美国银斑生物学特性与池塘养殖

1.美国银斑的生物学特性 美国银斑又称斑点鲈,学名为黑莓鲈(Pomoxisnigromacufastus),分类上属鲈形目,日鲈科,莓鲈属.该鱼盛产于北美地区,自然分布广,东西跨越整个美国.该鱼体形侧扁,体型近似广东鲂,但鱼体短一些,体较高,头短小,口小,口上位,眼大,眼中部有一垂直黑色条纹,侧线完全明显,尾柄稍长低位,背鳍、尾鳍、胸鳍、腹鳍、臀鳍发达,背鳍鳍棘6枚,臀鳍鳍棘5枚,尾鳍呈扇形末端稍凹,头背部为橄榄色或灰绿色,两侧腹部多为银灰白色,鳞片光鲜发亮,在头部和体侧有不规则的黑斑,体色鲜艳明亮.     

热带鱼养殖品种介绍(四)珍珠鱼

珍珠鱼别名马甲鱼、马山克鱼、彩石线鳍鱼；属攀鲈科毛腹鱼属；产于泰国、马来西亚、苏门达腊等地。 1形态特征 成鱼体长 12 cm左右，呈长椭圆形，侧扁，尤其在腹侧更扁。背鳍高而短，有 5～ 7根鳍棘， 8～ 10根鳍条；臀鳍很长，始于胸部，终止于近尾鳍处，有 12～ 14根鳍棘， 25～ 30根鳍条；胸鳍圆扇形，有 9根鳍条；腹鳍的鳍棘变成一根细长的丝，它能前后转动，有触觉功能；尾鳍后缘稍向内凹。侧线鳞 30～ 37片。 体呈灰蓝色，胸部稍缀黄，在全侧中部自吻通过眼至尾鳍基部有一条黑色纵纹，尾柄基部有一黑色圆斑，体侧密布银色的圆珠形…     

优良新品种—金鲈和银鲈

原产澳大利亚的金鲈和银鲈,象一对孪生姐妹,是我国淡水名贵鱼——鳜鱼的近亲,同属鲈形目。它们的外形很象鳜鱼,背鳍前部为鳍棘,后部为鳍条,背鳍和臀鳍都有尖锐的硬棘。都具有细栉鳞。一、形态特征金鲈体侧扁,头小,吻尖,口裂大,尾鳍圆。背部深棕色或青铜色,腹部变淡呈黄白色,鳍黄色或淡红色。体长可达76厘米,体重达23公斤,但一般小于5公斤;银鲈头小,眼     

红小丑鱼人工繁育技术要点

<正>红小丑鱼属鲈形目、雀鲷科、海葵鱼属,是小丑鱼的一种。最大体长14厘米,背鳍鳍棘(总数)9~10条,背鳍软条(总数)16~18条,臀鳍鳍棘2条,臀鳍软条13~15条。成鱼体呈椭圆形而侧扁,吻短而钝。眼中大,上侧位。口大,上颌骨末端不及眼前缘;齿单列,齿端具缺刻。背鳍单一,软条部延长而呈方形;尾鳍呈扇形,上下叶外侧鳍条不延长呈丝状。成鱼体黑色,头部、     

宁夏鳉形目鱼类1新纪录种——青鳉

2004年6月于宁夏银川市郊区稻田采集鳉科标本48尾,测量16尾青鳉。全长24~37 mm;体长19~31 mm。经生物学测定:背鳍i-5;臀鳍iii-16-19;胸鳍i-7-9;腹鳍i-5-6;尾鳍7 6;纵列鳞27-30。第一鳃弓外侧鳃耙8-10;肠/标准长1/3,腹腔膜黑色。体长为体高的4·0~4·8倍,为头长的3·4~4·0倍,为     

热带鱼养殖品种介绍

二十六玻璃拉拉鱼别名印度玻璃鱼，属双边鱼科阔嘴鱼属鱼类，产地：印度、孟加拉、缅甸等地。１形态特征身长５厘米，身体较宽，且侧扁略呈椭圆形，头小，吻圆，眼睛较大。背鳍２个，第一背鳍较高，略似三角形，由７根鳍棘组成，第２背鳍紧接第１背鳍，由１根鳍棘和１２～１５根软鳍条组成；尾鳍叉形臀鳍较长，起点约在腹部的中央，终止点约与第２背鳍终点相对，由３根鳍棘和１３～１５根鳍条组成；腹鳍位于胸部，稍后于胸鳍的下方，有１根鳍棘及５根锯条；胸鳍长圆形，有９～１０根锯条。侧线鳞６０～７０片。整个身体呈透明状，在灯…     

