2004年太平洋金枪鱼渔业回眸

本文主要根据2005年8月8-19日中两太平洋渔业委员会科学委员会的报告，对2004年中西太平洋金枪鱼渔业和东太平洋金枪鱼渔业进行了回顾和分析，尤其是4种主要金枪鱼种类的生产情况。同时对金枪鱼渔业的经济状况进行了分析比较，本文对我国远洋渔业的生产单位有一定的参考作用。     

金枪鱼渔业生产回顾与分析

根据2006年金枪鱼渔业年鉴和中西太平洋金枪鱼委员会的会议资料,将近年来的金枪鱼生产情况作一个简单汇总和分析,供国内远洋渔业生产单位参考.     

美国金枪鱼渔业及其加工业

美国金枪鱼渔业美国金枪鱼渔业已有80多年历史,美国金枪鱼渔业开始阶段,主要在南加利福尼亚一带水域进行作业。由于加工业对金枪鱼需求量不断增加,鼓励渔民到远海寻找和开发金枪鱼。70年代中期以前,美金枪鱼渔业生产稳定上升,1983年之前,大型金枪鱼渔船建造,冷冻设备的发展,捕捞能力一直在扩大,捕捞方法也发生了变化。 60年代初,新型金枪鱼围网船开始进入金枪鱼捕捞船队,50年代末和60年代初,一些饵料船转向围网生产,渔获量较大,当渔     

我国金枪鱼渔业发展现状及其开发前景

本文概述了世界金枪鱼渔业和金枪鱼渔船的发展情况，说明金枪鱼渔业在世界海洋渔业中所占有的重要经济地位；通过介绍我国金枪鱼渔业发展的现状，论速了我国金枪鱼渔业进一步发展的必要性和可能性、加速发展我国金枪鱼渔业应选择的途径和应采取的措施；阐明我国金枪鱼渔业有着美好的发展前景。     

日本金枪鱼渔业

为寻求我国金枪鱼类养殖发展途径 ,笔者依据近年英国《国际养鱼》、《国际渔业新闻》、《世界渔业》、《国际海鲜》和美国《太平洋渔业》、日本《养殖》各期刊所发表的文献 ,对日本金枪鱼类生产概况、贸易走向、消费态势、养殖现状予以简要介绍 ,谨供参考。1　日本金枪鱼类渔业与消费1 .1　世界金枪鱼类渔业概况在日本 ,金枪鱼类一般单指金枪鱼属Ｔｈｕｎｎｕｓ鱼类。不过 ,在全球多数国家 ,尤其在欧美各国 ,金枪鱼类一般泛指属于金枪鱼属 7种鱼类和属于鲣属Ｋａｔｓｕｗｏｎｕｓ等其它 5属 8种鱼类。金枪鱼类广泛分布于太平洋、大西洋、印…     

2008年中西太平洋金枪鱼渔业

本文根据中西太平洋渔业委员会科学委员第五次定期会议的报告和太平洋社区秘书处的报告，介绍了2008年中西太平洋金枪鱼渔业的生产情况、经济分析、4种主要金枪鱼资源评估以及中西太平洋金枪鱼管理面临的问题。     

东太平洋金枪鱼渔业及管理概况

一、概述 东太平洋金枪鱼渔业具有悠久的历史。20世纪初叶,美国加利福尼亚州圣佩德罗市就开始生产金枪鱼罐头食品,并发展迅速,二战前,东太平洋的金枪鱼比重已占全世界金枪鱼产量的60％以上;二战期间,渔捞努力量和渔获量都急剧下降,战后藉助于渔业投资,渔船数和金枪鱼总产量又获得迅速增长。     

世界金枪鱼延绳钓渔业4团体一致同意互相合作

鲣鱼、金枪鱼类资源是为人类的重要食品，是为世界渔业者的宝贵经营资源。为了加强对处于资源恶化的金枪鱼类资源的管理；为了金枪鱼渔业的可持续发展和经营的稳定；为了金枪鱼渔业者之间的互相合作。世界远洋金枪鱼延绳钓渔业4团体的日本鲣鱼金枪鱼渔业协同组合（日鲣渔协），韩国远洋渔业协会金枪鱼延绳钓渔业委员会，中国渔业协会远洋渔业分会，[第一段]     

