境进行分析,探讨不同季节、不同年份鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类组成和数量分布的变化及其与物理环境的关系。结果显示,5个航次采集到74 813粒鱼卵、16 826尾仔稚鱼,共有135个种类。其中,鉴定到种的有109种,隶属于15目67科99属,还有17个种类仅能鉴定到属、6个种类仅能鉴定到科和3个种类仅能鉴定到目。2006年—2007年秋季、冬季和春季鱼卵、仔稚鱼的种类和数量随着季节变化逐渐增多;2008年春季的种类和数量较2007年春季明显偏少;2008年初夏种类的数量与2008年春季基本相近,但鱼卵的数量明显增多,仔稚鱼的数量基本相近。42种优势种类、重要种类和主要种类构成当前东海生态系统中鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类组成的主要成分。东海表层水温和盐度分布有显著的季节变化。秋、冬季表层水温锋面强度最强,春季次之,初夏最弱;锋面的位置秋季离岸最近,冬季次之,春季和初夏离岸最远,冬季偏南,初夏季节北移。表层盐度锋面主要分布在近岸区域,与岸线大致平行,其强度冬季最强,春、秋季次之,初夏季节最弱。秋、冬季节陆架深水海域的水温较沿岸海域高,鱼类生殖群体在陆架深水高温区产卵;春季和初夏季节沿岸海域明显升温,鱼类生殖群体由深水区向近岸海域进行生殖洄游,产卵场分布由陆架中部向近岸海域扩展,并在近岸海域形成了中心产卵场。鱼卵和仔稚鱼的分布与温、盐锋面和种类的温、盐属性的关系密切,主要分布在温度锋面暖水一侧,并有各自最适宜的温度和盐度范围。水温、盐度与种类的繁殖生物学特性是导致鱼卵和仔稚鱼种类组成与数量发生变化的主要因素;适宜的温度和盐度范围、锋区的辐聚和卷夹作用以及种类的生物学属性是影响鱼卵和仔稚鱼数量分布以及密集分布区形成的主要因素。     

The growth of larval cod and haddock in the Irish Sea: a model with temperature,prey size and turbulence forcing

We applied a physiological individual‐based model for the foraging and growth of cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) larvae, using observed temperature and prey fields data from the Irish Sea, collected during the 2006 spawning season. We used the model to estimate larval growth and survival and explore the different productivities of the cod and haddock stocks encountered in the Irish Sea. The larvae of both species showed similar responses to changes in environmental conditions (temperature, wind, prey availability, daylight hours) and better survival was predicted in the western Irish Sea, covering the spawning ground for haddock and about half of that for cod. Larval growth was predicted to be mostly prey‐limited, but exploration of stock recruitment data suggests that other factors are important to ensure successful recruitment. We suggest that the presence of a cyclonic gyre in the western Irish Sea, influencing the retention and/or dispersal of larvae from their spawning grounds, and the increasing abundance of clupeids adding predatory pressure on the eggs and larvae; both may play a key role. These two processes deserve more attention if we want to understand the mechanisms behind the recruitment of cod and haddock in the Irish Sea. For the ecosystem‐based management approach, there is a need to achieve a greater understanding of the interactions between species on the scale a fish stock is managed, and to work toward integrated fisheries management in particular when considering the effects of advection from spawning grounds and prey–predator reversal on the recovery of depleted stocks.     

长江中游黄石江段四大家鱼早期资源现状

2015年和2016年每年的5—7月,在长江中游黄石江段对四大家鱼早期资源开展了调查,以了解该江段四大家鱼早期资源及产卵场分布现状。调查期间共采集四大家鱼卵67粒,苗23 948尾,种类以鲢和草鱼为主,分别占四大家鱼卵苗总捕捞数量的77.0%和18.1%。2015年和2016年,估算通过黄石江段的四大家鱼卵径流量分别为0.20×108粒、4.69×108粒,鱼苗径流量分别为19.40×108尾、13.65×108尾。黄石江段四大家鱼产卵场主要分布在团风李家洲、鄂州城区、鄂州戴家洲和黄石道士袱4个江段。与历史资料相比,黄石江段四大家鱼产卵场分布位置没有发生明显的变动。建议开展增殖放流活动,并在航道整治等工程建设中注重保护洲滩等生境。     