虱鮣Phtheirichthys lineatus(Menzies)——中国鱼类区系新记录

2015年4月8日在南海南沙群岛乐斯暗沙附近海域(11°20°N、114°30°E)采集到1 ind鮣科鱼类标本,经鉴定为虱鮣Phtheirichthys lineatus(Menzies,1791),隶属鲈形目(Perciformes),鲈亚目(Percoidei),鮣科(Echeneidae),虱鮣属(Phtheirichthys)。是南海鱼类新纪录的属和种,也是中国鱼类新纪录的属和种。虱鮣属全世界仅有1种,其主要特征如下:体很长,体长为体高的13倍。胸鳍尖,腹鳍胸位,起点在胸鳍基的后下方。臀鳍基长,臀鳍条30。尾鳍截形,上下叶边缘灰白色。尾柄延长,肛前提倡较肛后体长为短。吸盘小,具11对软骨板,体长为吸盘长约5.8倍。     

东海中部臀棘鲷属鱼类新纪录种

2006年4月,于东海中部(27.00°N,124.50°E)海域采获一批臀棘鲷属(Paratrachichthys Waite 1899)鱼类标本,经鉴定为前肛臀棘鲷(Paratrachichthys prosthemius Jordan et Fowler 1902)。经检索该鱼为上述海域的新纪录种。其主要鉴别特征:背鳍Ⅴ～Ⅵ-13～14;臀鳍Ⅲ-9;腹鳍Ⅰ-6;胸鳍Ⅰ-Ⅱ;尾鳍不分枝鳍条10～11,分枝鳍条20;腹鳍与臀鳍间具10个棱棘状鳞;侧线鳞数54～56。体长为体高2.6～3.0倍,为头长2.7～2.9倍。头长为吻长5.6～6.5倍,为眼径2.9～3.5倍,为眼间隔3.3～3.6倍。尾柄长为尾柄高1.3～1.7倍。体侧扁,呈椭圆形;体被小栉鳞,头部无鳞;侧线完全,近似平直;肛门位于腹鳍间。生物学主要特性为:平均体长为74.40 mm,优势体长组为60～80 mm,占80.00%,性腺成熟度达Ⅴ级和Ⅵ级的占100%,摄食等级以1级和2级为主,合计占90.00%。体重与体长相关关系为BW=3.1936×10~(-5)BL~(3.0019)(R=0.9351)。     

棘头梅童鱼形态特征及其相关生物学参数分析

对捕捞自闽东海域的209尾体质量7.70～66.09 g、体长79.88～150.70 mm的棘头梅童鱼的外部形态、可数性状和可量性状进行了研究,分析了形态特征参数间的相关关系。结果表明：(1)棘头梅童鱼鱼体呈长椭圆形,侧扁,背部呈浅弧形;头大而圆钝,额部隆起;口大,口裂倾斜度大;吻短钝,眼小;头部及体部被薄圆鳞,鳞小;侧线发达,略呈弧形;背侧面灰黄色,腹侧面金黄色,鳃腔上部深黑色;唇橙红色,口腔浅色。背鳍鳍棘部边缘及尾鳍末端为灰黑色,各鳍为淡黄色。(2)全长、肛前长、尾柄长、头长、眼径、头高、体高、尾柄高、眼后头长和体质量与体长存在极显著相关关系(P<0.01),体宽与体长存在显著相关关系(P<0.05)。(3)以体长为自变量、各参数为因变量进行拟合处理,结果显示,全长、肛前长、尾柄长、头长、眼径、体高、体宽和眼后头长与体长呈指数相关,而尾柄高、头高与体长呈线性相关,其中体质量(W)与体长(S_l)的拟合方程为：W=4.506 5×10^-6S_l^{3.290 7}(R²=...     

