三峡水库小江库湾水体混合过程中营养盐的行为研究

为研究三峡水库支流回水区营养盐的行为,2007年4月在小江库湾开展了现场调查,分层测定了水体中各形态营养盐、叶绿素 a 以及常量离子的含量.结果表明:干流和支流库湾总氮、总磷的主要组成部分是溶解无机氮、磷,干、支流氮、磷营养盐组成存在一定的差异,库湾内溶解有机氮、溶解有机磷浓度相对较高.干、支流水体的混合是控制库湾营养盐分布的主要原因,而生物活动的影响较小.     

龙须菜处理海水养殖废水的初步研究

在实验室培养条件下,分别采用添加不同浓度的无机氮、磷营养盐培养液和直接利用养鱼废水培养龙须菜,研究高浓度氮、磷营养盐条件下龙须菜的生长情况。结果表明,在溶解无机氮浓度10~75μmol/L和溶解无机磷浓度1~15μmol/L范围内,龙须菜的生长状况良好;当溶解无机氮浓度超过100μmol/L或溶解无机磷浓度超过20μmol/L时,龙须菜的生长受到抑制。养殖废水培养龙须菜的实验结果表明,龙须菜在工厂化养殖废水可以维持较好的生长状况。龙须菜可用作大规模养殖废水的净化材料。     

象山港不同温度区围隔浮游生态系统营养盐迁移—转化的模拟对比

为评估象山港海域电厂温排水对水体富营养化影响,以生态系统中氮、磷营养盐循环为主线,建立了适用于海洋围隔浮游生态系统的多变量的营养盐迁移—转化动力学模型。该模型包括浮游植物、浮游动物、溶解无机态营养盐、溶解有机态营养盐和生物碎屑5 个模块,涉及溶解无机氮、磷酸盐、溶解有机氮、溶解有机磷、浮游植物、浮游动物和生物碎屑7 个状态变量。利用2010年10月象山港其中一个温度区的围隔生态实验数据成功地进行了模型的验证,确定了相关参数的量值,并用该参数同时模拟3个不同温度区围隔氮、磷营养盐生物化学迁移—转化过程,进而得出温度对围隔浮游生态系统氮、磷营养盐迁移—转化影响的结论。结果表明,象山港电厂温排水加剧了受纳水体的富营养化程度。     

三峡水库正常运行下库区干流浮游动物群落特征研究

研究三峡水库正常运行对库区江段浮游动物群落结构的影响,为三峡库区环境保护提供基础参考资料。调查江段为位于库首的秭归、巫山江段,位于库中的万州、云阳江段,位于库尾的涪陵江段,位于库区回水末端的江津江段;每个江段设左、中、右3个样点,采样时间为2016年7月、2016年9月、2016年12月、2017年3月。共鉴定浮游动物45种,其中原生动物9种、轮虫12种、枝角类13种,桡足类11种;浮游动物密度为30.99×104个/L,其中原生动物占9.28%、轮虫占90.33%、枝角类占0.24%、桡足类占0.15%。江津、涪陵、万州江段水体为超富营养水平,云阳、巫山、秭归江段水体为富营养水平。低水位期的夏季和水位下降期的春季浮游动物密度较高,高水位期的冬季和蓄水期的秋季浮游动物密度较低;坝前秭归江段浮游动物密度最高,沿坝前江段溯河而上直到库尾流水江段浮游动物密度呈现降低的趋势。三峡干流浮游动物优势种共16种,以耐污性的种类为主。三峡干流浮游动物物种多样性指数秋季最高,夏季最低;均匀度指数以秋季和冬季较高,夏季最低。物种多样性指数和均匀度指数万州调查江段均最低,总体均呈现库首至回水末端降低的趋势。三峡水库蓄水运行后,浮游动物群落结构在水库的纵轴上表现出明显的分布梯度;夏季和秋季浮游动物群落主要受水温、叶绿素a、总磷、铜、汞、挥发酚、石油类的影响,并呈正相关关系;春季和冬季江段浮游动物群落主要受溶解氧影响。     

