Isolation, cloning, sequencing of brain type aromatase and its expression in male and female Wrasse, Pseudolabrus sieboldi

Pseudolabrus sieboldi, wrasse being a diurnal spawner provides a good opportunity to study the endocrine mechanism of estrogen formation in brain and gonads. Moreover, an extremely large amount of E2 was produced in serum and testis of wrasse. It is assumed that the presence of E2 may play a major role in diurnal gametogenesis in male fish. In this study brain type aromatase have been isolated, cloned and sequenced from the brain of wrasse. Further, the expression pattern of brain type aromatase in gonads and adult tissue of male and female fish have been analyzed. In addition, the diurnal expression pattern of brain type aromatase in both male and female fish brain during spawning season have been analyzed. The P450arom (br) was isolated, cloned and sequenced from both male and female bamboleaf wrasse. The P450arom (br) gene (1877 sequenced nucleotide) contains an ORF of 1470 bp, a 5′-UTR of 18 bp and at least 407 bp in 3′-UTR. The amino acid sequence homology in the coding region of wrasse P450arom (br) is high compared to that of medaka, Oryzias latipes (80%), rainbow trout type 2, Oncorhynchu mykiss (78.2%), fugu, Takifugu ribripes (78%) rainbow trout type 1, (76%), goldfish, Carassius auratus (66.8%) and zebrafish, Danio rerio (66.2%). Expression study reveals that P450arom (br) mRNA were most abundant in brains of both male and female fish throughout the day during the spawning season. RT-PCR study revealed that P450arom (br) was expressed in skin, anal fin and tail fin of both male and female wrasse. P450arom (br) was not detected at any time of the spawning day in either ovary or testis of wrasse.     

Aromatase (P450arom) and 11β-hydroxylase (P45011β) genes are differentially expressed during the sex change process of the protogynous rice field eel, monopterus albus

Steroids are known to play a crucial role in gonadal sex differentiation in many non-mammalian vertebrates, but also in the gonadal sex change of hermaphroditic teleosts. We investigated the expression of two genes encoding key steroidogenic enzymes, i.e., cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450arom) and cytochrome P45011β-hydroxylase (P45011β), during the sex change of the protogynous rice field eel, Monopterus albus. Using RT-PCR with degenerate primers, we cloned rice field eel homologous fragments for both genes (rcP450arom and rcP45011β) as indicated by the high level of homology with P450arom and P45011β sequences from various vertebrates. Gonadal expression of rcP450arom and rcP45011β mRNA levels were then assessed during the sex change by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and a real-time RT-PCR. rcP450arom was predominantly expressed in ovary, much less in ovotestis, and barely in testis. Conversely, P45011β was markedly up-regulated at the onset of testicular development. These findings underline that regulation of steroidogenesis is an important process in the sex change of protogynous rice field eel, and they clearly indicate that the concomitant down-regulation of P450arom and up-regulation of P45011β are of pivotal importance to the sex change of this species.     

黄鳝脑芳香化酶基因cDNA的克隆及组织表达特异性分析

根据NCBI数据库报道的黄鳝芳香化酶基因的gDNA序列,设计了一对特异性引物.用Trizol试剂盒提取黄鳝脑总RNA,反转录获得cDNA第一条链,进行PCR扩增.扩增产物经过回收、连接、测序后得到了一条长1514 bp的芳香化酶基因cDNA序列.同源性比较表明该基因属于脑型P450aromB,与其他鱼类脑型P450aromB的同源性较高(>70%),与性腺型P450aromA的同源性较低(<60%),与自身性腺型芳香化酶同源性为59.5%.采用RT-PCR的方法对该基因在雄性黄鳝的各组织表达情况进行了分析,结果表明,该基因的转录本较高的表达于脑和精巢中,较低的在皮肤中表达,而在肝脏、心脏、小肠、肌肉等组织中没有检测到该基因的表达.     

Immunolocalization of steroidogenic enzymes (P450scc, P450c17, P450arom) in gonad of Japanese eel

Antibodies against P450scc, P450c17 and P450arom were generated using recombinant proteins. In eel testis, P450scc and P450c17 were immunolocalized as clusters in Leydig cells. In vitellogenic eel ovary, P450scc and P450c17 immunoreactive cells were localized as clusters in the outer layer of the ovarian follicle. In contrast, P450arom seemed to be immunolocalized in the innermost follicle layer.     

