云南高原湖库浮游细菌的生态分布及其影响因素

2009年秋季,对我国西南云贵高原8个处于不同营养水平的湖泊和水库的浮游细菌进行了调查,分析了浮游细菌的分布特征及其与温度、总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）、正磷酸盐（PO4-P）、氨氮（NH4-N）、硝氮（NO3-N）、化学需氧量（CODMn）和叶绿素a（Chl.a）的相关性。结果表明,8个湖库的浮游细菌数量存在明显差异,异龙湖最高,平均值为5.66×109个/L,阳宗海最低,平均值为2.25×109个/L,从大到小依次为：异龙湖〉草甸海〉松花坝水库〉白沙河水库〉月湖〉松茂水库〉石龙坝〉阳宗海。对阳宗海4个点     

金海水库浮游细菌时空分布特征

为探究呼和浩特市金海水库水体有机污染程度和营养状况,对水体中浮游细菌及主要环境因子进行为期一年的监测。结果显示:水体中浮游细菌数量夏季春季冬季秋季,全年介于4.4×10~2～9 700.0×10~2个/mL,最高和最低值分别出现在6月和11月,表明夏季水库水体有机污染程度最大,秋季水体洁净程度较高。在空间上,浮游细菌数量主要受水体流动性影响,水库内各点位细菌数量的空间差异较明显,呈现出春、秋季从进水口向库区内部逐渐减少,夏、冬季从进水口向库区内部逐渐增加的分布格局。浮游细菌与温度、pH值呈现良好的正相关性,与总氮、总磷、叶绿素a呈现负相关关系,其中与总磷的负相关性较为突出,相关系数达0.69。各季节水体均属β-中污带,为轻度污染。     

氮源和氮磷比对威氏海链藻生长与光合指标的影响

用批次培养的方法,研究了不同氮源[NaNO_3、NaNO_2、NH_4Cl、(NH_2)_2CO]和总氮或总磷浓度固定(总氮0.8824 mol/L、总磷0.0367 mol/L)条件下不同氮磷比(分别为4∶1、8∶1、12∶1、16∶1和20∶1)对威氏海链藻生长速率、叶绿素a含量、PSⅡ光化学活性指标F_v/F_m和ETR的影响。结果表明:(1)相较于无机氮源,(NH_2)_2CO更加有利于提高威氏海链藻细胞密度和叶绿素a含量,试验中(NH_2)_2CO处理组威氏海链藻最大细胞密度和叶绿素a含量分别达3.67×10~(4 )个/mL和279.25 mg/L。(2)在总氮不变的条件下,不同氮磷比处理组威氏海链藻的细胞密度和叶绿素a含量随试验延续呈不断上升的趋势,而F_v/F_m和ETR却不断下降。在总磷不变的条件下,不同氮磷比处理组威氏海链藻的细胞密度和叶绿素a含量随试验进行变化幅度较小且均维持在较低水平,而F_v/F_m和ETR却逐渐上升。试验期间固定总氮各组威氏海链藻细胞密度和变化幅度均显著高于固定总磷各组,固定总氮各组的平均细胞密度是固定总磷各组的1.51倍;固定总氮各组的平均叶绿素a含量为固定总磷各组的1.99倍;固定总氮各组的平均F_v/F_m水平与固定总磷各组十分接近,分别为0.48和0.45;固定总氮各组的平均ETR水平是固定总磷各组的1.59倍。     

庙湖水华过程中浮游细菌丰度与多样性的变化

藻类的过度繁盛(水华)将产生大量有机质,并由此造成严重危害,而浮游细菌在有机质分解过程中的作用尚未得到充分研究。描述了2010年4-8月武汉庙湖叶绿素与不同形态氮和磷的浓度,分析了不同形态细菌的丰度和多样性(以DNA的DGGE图谱为表征)及其与胞外水解酶活性的关系。结果表明,庙湖叶绿素a与总磷浓度显著正相关(P<0.05),4月与7月的叶绿素浓度均超过120μg/L。在水华间隔期内,自由生活菌的数量大幅度升高(1.39×106～2.72×107个/mL),而附着细菌的数量则大体相近(7.77×105～4.49×106个/mL)。水华衰亡初期,二者的群落结构基本相似,并随时间逐渐分化至显著不同的程度;附着细菌的数量直接或间接地明显正比于胞外水解酶活性,在水华有机碎屑分解过程中的作用更为重要。     