金沙江下游宜宾段产漂流性卵鱼类早期资源动态变化

为探讨金沙江下游溪洛渡、向家坝水电站蓄水运行对下游江段鱼类早期资源群聚动态的影响,本文基于2016-2020年宜宾江段鱼类早期资源调查数据,对鱼类早期资源种群结构和年际变化趋势进行了研究。宜宾江段共计采集鱼卵20种,主要优势种为吻鮈和寡鳞飘鱼；估算出鱼卵年平均径流量为15.07×10⁶粒,漂流性卵为9.89×10⁶粒,年际间总体呈增加趋势；推算采样点以上分布有产漂流性卵鱼类产卵场3处；从多样性指数和相似度指数看,宜宾江段鱼卵种类组成结构较为稳定,年际间变化不大。尽管受到金沙江下游水电工程开发的影响,宜宾江段作为长江上游珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区的重要组成部分,仍是产漂流性卵鱼类产卵繁殖的重要分布区,但主要以产漂流性卵小型鱼类为主,圆口铜鱼、长鳍吻鮈等长距离洄游性鱼类鱼卵没有监测到。建议继续加强圆口铜鱼、长鳍吻鮈等鱼类的增殖放流,同时,针对产漂流性卵小型鱼类的生态需求,开展金沙江下游梯级水电开发对其生态效应影响的监测研究。     

水电站影响下太湖西苕溪鱼类产卵生境及其早期资源与环境因子的关系

水利设施运行影响下的鱼类早期资源发生规律被逐渐关注, 坝下区域也成为鱼类产卵生境的关注热点。西苕溪作为太湖上游的重要补充支流, 是太湖流域鱼类完成生活史过程的重要载体。为解析电站影响下的坝下河流生境变量与鱼类早期资源的内在联系, 本研究于 2022 年 4—7 月在西苕溪江东电站坝下的东山段开展了持续 90 d 的鱼类早期资源调查以及时空格局研究。结果显示, 该区域鱼卵日平均密度为(0.5±0.7) ind/m³, 仔鱼日平均密度为 (0.5±0.6) ind/m³。运用形态学结合分子生物学方法进行种类鉴定, 共鉴定鱼类 35 种, 隶属 4 目 14 科 22 属, 其中产沉性卵鱼类 9 种, 产浮性卵 5 种, 产黏性卵 9 种, 产漂流性卵 12 种。5 月下旬、6 月上旬和 6 月下旬为产卵高峰期。 左右岸样线以沉性卵和以水生植物为黏附基质的产黏性卵鱼类为主, 河心样线则以产漂流性卵、产黏性卵和浮性卵鱼类为主。该区域鱼类卵苗数量受水温、流速、水位影响较大, 水位、流速是影响鱼类繁殖的主要因子, 电站调度对卵苗量有显著影响。基于卵苗收获量、卵苗发育时期等结果, 判定该采样区域——西苕溪江东电站坝下东山段为适宜多种鱼类繁殖的复合型产卵场, 对太湖流域鱼类多样性和渔业资源保护具有重要意义。     

嘉陵江渠化对主要经济鱼类产卵场的影响

为探究嘉陵江渠化对主要经济鱼类产卵场的影响,2019年3-4月,采用历史资料搜集、访问调查和实地勘察的方法,并结合DNA条形码技术鉴定野外采集的样品。结果显示,原有60个主要经济鱼类产卵场中,41个已经消失,14个存在但已经发生改变,只有5个基本未改变;从产卵场数量、类型和规模来看,均呈减少趋势,仍存在的主要为鲤（Cyprinus carpio）、鲫（Carassius auratus）产卵场。共鉴定鱼卵1 362粒、鱼苗539尾,隶属2目2科12种。鱼卵仅3种,其中,鲤1039粒,占比76.28%;鲫312粒,占比22.91%;红鳍原鲌（Cultrichthys erythropterus）11粒,占比0.81%。鱼苗11种,包括鲤、鲫、马口鱼（Opsariichthys bidens）、麦穗鱼（Pseudorasbora parva）、峨眉鱊（Acheilognathus omeiensis）、大鳍鱊（Acheilognathus macropterus）、兴凯鱊（Acheilognathus chankaensis）、?（Hemiculter leucisculus）、短须颌须鮈（Gnathopogon imberbis）、子陵吻虾虎鱼（Rhinogobius giurinus）、粘皮鲻虾虎鱼（Mugilogobius myxodermus）;其中,兴凯鱊最多,有372尾,占比69.02%;其次为鲫59尾,占比10.95%;鲤57尾,占比10.58%;其他占比仅9.46%。研究表明,产卵场的改变主要集中在水文情势、河床底质和水生植物等方面,梯级水电站开发和采砂作业等导致河道变宽、水位上升、流速降低、卵石漫滩等生境消失、水生植物生物量减少,是原有产卵场消失或改变的主要原因。     