加纳共和国金枪鱼渔业概况

本文搜集了有关资料,介绍了加纳金枪鱼渔业的资源、生产、出口与加工及其相应的政策法规等情况,为了解非洲的金枪鱼渔业现状提供了信息。     

金枪鱼延绳钓的渔具和渔法

金枪鱼是大洋暖水性大型经济鱼类,其肉味鲜美,营养丰富,深受人们的青睐。世界上很多国家都从事金枪鱼的生产。1988年,中远渔业有限公司与贝劳共和国合作在贝劳海域进行金枪鱼延绳钓生产,既填补了我国远洋渔业金枪鱼延绳钓的空白,也为我国今后发展金枪鱼渔业摸索出了很多宝贵经验。下面就介绍一下金枪鱼延绳钓。一、渔区。贝劳共和国是由西南太平洋加罗林群     

Esophagoscopy and gastroscopy in dogs and cats. Technics and indications

A report is presented of esophagoscopy and gastroscopy in cats and dogs using flexible endoscopes. Following consideration of the basic equipment, an account is given of patient preparation and anesthesia, topography, investigation technique and normal findings. Diagnostic potential, indications and risks involved are discussed.     

虾蟹血淋巴的抽取与固定

随着人们对甲壳动物生理生态学研究的逐步深入,尤其是与免疫应答密切联系的血液生理学领域被广泛关注.抽取和固定血淋巴,成为进行血液学研究必不可少的步骤.那么如何更好地抽取和固定血淋巴呢,本文以虾蟹为例做了总结,以供参考.     

中国鲟鱼的保护、管理与产业化

1　世界现存鲟鱼的种类和资源鲟鱼是一类起源早、具有重要科学研究价值和极高经济价值的稀有物种 ,多数种类个体大 ,半数种为溯河洄游产卵鱼类。按目前较为公认的分类系统 ,现存鲟鱼类有 2科 6属 2 7个种 ,隶属于硬骨鱼纲、软骨硬鳞总目、鲟形目 (Acipenseriformes) ,其中鲟属有 17个种 ,主要经济种类在其中。它们全部分布于北半球 ,现存 9个自然分布区为 :太平洋东岸、北美大湖地区、大西洋西北部、北美密西西比河流域和墨西哥湾、大西洋东北部、里海地区、西伯利亚及北冰洋流域、黑龙江和日本海、长江和珠江。鲟鱼自然种群资源稀少 ,在过…     

Achieving sustainable aquaculture: Historical and current perspectives and future needs and challenges

Important operational changes that have gradually been assimilated and new approaches that are developing as part of the movement toward sustainable intensive aquaculture production systems are presented via historical, current, and future perspectives. Improved environmental and economic sustainability based on increased efficiency of production continues to be realized. As a result, aquaculture continues to reduce its carbon footprint through reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Reduced use of freshwater and land resources per unit of production, improved feed management practices as well as increased knowledge of nutrient requirements, effective feed ingredients and additives, domestication of species, and new farming practices are now being applied or evaluated. Successful expansion into culture of marine species, both off and on shore, offers the potential of substantial increases in sustainable intensive aquaculture production combined with integrative efforts to increase efficiency will principally contribute to satisfying the increasing global demand for protein and food security needs.     

Food habits and growth of silver and bighead carp in cages and ponds

Analysis of intestinal contents of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) showed that silver carp consumed primarily phytoplankton while bighead carp consumed large quantities of zooplankton and detritus in addition to phytoplankton. The size of particles filtered by the bighead carp was larger (17–3,000 μm) than that filtered by silver carp (8–100 μm). Artificial feed was readily consumed by bighead carp but not by silver carp. No growth difference was indicated for silver carp in fertilized ponds and ponds receiving artificial feed. Growth of bighead carp increased substantially with the addition of artificial feed. Silver carp grew more rapidly in cages than bighead carp.     