三峡工程运行后长江中游溶解气体过饱和演变研究

为了分析三峡工程运行后泄洪对长江中游溶解气体过饱和的影响，本文建立了长江中游溶解氧数学模型，对不同流量下长江中游的溶解氧过饱和演变进行了模拟预测。模拟结果表明，三峡和葛洲坝过坝水流的溶解氧饱和度在40000m3/s～50000m3/s和100000m3/s附近存在两个峰值，长江中游河道天然情况下溶解氧过饱和恢复速度较为缓慢，平均每100km降低5%，洞庭湖水的汇入能显著降低长江干流的溶解氧过饱和度。当三峡出库流量超过40000 m3/s时，其影响范围可达400km以上。本文讨论了溶解气体过饱和的不同指标间的关系，对气体过饱和可能造成的影响以及对长江中游鱼类目前的影响进行了阐述，认为通过三峡水库的调度减小出库高流量次数和历时是减缓下游溶解气体过饱和的有效手段。     

长江上游轮虫群落纵向演替研究

2005～2007年在长江上游通天河至重庆江段干支流设60个采样站,2003～2007年在重庆以下至三峡水库坝前水域设33个采样断面进行轮虫调查,结果在长江上游(通天河至重庆)江段共采集到138种(含亚种)轮虫,隶属于2纲、3目、22科、40属;重庆以下至三峡水库坝前共采集到167种轮虫,隶属于2纲、3目、23科、47属;三峡水库蓄水后的第1年、第2年,重庆以下至三峡水库坝前水域轮虫种类数迅速增长,到蓄水后的第3年开始下降.通过不同区域轮虫群落相似性比较,水电开发强度较大的金沙江下游与三峡库区轮虫群落相似性明显高于金沙江上中游江段,表明水电开发对金沙江下游、长江上游宜宾至重庆段轮虫群落产生了较为明显的影响.     

洞庭湖氮磷时空分布及形态组成特征

为探究洞庭湖水体营养盐形态结构与时空分布特征,分别于2014年8月(丰水期)和2015年1月(枯水期)在入湖河流、湖体、出湖口设置16个代表性断面采集水样,分析了氮、磷营养盐的特征指标。结果表明:1洞庭湖水体中,总氮(TN)含量为1.60~3.65 mg/L,平均值2.25 mg/L,总磷(TP)含量为0.060~0.359 mg/L,平均值0.138 mg/L;颗粒态总氮(TPN)含量为0.07~1.39 mg/L,平均值0.25 mg/L,颗粒态总磷(TPP)含量为0.003~0.172 mg/L,平均值0.05 mg/L;2时空分布上,水体中氮、磷含量整体表现为丰水期高于枯水期,出湖口最高,东洞庭湖高于西、南洞庭湖,入湖河流差异大的特征,颗粒态氮磷呈现自西向东呈逐渐增加趋势,与悬浮物(SS)的空间分布一致;3形态组成上,洞庭湖水体中氮磷以溶解态为主(TDN/TN为88.0%、TDP/TP为66.7%),三峡工程2003年蓄水前后,洞庭湖磷营养盐形态组成发生了大的变化,由以颗粒态磷为主(TDP/TP 20.0%~35.6%)转变为以溶解态为主,而氮营养盐形态组成基本未变;4营养结构上,洞庭湖大多数断面TN/TP在10~22,且氮、磷浓度远高于水体富营养的限制阈值,比较适宜藻类生长。相关分析显示,洞庭湖TN、TP、TDN、TDP均与Chl-a相关性不显著,因此认为洞庭湖氮、磷营养盐对藻类生长的限制作用不明显。     

长江口海域营养盐的形态和分布特征

利用2007年4月对长江口海域航次的调查结果,对该海域营养盐的形态和分布特征进行了探讨,并对其主要控制过程进行了讨论.结果表明:长江口海域营养盐的浓度变化范围较大,整体分布趋势是由近岸向外海逐渐降低,且明显受水文状况影响.在长江口海域,磷主要以磷酸盐的形式存在,其余依次是溶解有机磷、颗粒态磷;氮主要以硝酸盐的形式存在,其余依次是溶解有机氮、颗粒态氮、氨氮、亚硝酸盐.硝酸盐和硅酸盐的行为是保守的,其行为主要受咸淡水混合过程控制;磷酸盐、溶解有机磷、颗粒态磷、亚硝酸盐、氨氮和溶解有机氮的行为是非保守的.     