岱衢洋产卵场鱼卵、仔稚鱼群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

为了解岱衢洋海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼的群落结构及其与环境因子的关系,本团队分别在2010年5月—2012年2月春、夏、秋和冬季,利用大型浮游生物网在此海域开展了8个航次调查。共采集到鱼卵1 042粒,仔稚鱼2 055尾,隶属于10目19科37种。鱼卵优势种为扁舵鲣和小带鱼等;仔稚鱼的优势种为鰉、鳀和中华小公鱼等。调查海域鱼卵的平均密度是8.40粒/100 m3,仔稚鱼的平均密度是14.85尾/100 m3。单因素方差分析结果显示,2010年和2011年春、夏季4个季节之间丰富度指数(D)、均匀度指数(J′)和多样性指数(H′)均存在极显著差异。鱼卵、仔稚鱼资源密度分布不均匀,春、夏季较高,冬季最低,大体呈现南高北低的趋势。Pearson相关性结果分析得出,与鱼卵、仔稚鱼关系最密切的环境因子为温度、盐度和海水悬浮物。研究表明,春、夏季是岱衢洋海域鱼类产卵的重要时期,该海域是鳀、扁舵鲣、中华小公鱼等中上层鱼类的重要产卵场和育幼场。     

汉江中下游产漂流性卵鱼类早期资源现状的初步研究

为了解汉江中下游江段的水文变化特点与鱼类早期资源分布状况,2009年6～8月在沙洋断面开展了汉江中下游产漂流性卵鱼类早期资源现状的调查。结果表明,汉江沙洋站以上可监测到的152.28km干流江段中共有3个产卵场,产卵场总长度为42.12km,占江段总长的27.7%。产卵总量为56601.9万粒,产漂流性卵鱼类约有21种,其中拟尖头鲌、蛇鮈、双斑副沙鳅、翘嘴鲌、吻鮈、赤眼鳟等为优势种。产漂流性卵鱼类的产卵次数和产卵量与江水的流速、温度、透明度、涨落水持续时间等多个因素都有一定的关联。近5年来,汉江中下游产漂流性卵鱼类的产卵量因为各种因素的影响呈现出逐年下降的趋势,产卵场的位置也有所改变。本研究旨在为水利开发与水生态环境以及鱼类资源保护提供基础资料。     

海州湾及邻近海域春夏季典型断面鱼类浮游生物群落的结构特征

根据2015年5―7月在海州湾及邻近海域存在空间异质性的南北两个典型断面进行的鱼卵、仔稚鱼水平拖网调查数据,采用多元统计分析等方法研究了该海域春、夏季鱼类浮游生物群落的空间变化。结果表明,本次调查共获得鱼卵33587粒,仔稚鱼713尾。出现鱼卵25种(未定种1种),隶属于14科25属,仔稚鱼13种(未定种1种),隶属于13科13属。鱼卵优势种主要是鳀(Engraulis japonicus)、多鳞鱚(Sillago sihama)、(魚銜)属(Callionymus spp.)、皮氏叫姑鱼(Johnius belengerii)、江口小公鱼(Stolephorus commersonni)和短吻红舌鳎(Cynoglossus joyneri);仔稚鱼优势种主要是(魚銜)属和斑鰶(Konosirus punctatus)。鱼类浮游生物种类组成年代际变化明显,目前以生命周期短、个体小、资源更新节律快的小型鱼种为主;研究表明,鱼类浮游生物的优势种在不同月份和断面之间存在一定变化,5、6月南北两断面优势种组成不同,7月开始出现共同优势种。从鱼类浮游生物的空间分布来看,近岸海域的丰度较高,5、6月鱼类浮游生物的平均丰度均为北面断面1高于南面断面2,7月反之。鱼类浮游生物群落在两个典型断面随月份呈现出不同特征,水深、温度和盐等海洋环境因子综合影响着春、夏季海州湾及邻近海域鱼类浮游生物群落结构。     