虾蟹专用肥的研究开发及应用

20 0 1年 ,江苏省高邮市农林局与中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心及扬州市春申生物化工有限公司共同承担了江苏省水产更新工程项目———“虾、蟹专用肥料的开发研究与推广”。经项目组人员的共同努力 ,现已顺利完成项目任务 ,研究开发的虾、蟹专用肥在试用和大面积推广应用中取得了显著效果。虾、蟹专用肥已被列为江苏省第一批无公害水产品基地拟用鱼药、饲料推荐产品 ;也是江苏省水产技术推广站、安徽省水产技术推广站、江苏省高邮市农林局、江苏省兴化市水产局、江苏省宝应县水产局、安徽寿县水产局等十多个水产行政主管和技术推广部…     

Fish assemblage associations and thresholds with existing and projected oil and gas development

Energy development threatens fish and wildlife resources worldwide. This study used constrained ordinations to show fish assemblage structure associated with oil and gas well densities in the Colorado River Basin, Wyoming, but well densities explained only 6.4% of assemblage structure when compared to other factors. Threshold Indicator Taxonomic ANalysis showed significant negative threshold responses by some species to small levels of development (<0.15 wells km^?2), whereas positive thresholds were less distinct. Some native and imperilled species could be disproportionately affected if future oil and gas development proceeds in a manner that will impact aquatic resources. Although existing development has not substantially influenced regional fish assemblage structure, it appears to affect a subset of species. Understanding assemblage‐level responses to development can help land managers determine appropriate development levels, prioritise areas for monitoring associated with future development and identify where land protection measures may be needed to offset potential risks.     

加快城乡统筹，推进我国农垦体制创新与经济发展的研究与思考

“十一五”以来，我国农垦加快体制机制改革、结构调整和经济增长方式的转变的步伐，参与市场竞争，努力提升企业和产品竞争力，经济社会事业发展较快，对国家的贡献提升，职工收入、生活质量明显提高和改善，示范引领作用不断增强。本文针对农垦体制机制创新进展滞缓，战略定位与发展方向不明，经济增长方式转变和结构调整缺乏资本、人才、技术的支撑，没有处理好改革、发展、稳定、民生的关系，投资匮乏，发展后劲不足，人才短缺和劳动力素质低下的现状，提出在未来农垦体制机制创新中要特别关注改革方向、目标设定与评估，改革要在现行法律法规的框架内运作，改革时机的选择，处理好改革发展稳定与民生的关系，调整好内部利益分配关系，自觉融入区域经济，与地方协同发展等问题。为了促进农垦的发展，建议国家加大对农垦体制机制创新、现代农业建设、国有农场土地资源的保护、社会保障体系的完善等财政和政策的支持力度。     

Gar biology and culture: status and prospects

Many lepisosteid populations in North America have declined and many are now threatened as a consequence of habitat loss and alteration and commercial and sport overfishing. Over the last two decades, morphological, histological and molecular studies allowed distinguishing between different phases of development and the nutritional condition of larvae. Ontogeny of the digestive enzymes of gar larvae indicated the possibility to feed them artificial feeds since early developmental stages. An in vitro digestibility system to test different feed ingredients has been used. Important characteristics of artificial diets were identified through different feeding experiments. Endocrinological studies showed the feasibility of altering larval development and the digestive capacity of larvae. Cloning of gar growth hormone opened new avenues to enhance growth in the gars. Plasmatic vitellogenin was isolated and purified, to develop a competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, which allowed the straightforward separation of males from females to establish appropriate proportions for reproduction and also was used to evaluate hormonal protocols to induce gonad recrudescence and spawning. This review analyzes the biology, ecology and physiology of different gar species as a basis for their domestication, mass production of larvae for repopulation experiments and for the culture of commercial‐size gar.