黄海中南部狮子鱼种类的分析

于在黄海中南部海域采集的23尾体色花纹各异的狮子鱼标本,利用形态学和线粒体DNA细胞色素氧化酶Ⅰ亚基因(COⅠ)相结合的方法,对黄海中南部海域狮子鱼种类进行了分析。结果显示,22尾标本在可数性状和可量性状,如背鳍、尾鳍、臀鳍、胸鳍、幽门盲囊、头长/体长、头长/吻长、眼间隔/眼径、体高/体长等,属于细纹狮子鱼的范畴。其中4尾标本体表覆盖明显黑褐色横斑。5尾体表覆盖不规则斑纹,眼部存在放射性白色条带,头部及尾部存在明显的纵纹。9尾在头部或体侧具有褐色或者黑褐色细点,臀鳍黑色,尾鳍基部有1白斑。4尾体表尾红褐色,具有纵行细纹,背鳍、尾鳍、臀鳍及胸鳍外缘灰黑色;另1尾根据可数性状判断,其属于网纹狮子鱼,头部和体背部具有大小不等的白色小圆斑,尾长形、后端圆凸,背鳍基部两侧具有6–7个密集的斑点。COⅠ分析也具有相同的结果,其中22尾细纹狮子鱼之间的遗传距离为0.002–0.003,与网纹狮子鱼的遗传距离为0.134,与其他种类如戴氏狮子鱼、细尾狮子鱼、光皮狮子鱼等的遗传距离较近,为0.057–0.067。     

大泷六线鱼的外形特征与消化系统结构

观察并描述了大泷六线鱼的外部形态特征,详细测量了30个个体的大泷六线鱼外部形态参数,进行了相关关系分析;并解剖观察了其消化系统结构特征。外部形态参数全长(LT)与体长(LB)相关关系为LB=0.8489LT+1.0309(R2=0.978),体长与体重的关系为W=0.0211LB2.9927,(R2=0.8337),其余形态参数相关性较低;可数性状背鳍、臀鳍、腹鳍、胸鳍、尾鳍鳍条数分别为38～43、18～22、5～7、17～18、13～15;侧线5条;第3侧线鳞数80～128;第1鳃弓鳃耙数16～19;消化系统结构特征:口咽腔较小,颌齿发达;食道短粗;胃发达,具有27～36个幽门盲囊;胃发达且分化明显,肠在腹腔内呈两个盘曲,肠长/体长为0.801±0.01,表明大泷六线鱼为典型的肉食性鱼类。     

瓯江产唇(鱼骨)的早期形态发育研究

试验结果表明,受精卵授精后120 h,仔鱼开始出膜,初孵仔鱼(体长5.6~6.8 mm,平均体长6.35 mm)鱼体透明,体表和卵黄囊均无黑色素分布,尾鳍透明光滑,具口凹和眼色素并形成胸鳍原基,至卵黄被完全吸收时胸鳍鳍条开始形成,至28日龄时仔鱼各鳍发育完全,肌节数38~42。根据卵黄囊存在的情况和脊索的弯曲程度将仔鱼划分为卵黄囊仔鱼、前弯曲期仔鱼、弯曲期仔鱼、后弯曲期仔鱼。仔鱼眼径与头长比呈递减趋势,进入后弯曲期,体长迅速增加(≥11.8 mm)。唇鱼骨仔鱼体背与体侧黑色素由背鳍下方向尾部扩散,继而由中部至头部扩散。胸鳍附近最早出现鳞片,然后向后侧覆盖,最后在腹部出现鳞片。     

Meristic character counts and incidence of skeletal anomalies in the wild Diplodus puntazzo (Cetti, 1777) of an area of the south-eastern Mediterranean Sea

The sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo, Cetti 1777) is a species rarely found in coastal areas of Sicily, but is important in Mediterranean aquaculture. In order to detect the number of meristic characters and the main types of body deformation, 588 specimens of sharpsnout seabream were collected from a coastal zone of south-east Sicily (Licata, AG—Italy). Different sized classes were examined and the relationship between size and the number of meristic characters (number of fin rays) was found. The number of vertebrae, anal fin hard rays and dorsal fin hard rays was constant and did not vary with size. Seventeen types of skeletal and fin anomalies were observed, but no grave anomalies were found, such as the absence of a swimbladder, lordosis, kyphosis and calculi in the terminal tract of the urinary duct. The most prevalent anomalies were associated with the fins, especially E7 (pectoral fin rays), F7 (anal fin rays) and I7 (dorsal fin soft rays). There was no correlation between frequency of anomaly and size class. The malformation index was 4.54.     