长江中游监利江段鱼类早期资源及生态调度对鱼类繁殖的影响

为了解三峡水库开展试验性生态调度后长江中游监利江段鱼类早期资源现状，本研究于2018年、2019年的5—7月对该江段卵苗种类组成、资源量、产卵场及生态水文指标开展了调查，共鉴定出鱼类7目14科54种（属），其中产漂流性卵鱼类26种。仔鱼组成以贝氏䱗（）（占15.2%）、沙鳅属（粒、324.2×10⁸尾；2019年分别为35.9×10⁸粒、1140.7×10⁸尾。监利江段成为鳊（）等鱼类的重要产卵场。生态调度对监利江段贝氏䱗、鳊、银鮈等鱼类的自然繁殖有明显促进作用。产卵量与涨水持续时间、流量累积涨幅呈正相关。监利江段涨水持续时间4 d及以上，流量累积涨幅3500 m³/s及以上时，产卵量可占当年调查期间鱼卵总规模的8.4%以上。建议继续开展并优化生态调度，加强对监利江段鱼类早期资源的基础研究。     

长江湖口段四大家鱼卵资源及其产卵场分布

为了解长江湖口段四大家鱼卵的资源现状和产卵场位置与产卵规模, 本研究于 2019 年 4 月 19 日至 8 月 5 日利用浮游生物网对湖口江段设置的 4 个采样断面进行逐日调查。调查结果显示: 采集到家鱼卵 93 粒, 其中以鲢为绝对优势, 占家鱼卵总数的 80.65%。本次研究采集到的受精卵瞬时发育时期共 9 期, 主要是尾芽出现期、囊胚期和原肠早期, 分别占总家鱼卵数的 32.26%、24.73%和 15.05%, 结合水流情况, 推算出四大家鱼产卵场分布于湖口江州、武穴龙坪和黄冈蕲州 3 个江段附近, 产卵规模分别为 0.49×10⁸ ind、0.68×108 ind 和 0.38×10⁸ ind, 与历史资料相比其位置无明显变化, 但产卵规模显著下降。研究期间, 1 号断面的鱼卵平均日丰度为 1.52 ind/1000 m3, 显著高于 2 号(0.88 ind/1000 m3)和 3 号断面(0.43 ind/1000 m3)。运用 Pearson 检验分析表明, 四大家鱼卵日丰度与水流量日上涨率呈极显著正相关(P<0.01), 与水位日上涨率和流速呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。时隔 50 余年, 本研究再次报道了长江中下游衔接水域四大家鱼产卵场位置与产卵规模, 为四大家鱼资源保护提供基础资料。     

Reproductive migration of fish and movement in a series of reservoirs in the Upper Parana River basin,Brazil

This study evaluates the effectiveness of two fish passes at two hydropower dams (Canoas I and II) in the Upper Parana basin, which form part of a cascade of three reservoirs. Fish from 12 migratory species (3089 specimens) were captured during their ascending, reproductive migration and were tagged with hydrostatic tags. The recapture data (294 specimens over two consecutive years) showed that there is a strong tendency for the maintenance of ascending migration through reservoirs with fish passes but with differences in migratory activity within the same species. No eggs, larvae or juveniles of these species were found in samples collected over 5 years in the reservoirs above the fish passes. These data suggest that fish passes have contributed to the restoration of the migratory routes of adult fish but that in the absence of suitable spawning or nursery habitats for these species; they probably act as ecological traps and do not contribute to the recruitment of the species.     

Interannual variation in the coastal distribution of a juvenile gadid in the northeast Pacific Ocean: The relevance of wind and effect on recruitment

Drift of propagules occurs within many populations inhabiting flow fields. This affects the number of propagules that rejoin their source population (recruitment) and plays a role in adaptive spatial redistribution. We focus on the cause and consequence of interannual variation in geographic distribution of population density among five cohorts of young‐of‐the‐year (age‐0) juvenile walleye pollock Gadus chalcogrammus in the western Gulf of Alaska (GOA). The coastal GOA is a wind‐driven advective system. Walleye pollock spawn during spring and their eggs and larvae drift southwestward; by late summer, age‐0 juveniles are variously distributed over the shelf. We found that high population densities of age‐0 juveniles (ca. 6 months old) near the southwestward exit of the Alaska Coastal Current from the GOA corresponded with high abundance of larvae from the major spawning area upstream, but did not translate into high abundance at older ages. Further, offshore and upwelling‐favorable winds were associated with the high downstream abundance and presumed export. In contrast, downwelling‐favorable (northeasterly) wind during and shortly after spawning (April–May) was associated with high recruitment at age 1. Finally, we found that recruitment also increased with apparent retention of age‐0 juveniles in favorable habitat upstream near the main spawning area. We hypothesize that wind‐related retention in superior upstream habitat favors recruitment. Our results argue for including wind‐driven transport in future walleye pollock recruitment models. We encourage more work on the juvenile stage of marine fishes aimed at understanding how transport and species‐specific habitat suitability interact to affect population response to large‐scale forcing.     