巢湖富磷地质区沉积物磷的生物可利用性

2010年4-9月,以巢湖富磷地质区池塘为试验对象,测定了叶绿素a与不同形态磷的浓度以及藻类的数量和组成,分析了沉积物藻类可利用性磷(AAP)含量与磷平衡浓度,提取并用分子生物学方法鉴定了沉积物无机磷细菌的主要种类.结果表明,沉积物溶解总磷与AAP含量显著正相关(P＜0.05),与叶绿素a浓度极显著正相关(P＜0.01).沉积物磷在吸附和释放趋势上基本对应于藻类随季节消长的模式.藻的种类较丰富,沉积物无机磷细菌的主要种类包括微单胞菌(Micromonospora sp.,Micromonospora chokoriensis)和链霉菌(Streptomyces neyagawaensis,Streptomyces torulosus).微生物驱动的富磷地质区沉积物磷的溶解可为藻类生长提供生物可利用的磷营养.     

三峡水库156 m蓄水后典型库湾溶解态重金属分布特征研究

为研究三峡水库156m蓄水后库湾中重金属的分布特征,2007年4月在三峡水库典型库湾(香溪河库湾和大宁河库湾)及其毗邻干流开展了现场调查,测定了溶解态重金属铜、铅、铁和镉的含量.结果表明:2007年4月三峡水库156m蓄水后,其典型库湾(香溪河库湾和大宁河库湾)水体中溶解态重金属含量铅最高,铜、铁次之,镉最低.香溪河库湾和大宁河库湾中各溶解态重金属具有较为一致的分布规律;干、支流水体中溶解态铜的平均浓度相差较大.香溪河库湾、大宁河库湾平均浓度均低于与其毗邻干流;两库湾水体中溶解态铅的平均浓度略低于其毗邻十流的,但差别不大;干、支流水体中溶解态铁、镉的平均浓度摹本一致.两库湾中各溶解态重金属的平均浓度相差不大.与蓄水前和135m蓄水后的历史数据相比较,三峡水库156m蓄水后,干流和香溪河库湾溶解态铜、铅和镉的浓度都呈升高趋势,也显著高于长江干流其他水域,表明水库蓄水对区域痕量重金属的生物地球化学循环存在一定影响.     

Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean

The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.     

Growth performance,digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass,Lateolabrax japonicus fed with fructooligosaccharide

In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.     

Involvement of gonadal steroids in final oocyte maturation of white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops): in vivo and in vitro studies

Plasma estradiol-17 (E₂), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E₂ and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E₂ and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass.     

Cardiac,ventilatory and metabolic responses of two ecologically dissimilar species of fish to waterborne cyanide

Changes in heart rate, ventilatory activity and oxygen consumption were determined in trout (Salmo gairdneri) and brown bullhead catfish (Ictalurus nebulosus) during exposure to a steadily increasing concentration of waterborne cyanide selected to produce death in 8–9 hours for each species. The lethal cyanide concentration for the bullheads was an order of magnitude higher than for trout. Trout developed an immediate and gradually increasing bradycardia throughout the exposure period. Cyanide produced tachycardia in the bullhead followed by a gradual onset of bradycardia as the concentration of cyanide was raised. Pericardial injection of atropine (a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist) indicated that bradycardia in the trout was due initially to increased vagal tone but later due to the direct effect of cyanide on the heart. Hyperventilation in the trout persisted throughout the exposure period, although the rate and amplitude fluctuated and was variable between individual fish. During the last hour of exposure (highest cyanide concentration), ventilation was characterized by rapid, shallow breaths followed by a sudden respiratory arrest. The bullheads exhibited hyperventilation during the first 3 hours of exposure followed by a gradual, linear drop in ventilation rate and amplitude until death occurred. Cardiac and ventilatory responses in both species were attributed to stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors by cyanide. Evidence is presented which suggests the initial response in the bullheads was due, at least in part, to gustatory stimulation by the cyanide. Oxygen consumption of the trout remained above pre-exposure levels for the majority of the test period. Oxygen consumption in the bullhead paralleled the changes in heart and ventilatory rates. Whole-body lactate levels of fingerlings of both species during cyanide exposure were measured to estimate the extent of anaerobiosis. Whole-body lactate levels were much greater in the bullheads than the trout, indicating a higher capacity for anaerobiosis, possibly due to a greater fuel supply. Overall, the trout responded to cyanide in a manner similar to that produced by environmental hypoxia whereas the bullheads experienced a gustatory stimulus which masked the hypoxia-like response.     