鹤地水库叶绿素a时空分布特征及其与环境因子的关系

为全面了解鹤地水库水体富营养变化趋势及导致水体富营养化的环境因子,于2010-2015年2月、5月、8月和11月,对鹤地水库叶绿素a含量及主要环境因子进行测定,分析鹤地水库叶绿素a含量的时空分布特征,运用逐步回归分析方法探讨鹤地水库叶绿素a和环境因子之间的相关关系,建立逐步回归方程,并运用主成分分析法对影响鹤地水库水质的主要环境因子进行了分析。结果表明,鹤地水库叶绿素a含量在0.8~44.5μg/L,该水库处于富营养化水平;在时空分布上,叶绿素a含量季节变化表现为枯水期最低、平水期其次、丰水期相对较高;空间变化表现为河流区浓度较高,过渡区和湖泊区较低。运用逐步回归分析法建立的全库区叶绿素a回归方程为:Y_(Chl-a)=7.690X_(COD_(Mn))-32.587 X_(TP)-8.689(P0.001),影响鹤地水库叶绿素a含量的显著影响因子为高锰酸盐指数和总磷,总磷可能为浮游植物生长的限制性因子。主成分分析结果表明,影响水库水质的主要环境因子有透明度、氨氮、总磷、总氮和硝态氮。     

亚热带河流型水库浮游植物群落研究——以分水江水库为例

为了解亚热带河流型水库-分水江水库蓄水后的水体富营养化状况与浮游植物群落结构特征,于2006年1月至2007年12月,对其进行了20次采样调查。结果表明,分水江水库总氮浓度较高,平均值大于2mg／L,氮污染严重,磷污染较轻,水质总体评价较差,为劣V水体。分水江水库浮游植物群落组成以硅藻、隐藻和绿藻为主,密度为0．7×10^4-168310×10。个／L,以富营养种类为主。浮游植物组成随季节变化而有所不同,春季以直链藻（Melosira）、实球藻（Pandorina）、盘星藻（Pediastrum）为优势类群;夏季以微囊藻（Microcystis）、鱼腥藻（Ana-baena）、脆杆藻（Fragilaria）为优势类群;秋冬季以小环藻（Cyclotella）、针杆藻（Synedra）、蓝隐藻（Chroomonas）为主。分水江水库浮游植物密度、叶绿素a与降雨量均呈显著正相关,浮游植物的生长受水文气象条件变化的影响较大,间接说明分水江水库受面源污染比较严重。浮游植物密度和叶绿素a与水体理化因子也有较强的相关性,特别是水温、pH、溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数和总磷均与浮游植物呈显著正相关。     

乌溪江水库富营养化程度及其影响因子时空分布探讨

为了解乌溪江水库主要水质指标的时空分布特征,探究其营养化程度的变化趋势,2019-2020年,对丽水市乌溪江水库的7个采样点（S1-S7）的水温、pH、总氮、总磷、叶绿素a等理化因子进行了监测。分析对比了综合营养指数和理化因子等关键指标在不同时期的分布特征。结果表明,乌溪江水库的营养盐浓度呈现出春夏高秋冬低、从上游（S1）至下游（S7）逐渐下降的趋势,平均综合营养指数也从47.1（S1）下降到32.5（S7）,整体上属于中营养化水库。总磷浓度在0.002-0.040mg/L间,平均值为0.012mg/L;总氮浓度在0.412-2.826mg/L间,氮的主要赋存形式为硝酸盐。叶绿素a含量均值为3.77 ug/L,河流区的叶绿素a含量显著高于下游的过渡区和湖泊区。分析表明：汛期地表径流带来的富营养化压力最大,同时也是氮磷等外源性营养盐输入水体的主要途径;WD、pH、TP和叶绿素a含量中等程度相关,水库生态系统具备很强的净化能力。但近年来富营养化程度加剧。     