美洲鲥仔稚鱼脊柱及附肢骨骼系统的早期发育

使用软骨-硬骨双染色技术,描述了美洲鲥(Alosa sapidissima)仔稚鱼(1~51日龄)脊柱、胸鳍、尾鳍、背鳍等附肢骨骼的形态发育特征。结果显示,脊柱的发育开始于10日龄仔鱼尾部的髓弓、脉弓和尾下骨的出现,16日龄髓弓和脉弓延伸形成髓棘和脉棘,19日龄脊柱出现分节的硬骨环,23日龄所有椎体形成。各附鳍支鳍骨发育顺序先后依次为胸鳍、尾鳍、背鳍、臀鳍和腹鳍。胸鳍在2日龄时出现乌喙骨,13日龄形成软骨质的胸鳍支鳍骨,19日龄仔鱼肩带和上匙骨开始骨化;尾鳍的尾下骨最早出现在5日龄,12日龄尾鳍形成2枚尾上骨、1枚尾杆骨和6枚尾下骨,19日龄仔鱼尾椎和尾鳍率先开始骨化,直至23日龄尾鳍骨骼系统钙化完全。最终背鳍和臀鳍分别形成18和22根鳍条。美洲鲥骨骼发育研究对其早期发育功能趋向、环境优化及分类鉴定有重要作用。     

Fin development in stream- and hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon

To determine the effect of development and environment on fin growth, we measured fin lengths of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from two hatcheries (August, October and April–May), stream-reared fish (July and October) stocked as fry into two tributaries, and smolts from the main stem of the Connecticut River (May). For stream-reared parr, there was a linear relationship between the dorsal, caudal and anal fins with fork length, while the pectoral, pelvic and adipose fins exhibited a curvilinear relationship with fork length. Parr from a high gradient stream had larger caudal fins than fish from a low gradient stream, but other fins did not differ. Regression lines for the fins of stream-reared smolts were all linear when fin length was regressed against fork length. Stream-reared parr had larger pectoral, pelvic and anal fins than smolts of similar size while dorsal and caudal fin lengths did not differ. Regression equations formulated using the fins of stream-reared parr were used to calculate the percent difference (100×observed fin length/expected) in fin lengths between stream- and hatchery-reared parr. The pelvic, adipose, caudal and anal fins of hatchery-reared parr showed no signs of degeneration by the first sampling period 7 months after hatching, whereas degeneration in the pectoral (13–20%) and dorsal (15–18%) fins was evident at this time. By the end of the study, degeneration was present in every fin except the adipose, with the pectoral (35–65%) and dorsal (32–58%) fins exhibiting the greatest amount of fin loss. All fins of hatchery-reared parr became shorter with time. There were minor differences in fin degeneration among parr from the two hatcheries, but the overall pattern of decreasing fin size was similar, indicating a common cause of fin degeneration. Comparison of stream- and hatchery-reared fish is a valuable means of determining the impact of captive environments on fin growth.     

尼罗尖吻鲈(Lates niloticus L.)的形态和生物学特性

解剖观察自埃及引进的尼罗尖吻鲈(Lates niloticus L.),对其形态特征做了详细记录,并在养殖过程中对生物学特性做了观察。尼罗尖吻鲈体延长,侧扁;DⅦ~Ⅷ,10~14。前鳃盖下缘有强棘;鳃盖后缘呈锯齿状,有一硬棘。被鳞为栉鳞,中等大小,侧线清晰与体背缘平行,具侧线鳞60~80枚。尾鳍圆滑不分叉。成鱼鱼体银白色,并有暗色条纹,幼鱼背部大多有青黑色斑块,下半部银色。消化道粗短,与体长之比约为0.66。尼罗尖吻鲈是热带种类,肉食性,适宜生长温度为26~32℃,生长速度快,一般2~3年性成熟。     

Ontogeny of the shi drum Umbrina cirrosa (Linnaeus 1758), a candidate new species for aquaculture

The ontogeny of shi drum Umbrina cirrosa (Linnaeus 1758), a candidate new species for aquaculture, was studied throughout the entire larval phase. Geometric morphometric analysis revealed two clear inflection points (7.0 and 12.7 mm total length, TL) in the shape ontogeny of this species, separating the studied period into three phases of different allometric priorities. Spline graphs demonstrated that the major non‐uniform shape ontogeny correlated with the development of the fins, the anterior dorsal area of the body, the caudal peduncle, the eye and the mouth. Concerning the morphological features, shi drum larvae are characterized by an upward anterior bending of the notochord. The ontogeny of the fins began with the formation of the pectoral buds (2.9 mm TL), continued with the notochord flexion (4.3 mm TL, associated with the caudal fin development), the appearance of the pelvic buds, the first anal rays (4.5 mm TL) and the first dorsal rays (4.8 mm TL). Shi drum juveniles presented 25 vertebrae and the following dominant fin types: D XI,23, AII,6, VI,5, P17 and C17.     

Can calcein and alizarin complexone be used for double immersion marking of juvenile qingbo <Emphasis Type="Italic">Spinibarbus sinensis</Emphasis>?