The critical importance of an undammed river segment to the reproductive cycle of a migratory Neotropical fish

Biotelemetry, ichthyoplankton and genetic data can provide detailed information about the migratory dynamics and reproductive cycle of freshwater fishes. However, few studies have combined these techniques in Neotropical systems. The objective of this study was to examine the migratory and reproductive dynamics of Prochilodus costatus in the São Francisco River watershed, south‐east Brazil, by comparing the ecological importance of two rivers to the species, an undammed segment of the São Francisco River and a dammed segment of one of its main tributaries, the Pará River. In total, 215 fish were radio‐tagged over three years (2014–16). Eggs and larvae were sampled at seven locations and analysed by PCR to identify Prochilodus spp. ichthyoplankton. Most radio‐tagged individuals (97%) used the undammed segment of the São Francisco River as spawning migration route, even those captured and released in the Pará River. Fish migrated to spawn from late September to late November with the arrival of the rains and returned to feeding sites from December to May after spawning. The highest densities of fish eggs and larvae were recorded in the upper reaches of the São Francisco River during months of peak river discharge. Returning fish showed high fidelity to sites occupied before spawning migration. Fish spent roughly 71% of the year at feeding sites, 25% at spawning sites and 4% moving between them. This study provides novel information about the migratory dynamics of Neotropical fishes and underscores the key role of undammed river segments for the conservation of Neotropical migratory fish species.     

三峡消落区鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类的鉴定及分布

三峡库区水位从每年3月的175 m逐步降低至6月的145 m,水位下降时间与库区部分鱼类产卵同步,对鱼类早期资源造成了严重的影响。本研究以距离大坝150 km至330 km范围的消落区为研究区域,通过普查方法收集暴露于水面或残留于浅滩的鱼卵和仔稚鱼,利用DNA条形码技术鉴定其种类,初步分析其鱼类组成和分布。通过对收集的样本进行mt CO I序列比对分析,可将其分为14种序列类型,其中10种类型鉴定到种的水平。鲤(Cyprinus carpio)和鲫(Carassius auratus)占测序样本比例最大,分别为50.0%、24.6%,且分布范围最广。在研究区域内,干流上游样品数量和种类均比下游多,另外,在支流磨刀溪采集了733粒鱼卵和108尾仔稚鱼、鉴定到9种鱼类,是本次研究中样品和种类最多的区域,表明磨刀溪受三峡库区消落影响最严重,间接暗示了该支流鱼类资源丰富,应给予重点保护。本研究旨在为全面评估三峡库区消落对鱼类早期资源的影响奠定基础。     

Using a biophysical model to investigate connectivity between spawning grounds and nursery areas of King George whiting (Sillaginodes punctatus: Perciformes) in South Australia’s gulfs

Many demersal marine fish species depend on a dispersive larval stage that connects geographically discrete sub‐populations. Understanding connectivity between these sub‐populations is necessary to determine stock structure, which identifies the appropriate spatial scale for fishery management. Such connectivity is poorly understood for King George whiting (Sillaginodes punctatus; Perciformes) in South Australia's gulf system, even though spawning grounds and nursery areas are adequately defined. In response to declines in commercial catches and estimated biomass, this study aimed to determine the most important spawning grounds and nursery areas to recruitment, and the connectivity between them. A biophysical model was seeded with particles according to the distribution and density of eggs throughout the spawning area in 2017 and 2018. Despite inter‐annual differences in the origins of particles, dispersal pathways and predicted settlement areas remained consistent between years. Predicted settlement was generally highest to nursery areas only short distances from regional spawning grounds, consistent with previous hydrodynamic models. However, the model also predicted that spawning in one region could contribute to recruitment in an adjacent region later in the spawning season, which aligned with the breakdown of thermohaline fronts at the entrance of each gulf. The connectivity between spawning grounds and nursery areas predicted by the model is supported by spatio‐temporal patterns in the otolith chemistry of pre‐flexion larvae and settled juveniles. Consequently, the most parsimonious explanation is that the populations of King George whiting in South Australia's gulf system constitute a single, panmictic stock, which has implications for fishery management.