洞庭湖黄鳝体内鳗鲡独孤吸虫种群生态研究

洞庭湖黄鳝对鳗鲡独孤吸虫的总感染率为 5 1 7% ,感染强度为 4 6 7(1～ 33) ,其中以体长 2 9 1～39cm的黄鳝感染率最高 ,其余体长的黄鳝也有较高的感染率 (37 5 %以上 )。其感染强度有随体长的增长而增大的趋势。鳗鲡独孤吸虫种群主要由体长 3～ 8mm的虫体组成 ,在黄鳝种群中呈聚集分布。鳗鲡独孤吸虫的寄生对黄鳝肥满度无明显影响。     

澧水下游水系黄鳝感染鳗鲡独孤吸虫的研究

产于澧水下游水系的黄鳝对鳗鲡独孤吸虫的总感染率为46 7%,感染强度为3 14(1～11)。体长24cm以下的黄鳝未检出该种吸虫;体长29 1cm以上的黄鳝均有较高的感染率(50%以上),且差异不大,其感染强度亦无显著性差异。鳗鲡独孤吸虫种群主要由体长3～5mm的虫体组成,在黄鳝种群中呈聚集分布,其负二项分布参数k=0 377。鳗鲡独孤吸虫的寄生对黄鳝肥满度有一定影响,使黄鳝肥满度系数平均下降9 8%。     

额尔齐斯河粘鲈感染复口吸虫的种群动态研究

通过对额尔齐斯河粘鲈(Acerina cernua)的取样调查研究,揭示了其感染复口吸虫(Diplostomum)的种群生态学的部分特点。2009年4月至2013年4月随机选取额尔齐斯河河段内的北屯、哈巴河为采样点进行采样调查。共采集解剖体长5~13 cm粘鲈129尾。结果表明,复口吸虫的总感染率为38.76%,平均感染强度为16.06±30.85,感染0、1~5、6~10、11~15、16~20和20只以上复口吸虫的粘鲈占粘鲈总数的比率分别为61.24%、24.03%、3.88%、1.55%、1.55%和7.75%。复口吸虫感染率和感染强度随着粘鲈体长的变化而发生变化:感染率在13 cm以上的粘鲈中达到最大,为80%;平均感染强度在11 cm≤L13 cm范围内最大。感染强度在体长段5 cmL≤7 cm与9 cmL≤11 cm和11 cmL≤13 cm之间存在显著性差异。复口吸虫种群在宿主不同体长段中的分布类型均为聚集分布,且聚集强度随宿主体长的变化而发生变化。     

额尔齐斯河白斑狗鱼复口吸虫的流行病学调查

调查白斑狗鱼眼内寄生的复口吸虫的流行病学,为白斑狗鱼养殖过程中的疾病防治提供基础性资料。2009年至2014年在中国境内的额尔齐斯河8次采样获得263尾白斑狗鱼,统计分析复口吸虫在白斑狗鱼各体长组中的频率分布及空间分布特点。结果表明:复口吸虫一年四季均可感染白斑狗鱼,感染率从春季到冬季逐渐升高,冬季达到峰值;平均感染强度则在冬季最高,夏季次之,春秋两季均低;总感染率为34.98%,平均感染强度为10.74只/尾;感染率随宿主体长增加而上升,但是在体长50 cm时,感染率最低,为4.17%;平均感染强度随宿主体长的增加也呈逐渐上升的趋势;方均比在各体长段均大于1,呈聚集分布,且聚集度随鱼体长增加而增加。     

惠东拟囊腔吸虫种群动态研究

鲻体内的惠东拟囊腔吸虫（Ｓａｃｃｏｃｏｅｄｉｏｉｄｅｓ ｈｕｉｄｏｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ Ｌｕｅ，１９９３）随着宿主体长的生长，其感染强度，平均密度有逐渐增加的趋势，而感染率则呈不规划的波动；其感染率、感染强度和平均密度在不同月份亦呈不稳定变化；吸虫在宿主体内的频率分布表明，大量的吸虫寄生于少数宿主中，而多数宿主感染少量的吸虫；吸虫在不同体长组的分布类型为聚集分布，且聚集强度随种群密度的增加而增大。     