Molecular mechanism of P450c17‐II (17, 20‐lyase) regulating gonad development in female Cynoglossus semilaevis

Cytochrome P450c17 (CYP17, 17α‐hydroxylase/17,20‐lyase) is a critical enzyme in the production of androgens and estrogens in vertebrates. A 2102 bp full‐length cDNA of P450c17‐II (CYP17A2) has been isolated from the ovary of half‐smooth tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis which encodes 524 amino acids. The putative P450c17‐II enzyme shares higher sequence identity with those of teleosts than with P450c17‐I of vertebrate. The similarity between the two types of tongue sole P450c17 was 48%.Semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR analysis of spatial expression showed the enzyme was specifically expressed in the ovary and the head kidney. However, temporal expression shows that P450c17‐II can be found in the brain. Furthermore, temporal expression pattern of P450c17‐II in ovary and brain revealed developmental stage‐dependency, and ovary P450c17‐II expressed remarkably throughout the whole reproductive cycle. Otherwise, the expression pattern of P450c17‐II in head kidney indicated negative ovary development‐dependence. In addition, combined with our data on P450c17‐I, T and E₂ levels, the results further endorse the critical role of P450c17‐II during shift in steroidogenesis, suggesting that P450c17‐I and ‐II may act together to this physiological process. Based on the present study, we indicate an important role for P450c17‐II during ovarian development.     

多鳞铲颌鱼RPL34基因3’端序列的克隆与表达

采用同源克隆和cDNA末端快速扩增技术,从多鳞铲颌鱼雄生殖腺中首次克隆得到核糖体蛋白L34 3’末端cDNA序列。该3’末端cDNA序列长297bp,预测开放阅读框为162bp,编码53个氨基酸的蛋白质,经BLAST比对,该cDNA序列与斑马鱼、斑点叉尾鱼回、非洲爪蟾、大西洋鲑同源率达到82%～85%。利用实时定量RT-PCR检测核糖体蛋白L34mRNA在多鳞铲颌鱼组织中的表达,以及注射激素后在生殖腺中的表达。研究结果表明,核糖体蛋白L34基因在多鳞铲颌鱼雄生殖腺中特异性表达;核糖体蛋白L34在雌性生殖腺、心、脑、鳃、肠和肌肉中表达量较少,其中在雌性生殖腺表达量最低,雄性生殖腺表达量高于雌性生殖腺、肝、心、脑、鳃、肠、肌肉、脾,差异极显著(P0.01)。在雄性生殖腺注射甲基睾丸酮后,核糖体蛋白L34基因的表达量对照组高于注射组,差异显著(P0.05),在雌性生殖腺注射雌二醇后,核糖体蛋白L34基因表达量对照组高于注射组,差异极显著(P0.01)。     

Molecular cloning, characterization expression of P450c17-I and P450c17-II and their functions analysis during the reproductive cycle in males of barfin flounder (Verasper moseri)

P450c17, a key steroidogenic enzyme, plays important roles in the production of sex steroid and cortisol. In teleost, there are two types of P450c17, P450c17-I possessing 17α-hydroxylase and 17, 20-lyase activities, and P450c17-II only possessing 17α-hydroxylase activity. This work describes the molecular cloning of the cDNA encoding the barfin flounder (Verasper moseri) P450c17-I and P450c17-II by means of RT-PCR and 5' and 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) analyses and mRNA expression profiles analyzing by semiquantitative RT-PCR. Respectively, P450c17-I and P450c17-II mRNA levels in the testes correlated with serum testosterone (T) level, as well as gonadosomatic index (GSI) of males during specific stages of spermatogenesis. P450c17-I and P450c17-II mRNA were expressed in the testis and ovary, suggesting that both of them participate in the production of sex steroid in barfin flounder gonads. P450c17-I mRNA was undetectable; in contrast, P450c17-II mRNA was detected at the highest level in the head kidney, meaning that only P450c17-II is involved in the production of cortisol in barfin flounder. The results demonstrated that both of P450c17-I and P450c17-II participate in the production of sex steroid in male barfin flounder gonads.     

青虾冷休克蛋白Y-box编码基因的cDNA全长克隆与表达分析

为研究冷休克蛋白Y-box基因在青虾应答环境胁迫过程中所起的调控作用,实验应用RACE PCR技术首次克隆了青虾的冷休克蛋白Y-box基因全长c DNA序列,并利用在线软件对其序列特征进行生物信息学分析;采用实时荧光定量PCR技术对其在青虾不同组织及环境胁迫过程中的表达变化特征进行分析。青虾冷休克蛋白Y-box基因c DNA全长1501 bp,包括84 bp的5′末端非翻译区(UTR),876 bp的开放阅读框(ORF),541 bp的3′UTR,开放阅读框编码291个氨基酸。氨基酸相似度比对显示,青虾冷休克蛋白Y-box基因富含高度保守的冷休克结构域。系统进化树分析显示,青虾冷休克蛋白Y-box基因与水蚤等节肢动物冷休克Y-box聚类一支,具有最近的亲缘关系。荧光定量PCR检测显示,冷休克蛋白Y-box基因在青虾不同组织中均有表达,其表达量在肝胰腺组织中最高,使用荧光定量PCR检测青虾冷休克蛋白Y-box基因在低温胁迫和恢复条件下在肝胰腺中的m RNA时空表达情况,结果显示,与对照组相比冷休克蛋白Y-box在肝胰腺中的表达量分别在低温和低氧胁迫3,6和12 h出现了显著上调,而在恢复刺激后其表达量与对照组差异不显著。此外,本实验对Y-box进行了原核表达,为进一步研究Y-box基因的功能奠定了基础。     