南太湖入湖口叶绿素ａ时空变化及其与环境因子的关系

根据2010年1-12月专项监测数据,分析南太湖入湖口水域叶绿素a含量的时空变化特征以及与水温和营养盐等主要环境因子的相关性.研究表明,叶绿素a含量随时间变化明显,夏季最高,秋冬季次之,春季最低;在空间分布上,太湖西南入湖口水域的叶绿素a含量明显高于太湖南部入湖口水域.叶绿素a含量全年平均值为(15.71 ±11.24) μg/L,变化范围在1.50～74.3μg/L.叶绿素a含量与水温、pH、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、总磷(TP)、氨氮(NH4+-N)呈极显著正相关,与溶解氧(DO)、总氮(TN)、TN/TP呈极显著负相关.叶绿素a含量变化受多个因子共同影响,水温是叶绿素a含量变化的关键因子.氮磷比平均值为17.8,在藻类生长氮磷比的最佳范围内,易发生蓝藻水华.叶绿素a含量的对数与TP的对数呈极显著正相关,与TN和TN/TP的对数呈极显著负相关.磷是南太湖入湖口水域浮游植物生长的限制因子.     

天津市河流和水库浮游植物群落与水环境因子关系的研究

为探明天津市河流、水库浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系,于2009年5月、7月、9月对天津市的5条河流和4个水库进行采样分析。结果表明,天津市河流浮游植物为7门100种,优势种为绿藻、蓝藻;水库为8门81种,优势种为硅藻、蓝藻。环境因子在河流和水库间差异极显著的为透明度、pH、总磷和重碳酸盐碱度(P<0.01)。影响浮游植物群落结构的环境因子,河流依次为:浮游动物丰度、高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、碳酸盐碱度、磷酸盐浓度、总磷;水库依次为:重碳酸盐碱度、钙离子浓度、氨氮、透明度、溶解氧、水深、叶绿素(a、b)、总碱度、总硬度、pH。     

莱州湾扇贝养殖区表层沉积物质量评价

2015年4—11月对莱州湾4个扇贝养殖区进行了表层沉积物pH、氧化还原电位、硫化物、总磷、总氮、有机碳以及细菌(弧菌和异养细菌)等8个指标检测,并采用有机污染指数法和内梅罗环境质量综合评价法对其进行了评价。通过分析各指标月际变化及来源,试验结果表明,4个养殖区表层沉积物pH和氧化还原电位变化分别为7.33~8.30和-368.30~-170.30mV,属于中性—弱碱性的高度还原态环境;总氮、总磷、总有机碳和硫化物的含量分别为0.038~0.897mg/g、0.131~0.554mg/g、0.029%~0.560%和1.66~184.11mg/kg,除总氮在7—10月出现不同程度的超标之外,其他指标均处于安全范围内;异养细菌和弧菌数量的变化分别为3.0×102~8.2×104 cfu/g和0.5×103~7.9×103 cfu/g(湿质量),各养殖区之间差异较小。综合评价结果表明,莱州湾扇贝养殖区表层沉积物环境整体处于良好状态,但应控制氮元素的输入。     

Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean

The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.     

Growth performance,digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass,Lateolabrax japonicus fed with fructooligosaccharide

In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.     

Involvement of gonadal steroids in final oocyte maturation of white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops): in vivo and in vitro studies

Plasma estradiol-17 (E₂), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E₂ and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E₂ and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass.     

Cardiac,ventilatory and metabolic responses of two ecologically dissimilar species of fish to waterborne cyanide

Changes in heart rate, ventilatory activity and oxygen consumption were determined in trout (Salmo gairdneri) and brown bullhead catfish (Ictalurus nebulosus) during exposure to a steadily increasing concentration of waterborne cyanide selected to produce death in 8–9 hours for each species. The lethal cyanide concentration for the bullheads was an order of magnitude higher than for trout. Trout developed an immediate and gradually increasing bradycardia throughout the exposure period. Cyanide produced tachycardia in the bullhead followed by a gradual onset of bradycardia as the concentration of cyanide was raised. Pericardial injection of atropine (a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist) indicated that bradycardia in the trout was due initially to increased vagal tone but later due to the direct effect of cyanide on the heart. Hyperventilation in the trout persisted throughout the exposure period, although the rate and amplitude fluctuated and was variable between individual fish. During the last hour of exposure (highest cyanide concentration), ventilation was characterized by rapid, shallow breaths followed by a sudden respiratory arrest. The bullheads exhibited hyperventilation during the first 3 hours of exposure followed by a gradual, linear drop in ventilation rate and amplitude until death occurred. Cardiac and ventilatory responses in both species were attributed to stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors by cyanide. Evidence is presented which suggests the initial response in the bullheads was due, at least in part, to gustatory stimulation by the cyanide. Oxygen consumption of the trout remained above pre-exposure levels for the majority of the test period. Oxygen consumption in the bullhead paralleled the changes in heart and ventilatory rates. Whole-body lactate levels of fingerlings of both species during cyanide exposure were measured to estimate the extent of anaerobiosis. Whole-body lactate levels were much greater in the bullheads than the trout, indicating a higher capacity for anaerobiosis, possibly due to a greater fuel supply. Overall, the trout responded to cyanide in a manner similar to that produced by environmental hypoxia whereas the bullheads experienced a gustatory stimulus which masked the hypoxia-like response.     