巢湖太湖新银鱼寄生虫调查和食物组成

于2006年11月和2007年8月、9月、11月在巢湖5个采样点分别进行了4次调查,研究了太湖新银鱼(Neosalanx tangkahkeii taihuensis Chen)的寄生虫种类、感染率、感染强度、食物组成等指标。结果显示:巢湖的太湖新银鱼感染的寄生虫是双线绦虫,感染率8月份为(57.14±53.45)%,9月份为(66.67±47.76)%,两月平均感染率为(65.22±48.15)%;感染强度8月份为(0.71±0.76)个/尾,9月份为(1.59±1.80)个/尾,两月平均感染强度为(1.46±1.71)个/尾。桡足类是太湖新银鱼的主要食物,在8月份食物中平均个数组成比例为(66.32±11.85)%,出现率为100%;在9月份食物中平均个数组成比例为(57.86±31.00)%,出现率为87.18%。     

衡阳市黄鳝感染新棘衣虫和胃瘤线虫的初步研究

2007年2月对衡阳市黄鳝感染新棘衣虫和胃瘤线虫进行了初步的调查研究。结果表明,新棘衣虫的感染率为18.4%,感染强度为5.53(2～18),平均丰度为1.02±2.76;胃瘤线虫的感染率为42.7%,感染强度为3.57(1～15),平均丰度为1.52±2.49;两种蠕虫均感染的占样本总数的4.9%,都不感染的占样本总数的43.7%。黄鳝的感染与其体长有一定关系,对新棘衣虫,体长45cm以下86尾中仅1尾发现有感染,以上则有较高的感染率(最高为76.5%);对胃瘤线虫,体长35cm以上其感染率随体长的增加而上升,感染强度则降低,以上感染率随体长的增加而下降,感染强度则变化不大。新棘衣虫和胃瘤线虫的种群在黄鳝种群中均呈聚集分布,其中二项参数k值分别为0.16和0.49,表明棘头虫比线虫的聚集度更高一些。     

洞庭湖区黄鳝体内胃瘤线虫的感染研究

洞庭湖区6个采样点的黄鳝对胃瘤线虫的感染存在较大的差异，其中常德市芦山乡所产黄鳝感染量为严重，感染率高达90％，感染强度为4．35，其次是岳阳县中洲乡，感染率37．1％，华容暂未发现有感染。不同体长组的黄鳝其感染率和感染强度没有显著性差异，可能是一个随机感染的过程。胃瘤线虫幼虫主要寄生于黄鳝的腹腔内的肠系膜和体壁内膜上，常常结囊。在肠道内发现有较多的细小胃瘤线虫寄生，说明这种线虫是经消化道而感染的。并测得胃瘤线虫在黄鳝种群中的体长为8．5—55．0mm，其中以10—20mm体长的线虫占多数，说明7—8月份可能是胃瘤线虫感染的高峰期。     

伊犁河流域新疆裸重唇鱼寄生三代虫的感染情况及空间分布

2019年对新疆伊犁河流域巩乃斯河段鱼类进行寄生虫病原调查过程中发现,在新疆裸重唇鱼(Gymnodiptychus dybowskii)体表有三代虫寄生,经形态学特征及分子生物学鉴定确定为同一种三代虫,定为新种(暂未公布)。为了解该三代虫在新疆裸重唇鱼鳍条上的寄生特点,运用统计学方法对新疆裸重唇鱼鳍条寄生三代虫的感染情况及空间分布特点进行分析。结果显示:在检查的69尾新疆裸重唇鱼中,共检出459只同种三代虫,总感染率和平均感染丰度分别为91.3%和(6.65±5.24);统计三代虫在各个鳍条的感染率,腹鳍的感染率最高为78%,尾鳍感染率最低为41%,在宿主胸鳍与尾鳍之间的感染强度差异显著;三代虫随着宿主体长的增大,其感染率、感染丰度和强度逐渐上升,在14～19 cm体长组达到最高,不同大小的宿主其感染强度之间差异显著。结果表明,新疆裸重唇鱼寄生三代虫对宿主体长及鳍条具有一定的选择偏好性,更偏好寄生于体长14～19 cm的宿主的胸鳍。三代虫在宿主种群中的分布类型为聚集分布和均匀分布。     