Calcein (CAL) from 50 to 250 mg/l and alizarin complexone (ALC) from 100 to 300 mg/l were used for double immersion marking of juvenile qingbo Spinibarbus sinensis. With the exception of the scales, double immersion for 24 h produced detectable double marks in otoliths (sagittas and asterisci), barbs, fin rays (dorsal, pectoral, ventral, anal, and caudal), and fin spines (dorsal, pectoral, ventral, and anal) after 90 days in a laboratory growth experiment. Green fluorescent rings produced by CAL were considerably closer to the inside of the bony structures (including otoliths, barbs, fin rays, and fin spines) than red fluorescent rings produced by ALC. Sagittas, asterisci, and barbs showed acceptable fluorescent marks at higher concentrations (250 mg/l CAL and ≥ 200 mg/l ALC, ≥ 200 mg/l CAL and 300 mg/l ALC, 150–250 mg/l CAL and 250–300 mg/l ALC, respectively). Fin rays and fin spines treated by 200 mg/l CAL and 250 mg/l ALC and 250 mg/l CAL and 300 mg/l ALC simultaneously had both acceptable CAL and ALC marks. There was no statistically significant difference on the survival or growth of marked fish compared to the controls throughout the experiment (p > 0.05). The results suggest that double immersion with CAL and ALC is suitable for double mass-marking of juvenile S. sinensis, and these double marks are useful in the experimental development of biological research or restocking methodologies.     

鳜仔稚鱼骨骼系统骨化发育

采用软骨―硬骨双染色技术,描述了鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)仔稚鱼(1～35日龄)头骨、脊柱、附肢骨骼的骨化发育特征。结果显示:(1)头骨前鳃盖骨于14日龄最先骨化, 15日龄上下颌骨骨化,且上下颌骨相对长度呈现连续变化过程。17日龄后,颌齿、关节骨、舌颌骨骨化;19日龄,隅骨、间鳃盖骨、鳃盖骨、鳃条骨、额骨骨化。20日龄后,方骨、下鳃盖骨、辅上颌骨等骨化; 35日龄,头骨骨化基本完成。(2)脊柱于15日龄由前向后骨化, 20日龄背肋与腹肋由基部向末端骨化, 29日龄骨化完成。脉弓与脉棘、髓弓与髓棘均由前向后、由基部向末端骨化,脉棘与髓棘骨化时间晚于相应的椎体。(3)附肢骨骼骨化顺序依次为胸鳍、背鳍、臀鳍、腹鳍、尾鳍。胸鳍匙骨于16日龄骨化,乌喙骨与肩胛骨于25日龄骨化;背鳍、臀鳍分别于18日龄、20日龄骨化,骨化方式相似;腹鳍于23日龄骨化,骨化方式与胸鳍相反;尾杆骨、尾下骨于25日龄骨化,附肢骨骼于35日龄基本骨化完成。结果表明,鳜骨骼骨化发育与其早期运动、摄食与御敌等行为密切相关。     

滇池鲤4种年龄鉴定材料的比较

为确定鉴定滇池鲤（Cyprinus carpio）年龄的适宜材料,对4种年龄鉴定材料（耳石、鳞片、胸鳍条和鳃盖骨）的形态和年轮标志进行了描述,并对这4种钙化组织鉴定鲤年龄的一致性进行了探讨。2013年5、6、8-11月以及2014年3-7月,使用拖网采集云南滇池鲤584尾,体长范围7.5~50.5 cm,体重范围17.2~3 211.3 g。其中耳石采集于584尾样本,鳃盖骨和鳞片分别采集于276尾样本,胸鳍条采集于274尾样本。微耳石磨片轮纹清晰,在反射光下呈明暗相间的条纹,年龄标志明显。同一鉴定者2次年龄读数的吻合率,微耳石磨片轮最高（88.0%),鳞片次之(84.1%),胸鳍条和鳃盖骨则分别为73.7%和72.1%。2次读龄的平均误差百分比,微耳石磨片和鳞片较小,分别为2.6%和2.9%;胸鳍条和鳃盖骨较高,分别为4.7%和5.9%。以微耳石磨片年龄读数为基准,鳞片年龄读数与其吻合率最高(77.5%),平均变异系数最低(6.14%);鳃盖骨和胸鳍条与其吻合率分别为61.9%和56.2%,平均变异系数均超过12%。综合分析认为,耳石是滇池鲤年龄鉴定的最佳材料,鉴定4龄以下个体年龄时可使用鳞片,鳃盖骨和胸鳍条则不适于滇池鲤的年龄鉴定。