An overview of stress physiology of fish transport: changes in water quality as a function of transport duration

This study brings an integrated analysis about the relationship between water deterioration and its physiological consequences in live fish transport. The analysis was focused on the transport water and its deterioration, and physiological challenges imposed on the fish. Usual commercial handling procedures employed to mitigate fish stress during transport were discussed. Future topics of research for the establishment of safer fish transport protocols were proposed. Transport was classified into short (≤8 h) or long transport (>8 h). The main issue in short transports should be the prevention of water pH reduction, while in long transports it is the increase in ammonia. Plasma cortisol is the most employed marker for stress and is acutely elevated upon short episodes of transport, but remains elevated even in long‐transport events. Plasma glucose is perhaps a better marker for handling stress. Plasma lactate, pH, osmolality CO₂ and ions should be more often evaluated. Plasma Na⁺ and Cl^‐ are very useful markers of acidosis, due to their respective exchange for H⁺ and , for acid–base regulation. The establishment of species‐specific transport protocols should be preceded by such combined analyses of water and physiological parameters.     

Are hatchery‐reared abalone naïve of predators? Comparing the behaviours of wild and hatchery‐reared northern abalone,Haliotis kamtschatkana (Jonas, 1845)

Abalone populations have declined worldwide, generating interest in enhancement using hatchery‐reared individuals. In many cases, such restoration efforts have met with limited success due to high predator‐induced mortality rates. Furthermore, the mortality rates of outplanted hatchery abalone are often considerably higher than for wild individuals. This study uses northern abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana) as a case study to determine whether hatchery‐reared abalone behave differently than their wild counterparts. In the field, outplanted hatchery‐reared abalone were significantly less responsive than wild abalone, in terms of number of abalone responding and intensity of response, to nearby movement and to physical contact with an inert probe. Also, when encountering a cue to which all abalone responded (a seastar predator), hatchery‐reared individuals remained subdued. Anti‐predator behavioural deficits in hatchery‐reared abalone were more pronounced in 4‐year‐old individuals than in 1‐year‐old individuals, suggesting an influence of either age or amount of time spent in the hatchery environment. These behavioural differences are expected to increase the vulnerability of hatchery‐reared abalone to predators, and are likely a major cause of their elevated predator‐induced mortality when outplanted.     

Effects of cadmium on the kinetics of calcium uptake in developing tilapia larvae, Oreochromis mossambicus

The toxic effects of Cd²⁺ on Ca²⁺ influx kinetics in developing tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) larvae were evaluated. Addition of 20 µg l^-1 of Cd²⁺ to the environment of 0 and 3 day-old larvae competitively inhibited the Ca²⁺ uptake within 4h resulting in a great increase in K_m values for Ca²⁺ influx (19.3 and 17.4 fold, respectively) as compared with their respective controls. Consequently, the actual Ca²⁺ influx of larvae in solutions of 0.2 mM Ca²⁺ are suppressed by 32–45%. Also, 3 day-old larvae were more sensitive to internally accumulated Cd²⁺ than 0 day-old larvae. Although the Ca²⁺ influx in 0 and 3 day-old larvae may be restored to the levels of their respective controls with 24h of being transferred to a 20 µg l^-1 Cd²⁺ solution, total body Ca²⁺ content was significantly reduced in 3 day-old larvae. Increased Ca²⁺ uptake efficiency ensures sufficient Ca²⁺ for normal growth. However, rapid increase in Ca²⁺ influx after hatching also leads to higher Cd²⁺ uptake. Exposure to Cd²⁺ will lead to a drop in body Ca²⁺ content resulting in retardation of larval growth. Therefore, we conclude that if Ca²⁺ uptake is interfered with at this critical stage of development, larvae will not be able to maintain normal levels of body Ca²⁺ and will show signs of Cd²⁺ poisoning.     