斑尾刺鰕虎鱼体内岐口福斯特吸虫的种群动态研究

通过对斑尾刺鰕虎鱼(Acanthogobius ommaturus)肠道内岐口福斯特吸虫(Faustula qikouensis)种群动态的研究发现,随着宿主体长的增加,其平均密度、感染强度及感染率均呈上升趋势;在宿主体长小于26.5cm时,其种群平均拥挤度、扩散性指标随着鱼体长的增加而增大,分布参数k值则呈减小趋势。在夏、秋、冬季,吸虫在宿主体内的感染率、平均密度和平均感染强度变化不大,但在春季均显著增加。频率分布表明,大量的岐口福斯特吸虫寄生于少数宿主肠道内,多数宿主感染少量的岐口福斯特吸虫;岐口福斯特吸虫种群在不同体长的宿主和不同季节均呈聚集性分布。     

额尔齐斯河温氏指环虫的种群生态学研究

2009年4月至2010年1月对额尔齐斯河(中国段)东方欧鳊(Abramis brama orientalis Berg)鳃部寄生的温氏指环虫(Dactylogyrus wunderi Bychowsky)进行了取样调查,以期了解温氏指环虫的种群生态学特点。结果表明,温氏指环虫的总感染率为12.92%,平均感染强度为5.70(1～19)。感染率、感染强度在不同体长组的宿主中表现出不同的变化趋势,随着宿主体长(L)的增大,温氏指环虫的感染率在35cm以上的宿主中达到最大,为50%,而平均感染强度在20≤L<25的体长范围内最小,为1.75;温氏指环虫种群在不同体长组宿主中的分布类型主要为聚集分布,且各体长段宿主之间的感染强度差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

Use of parasites as biological tags for separating stocks of the starspotted dogfish Mustelus manazo in Japan and Taiwan

ABSTRACT:   The parasite fauna of Mustelus manazo from seven localitiesin Japan and Taiwan was assessed for the feasibility of using parasitesas biological tags for the identification of different host stocks.Examination of 1038 host specimens resulted in 13 parasite speciesrecorded: one nematode, two myxosporeans, two copepods and eightcestodes. Although relatively low overall prevalence of the firstfive species at different localities showed some significant differences,the samples collected in Tokyo Bay bore the lowest similarity (19.2%).These results support previous studies, which suggested the existenceof a unique host stock in Tokyo Bay. Accordingly, combinations ofprevalence data may provide useful information on stock identification.Cestodes probably have the greatest potential for use as biologicaltags. Detailed examination of 25 specimens of M .  manazo fromAomori and Tokyo Bay disclosed eight species of intestinal cestodes.A canonical discriminant analysis based on these species separatedthe two localities clearly.     

孤岛指环虫寄生于斑尾刺鱼(鱼叚)虎鱼鳃空间分布的研究

通过对斑尾刺(鱼叚)虎鱼鳃上孤岛指环虫空间分布的研究发现,随着宿主体长的增加,其平均密度、感染强度及感染率均呈下降的趋势;从春季到秋季,孤岛指环虫的平均密度、感染强度和感染率均呈上升趋势,冬季呈迅速下降的趋势;斑尾刺鱼叚虎鱼鳃上孤岛指环虫的分布频率,表明大量的孤岛指环虫寄生于少数宿主鳃上,多数宿主感染少量的孤岛指环虫;孤岛指环虫种群在不同体长的宿主和不同季节均呈聚集性分布.     

The effect of foraging and ontogeny on the prevalence and intensity of the invasive parasite Anguillicola crassus in the European eel Anguilla anguilla

Infection patterns of the invasive Anguillicola crassus nematode were investigated in a population of the European eel Anguilla anguilla where parasite invasion is very recent, Loch Lomond, Scotland. Intensity levels of the parasite were associated with differences in fish ontogeny and trophic ecology. Although eels foraged on both fish and invertebrates, individuals which were smaller and fed on invertebrates (>70% contribution to diet) were found to contain a greater number of swim bladder parasites compared to larger eel with a predominance of fish (>60% contribution) in their diet. Within affected fish, a significant negative relationship was found between fish length and parasite intensity, with smaller individuals having higher parasite intensity than larger individuals. This study indicates that food intake and infection risk are linked in this recently infected host–parasite system. From a management perspective increasing our understanding of how infection intensity and repeated exposure is linked to resource use in an ecosystem is important for the future management of this endangered species in Europe.     