An overview of stress physiology of fish transport: changes in water quality as a function of transport duration

This study brings an integrated analysis about the relationship between water deterioration and its physiological consequences in live fish transport. The analysis was focused on the transport water and its deterioration, and physiological challenges imposed on the fish. Usual commercial handling procedures employed to mitigate fish stress during transport were discussed. Future topics of research for the establishment of safer fish transport protocols were proposed. Transport was classified into short (≤8 h) or long transport (>8 h). The main issue in short transports should be the prevention of water pH reduction, while in long transports it is the increase in ammonia. Plasma cortisol is the most employed marker for stress and is acutely elevated upon short episodes of transport, but remains elevated even in long‐transport events. Plasma glucose is perhaps a better marker for handling stress. Plasma lactate, pH, osmolality CO₂ and ions should be more often evaluated. Plasma Na⁺ and Cl^‐ are very useful markers of acidosis, due to their respective exchange for H⁺ and , for acid–base regulation. The establishment of species‐specific transport protocols should be preceded by such combined analyses of water and physiological parameters.     

Are hatchery‐reared abalone naïve of predators? Comparing the behaviours of wild and hatchery‐reared northern abalone,Haliotis kamtschatkana (Jonas, 1845)

Abalone populations have declined worldwide, generating interest in enhancement using hatchery‐reared individuals. In many cases, such restoration efforts have met with limited success due to high predator‐induced mortality rates. Furthermore, the mortality rates of outplanted hatchery abalone are often considerably higher than for wild individuals. This study uses northern abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana) as a case study to determine whether hatchery‐reared abalone behave differently than their wild counterparts. In the field, outplanted hatchery‐reared abalone were significantly less responsive than wild abalone, in terms of number of abalone responding and intensity of response, to nearby movement and to physical contact with an inert probe. Also, when encountering a cue to which all abalone responded (a seastar predator), hatchery‐reared individuals remained subdued. Anti‐predator behavioural deficits in hatchery‐reared abalone were more pronounced in 4‐year‐old individuals than in 1‐year‐old individuals, suggesting an influence of either age or amount of time spent in the hatchery environment. These behavioural differences are expected to increase the vulnerability of hatchery‐reared abalone to predators, and are likely a major cause of their elevated predator‐induced mortality when outplanted.     

Effects of cadmium on the kinetics of calcium uptake in developing tilapia larvae, Oreochromis mossambicus

The toxic effects of Cd²⁺ on Ca²⁺ influx kinetics in developing tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) larvae were evaluated. Addition of 20 µg l^-1 of Cd²⁺ to the environment of 0 and 3 day-old larvae competitively inhibited the Ca²⁺ uptake within 4h resulting in a great increase in K_m values for Ca²⁺ influx (19.3 and 17.4 fold, respectively) as compared with their respective controls. Consequently, the actual Ca²⁺ influx of larvae in solutions of 0.2 mM Ca²⁺ are suppressed by 32–45%. Also, 3 day-old larvae were more sensitive to internally accumulated Cd²⁺ than 0 day-old larvae. Although the Ca²⁺ influx in 0 and 3 day-old larvae may be restored to the levels of their respective controls with 24h of being transferred to a 20 µg l^-1 Cd²⁺ solution, total body Ca²⁺ content was significantly reduced in 3 day-old larvae. Increased Ca²⁺ uptake efficiency ensures sufficient Ca²⁺ for normal growth. However, rapid increase in Ca²⁺ influx after hatching also leads to higher Cd²⁺ uptake. Exposure to Cd²⁺ will lead to a drop in body Ca²⁺ content resulting in retardation of larval growth. Therefore, we conclude that if Ca²⁺ uptake is interfered with at this critical stage of development, larvae will not be able to maintain normal levels of body Ca²⁺ and will show signs of Cd²⁺ poisoning.     