Migratory dynamics of stream-spawning longnose gar (Lepisosteus osseus)

Abstract– Literature evidence suggests that lake-dwelling longnose gar (Lepisosteus osseus) enter tributary streams to spawn, Until the present study, the dynamics of this breeding migration had never been investigated quantitatively. During the summers of 1991 and 1992, longnose gar were captured as they entered Weaubleau Creek, Missouri, a tributary of Harry S. Truman Reservoir. The in-stream spawning migration began in early April and ended in late May, and was positively correlated with stream flow and water level, and negatively correlated with water temperature. In-stream residence times ranged from 15 to 94 days, with males exhibiting longer residence times than females. Once in-stream, longnose gar travelled as far as 10 km upstream and occupied certain pools at greater relative frequencies. Although the reason for this preferential utilization is not completely understood, it may relate to pool depth and riffle proximity. Longnose gar disperse from the spawning stream great distances, with gar captured in Weaubleau Creek being recaptured up to 48 km away. This information should provide fisheries biologists the means to consider the reproductive ecology of this species in their conservation and management decisions.     

Nutritional regulation of hepatocyte fatty acid desaturation and polyunsaturated fatty acid composition in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

The desaturation and elongation of [1-¹⁴C]18:3n-3 was investigated in hepatocytes of the tropical warm freshwater species, zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The hepatocyte fatty acid desaturation/elongation pathway was assayed before and after the fish were fed two experimental diets, a control diet containing fish oil (FO) and a diet containing vegetable oil (VO; a blend of olive, linseed and high oleic acid sunflower oils) for 10 weeks. The VO diet was formulated to provide 1% each of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3, and so satisfy the possible EFA requirements of zebrafish and tilapia. At the end of the dietary trial, the lipid and fatty acid composition was determined in whole zebrafish, and liver, white muscle and brain of tilapia. Both zebrafish and tilapia expressed a hepatocyte fatty acid desaturation/elongation pattern consistent with them being freshwater and planktonivorous fish. The data also showed that hepatic fatty acid desaturation/elongation was nutritionally regulated with the activities being higher in fish fed the VO diet compared to fish fed the FO diet. In zebrafish, the main effect of the VO diet was increased fatty acid Δ6 desaturase activity resulting in the production of significantly more 18:4n-3 compared to fish fed the FO diet. In tilapia, all activities in the pathway were greater in fish fed the VO diet resulting in increased amounts of all fatty acids in the pathway, but primarily eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3). However, the fatty acid compositional data indicated that despite increased activity, desaturation of 18:3n-3 was insufficient to maintain tissue proportions of EPA and DHA in fish fed the VO diet at the same level as in fish fed the FO diet. Practically, these results indicate that manipulation of tilapia diets in commercial culture in response to the declining global fish oil market would have important consequences for fish fatty acid composition and the health of consumers. Scientifically, zebrafish and tilapia, both the subject of active genome mapping projects, could be useful models for studies of lipid and fatty acid metabolism at a molecular biological and genetic level. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Production of diatom–bacteria biofilm isolated from Seriola lalandi cultures for aquaculture application

Controlled incorporation of selected microalgae and bacteria in aquaculture systems can be beneficial because they can act as microbiological control. That is why the characteristics of biofilm generated naturally in Seriola lalandi culture cages were analysed, their potential benefit to the growth of larvae was studied, and their controlled use for improving the larval viability and as a vector to improve incorporation of previously studied probiotic bacteria was tested. According to biodiversity results, these biofilms are composed of a diatom–bacteria mix showing a decrease in biodiversity in laboratory culture conditions being dominated by Navicula phyllepta and bacteria of the family Rhodobacteraceae. This can be produced on mesh substrates incorporated in bioreactors with rapid growth rate and adhesiveness. Preliminary results from the addition of substrates with this specific biofilm in larvae culture systems showed that it is consumed by the larvae without negative effects, while positive effects on the viability of larvae in combination with probiotics were observed. Considering preliminary results, the addition of these specific substrates with diatom–bacteria biofilms could be a good improvement for aquaculture systems and together with the use of probiotics can contribute to maintaining a stable and controlled system improving the viability of the larval fish culture in its early stages.