The pathogenic helminth parasites of eels

Although 63 and 55 species of helminths have been reported from each species of Atlantic eel and from 29 to 19 for each species of Pacific eel only the monogeneans Pseudodactylogyrus bini and P. anguillae and the nematode Anguillicola crassus, originally specific to species of Pacific eels, can be considered serious pathogens. None of the three are normally pathogenic to their preferred natural eel host species in the wild. Pseudodactylogyrus spp. only cause serious local gill damage when present on a host in large numbers under optimal conditions that facilitate transmission. This is the case in eel aquaculture, where infections can be controlled by drugs. Anguillicola crassus is only pathogenic to Anguilla anguilla and A. rostrata when Atlantic eels are introduced to the far east or when the parasites have been introduced to Europe. Here the parasite life cycle differs in that A. crassus can infect a wide range of intermediate hosts, employ paratenic hosts and survive as larvae for months in the swimbladder wall. This makes it an excellent colonizer. Its major pathogenic effects on eels result from haemorrhaging in, and thickening of, the swimbladder wall. It reduces the oxygen concentration in the swimbladder, reducing its ability to function as a hydrostatic organ, and increases the stress response of eels. In shallow lakes at warm temperatures this can result in mass mortalities. It is also feared that the parasite affects the ability of eels to migrate to the Sargasso Sea and so contributes to the decline in eel populations. Control by drug treatment is possible in culture, but not in the wild.     

斑尾刺鰕虎鱼体内岐口福斯特吸虫的种群动态研究

通过对斑尾刺鰕虎鱼（Acanthogobius ommaturus）肠道内岐口福斯特吸虫（Faustula qikouensis）种群动态的研究发现,随着宿主体长的增加,其平均密度、感染强度及感染率均呈上升趋势;在宿主体长小于26.5cm时,其种群平均拥挤度、扩散性指标随着鱼体长的增加而增大,分布参数k值则呈减小趋势。...     

Detection of Herpesvirus anguillae during two mortality investigations of wild European eel in England: implications for fishery management

Herpesvirus anguillae (HVA) was detected during disease investigations of European eel, Anguilla anguilla L. at two stillwater fisheries in central England. These represent the first records of HVA from UK eels. Both mortalities were eel‐specific and took place during August 2009 and July 2010 at water temperatures between 17 and 19.4 °C. Pathological changes consistent with HVA infection included haemorrhaging in the fins, skin lesions and necrosis within the gills and liver. Transmission electron microscopy revealed active virion replication within the gill tissue. An initial assessment of risk is presented, indicating that HVA represents a high disease risk to UK eel stocks. However, further studies are required to establish the distribution of HVA before a reliable assessment of impact may be obtained. Until then, the detection of HVA holds important implications for eel conservation and management, in particular eel stocking activity.     

Parasitic infection of Cobitis elongatoides Băcescu & Mayer, 1969 by zoonotic metacercariae Clinostomum complanatum (Rudolphi, 1814)

An infection of zoonotic Clinostomum complanatum metacercariae with potential human transmission was recorded close to fish farms in the Tisa River Basin of Slovakia and Ukraine. The prevalence varied from 19.4% to 81.3%, and the intensity of infection varied from 7 to 41. The results of a generalized linear model predicted a positive trend for the Cobitis elongatoides host and a standard length and intensity of infection, with females having a higher number of parasites. However, no significant impact was found of the intensity of infection on Clark's condition of the host. The metacercariae were primarily located in the anterior part of the host's body. Our study also showed significant evidence that water velocity affects the number of C. complanatum metacercariae, regardless of the host's (Cobitis) microhabitat.     

Experimental selection of mebendazole-resistant gill monogeneans from the European eel, Anguilla anguilla L.

Abstract Bath treatments with mebendazolc (MBZ) are commonly used for control of pseudodactylogyrosis in intensive eel eulture systems in Europe. To assess the potential for selection of drug-resistant gill parasites in these systems, the authors have conducted a number of sub-therapeutic treatments of an anthelmintic naive population of Pseudodactylogyrus bini (Kikuchi, 1929) Gussev, 1965, and P. anguillae (Yin et Sproson, 1948) Gussev, 1965, with different eoncentrations of MBZ. Parasite populations subtherapeutically treated seven times during a 7-month period with 0.05 and 0.005 mg MBZI⁻¹ developed a high and low relative resistance to MBZ, respectively. It was shown that low temperatures decreased the effect of MBZ. In addition, the benzimidazoles albendazole and triclabendazole produced a comparatively lower parasiticidal effect, and it is suggested that treatments at low temperatures or with low effect bcnzimidazoles will increase the risk of selection of drug-resistant gill parasites in eel farms.