Migratory dynamics of stream-spawning longnose gar (Lepisosteus osseus)

Abstract– Literature evidence suggests that lake-dwelling longnose gar (Lepisosteus osseus) enter tributary streams to spawn, Until the present study, the dynamics of this breeding migration had never been investigated quantitatively. During the summers of 1991 and 1992, longnose gar were captured as they entered Weaubleau Creek, Missouri, a tributary of Harry S. Truman Reservoir. The in-stream spawning migration began in early April and ended in late May, and was positively correlated with stream flow and water level, and negatively correlated with water temperature. In-stream residence times ranged from 15 to 94 days, with males exhibiting longer residence times than females. Once in-stream, longnose gar travelled as far as 10 km upstream and occupied certain pools at greater relative frequencies. Although the reason for this preferential utilization is not completely understood, it may relate to pool depth and riffle proximity. Longnose gar disperse from the spawning stream great distances, with gar captured in Weaubleau Creek being recaptured up to 48 km away. This information should provide fisheries biologists the means to consider the reproductive ecology of this species in their conservation and management decisions.     

Nutritional regulation of hepatocyte fatty acid desaturation and polyunsaturated fatty acid composition in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

The desaturation and elongation of [1-¹⁴C]18:3n-3 was investigated in hepatocytes of the tropical warm freshwater species, zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The hepatocyte fatty acid desaturation/elongation pathway was assayed before and after the fish were fed two experimental diets, a control diet containing fish oil (FO) and a diet containing vegetable oil (VO; a blend of olive, linseed and high oleic acid sunflower oils) for 10 weeks. The VO diet was formulated to provide 1% each of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3, and so satisfy the possible EFA requirements of zebrafish and tilapia. At the end of the dietary trial, the lipid and fatty acid composition was determined in whole zebrafish, and liver, white muscle and brain of tilapia. Both zebrafish and tilapia expressed a hepatocyte fatty acid desaturation/elongation pattern consistent with them being freshwater and planktonivorous fish. The data also showed that hepatic fatty acid desaturation/elongation was nutritionally regulated with the activities being higher in fish fed the VO diet compared to fish fed the FO diet. In zebrafish, the main effect of the VO diet was increased fatty acid Δ6 desaturase activity resulting in the production of significantly more 18:4n-3 compared to fish fed the FO diet. In tilapia, all activities in the pathway were greater in fish fed the VO diet resulting in increased amounts of all fatty acids in the pathway, but primarily eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3). However, the fatty acid compositional data indicated that despite increased activity, desaturation of 18:3n-3 was insufficient to maintain tissue proportions of EPA and DHA in fish fed the VO diet at the same level as in fish fed the FO diet. Practically, these results indicate that manipulation of tilapia diets in commercial culture in response to the declining global fish oil market would have important consequences for fish fatty acid composition and the health of consumers. Scientifically, zebrafish and tilapia, both the subject of active genome mapping projects, could be useful models for studies of lipid and fatty acid metabolism at a molecular biological and genetic level. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Production of diatom–bacteria biofilm isolated from Seriola lalandi cultures for aquaculture application

Controlled incorporation of selected microalgae and bacteria in aquaculture systems can be beneficial because they can act as microbiological control. That is why the characteristics of biofilm generated naturally in Seriola lalandi culture cages were analysed, their potential benefit to the growth of larvae was studied, and their controlled use for improving the larval viability and as a vector to improve incorporation of previously studied probiotic bacteria was tested. According to biodiversity results, these biofilms are composed of a diatom–bacteria mix showing a decrease in biodiversity in laboratory culture conditions being dominated by Navicula phyllepta and bacteria of the family Rhodobacteraceae. This can be produced on mesh substrates incorporated in bioreactors with rapid growth rate and adhesiveness. Preliminary results from the addition of substrates with this specific biofilm in larvae culture systems showed that it is consumed by the larvae without negative effects, while positive effects on the viability of larvae in combination with probiotics were observed. Considering preliminary results, the addition of these specific substrates with diatom–bacteria biofilms could be a good improvement for aquaculture systems and together with the use of probiotics can contribute to maintaining a stable and controlled system improving the viability of the larval fish culture in its early stages.