雄性黄颡鱼芳香化酶基因mRNA在性成熟期组织中表达分析

在水温分别为20(常温对照组)、25、30℃条件下,采用RT-PCR方法,研究性腺成熟期雄性黄颡鱼组织中P450芳香化酶(P450aromA和P450aromB)的mRNA表达水平,同时测定性腺成熟系数(GSI)、肝重指数(HSI)、肥满度(CF)和血浆睾酮(T),雌二醇(E2)含量。结果表明,P450aromA在性腺发育成熟期雄性黄颡鱼心脏、肝、脾、胃、肾脏、精巢、鳃、脑、头肾、肠管组织中均无表达,P450aromB只在脑和肠中有表达,在脑中表达量高于肠,表达量随着水温升高而显著下降;各组实验鱼血浆T和E2含量与芳香化酶基因表达量存在相关关系。该实验结果表明,P450aromA可能与精子发生相关,可能不参与黄颡鱼精子排放过程;P450aromB在雄鱼脑中高度表达,可能参与性腺成熟期精子活力保持与排放过程,且应激温度越高,对性腺成熟期精子活力保持与排放过程影响越大。     

Neuroanatomical distribution and partial sequence of cDNA encoding brain cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450aromB) in pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis

The molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding the pejerrey brain cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450aromB) is described. This form shares higher identity to other brain aromatases than with their respective ovarian counterparts and the self ovarian aromatase. Tissue-specific expression of both aromatases was examined in pejerrey by RT-PCR. The immunocytochemical distribution of P450aromB was described.     

条斑星鲽CYP19a基因克隆及其在雄鱼生殖周期中的表达

细胞色素P450芳香化酶(P450arom)作为P450细胞色素酶超家族中的一员,是性类固醇生成途径中的末端酶,能够将雄激素转化为雌激素。在大多数脊椎动物中,P450arom由CYP19单基因编码。但是在鱼类中存在两种P450芳香化酶,分为性腺型芳香化酶(P450aromA)和脑型芳香化酶(P450aromB),它们由不同的基因(CYP19a和CYP19b)编码,分布在不同的组织。通过简并引物扩增及RACE cDNA扩增克隆,在国内外首次获得全长为2167bp的条斑星鲽CYP19a cDNA序列,并将推测的氨基酸序列与其它物种P450arom氨基酸序列进行多重比较,发现存在跨膜螺旋区、I-螺旋区、Ozol肽区、芳香化酶特异保守区以及血红素结合区。通过RT-PCR分析了P450aromA mRNA在条斑星鲽不同组织中的表达情况,结果表明,CYP19a基因主要在脑、卵巢和精巢中表达,其次在肠、肝脏、肾脏也有少量表达。同时也分析了P450aromA mRNA在处于不同发育期的精巢中的表达情况,发现在Ⅱ期精巢中表达量最高,在Ⅴ期精巢中表达量最低。     

Molecular characterization and expression pattern of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in common carp, Cyprinus carpio

A full-length cDNA encoding the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) was cloned from the liver of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) by RT-PCR. The IGFBP-3 cDNA sequence is 1,680 bp long and has an open reading frame of 882 bp encoding a predicted polypeptide of 293 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence contains a putative signal peptide of 25 amino acid residues resulting in a mature protein of 268 amino acids. A single band of approximate 1.9 kb was found in liver by Northern blot analysis. IGFBP-3 mRNA was observed in all regions of brain with high levels. In peripheral tissues, high levels of IGFBP-3 mRNA were found in retina, red muscle, liver, heart, posterior intestine, spleen, and testis. Relatively lower levels were found in white muscle, kidney, thymus gland, and ovary, while in head kidney, blood, skin, gill, middle intestine, and anterior intestine, the IGFBP-3 mRNA levels were much lower. IGFBP-3 mRNA was first detected in the blastula stage with significantly high level. The level sharply decreased in gastrula stage, and it became to increase in the following stages. During the reproductive cycle, the abundance of IGFBP-3 mRNA significantly decreased between the recrudescing stage and the matured stage in ovary, although in testis, IGFBP-3 mRNA expression level did not exhibit a significant change. The mRNA expression profiles in the present study imply that the IGFBP-3 may play important physiological functions in common carp development and reproduction.     

中华鳖dazl基因克隆及在生殖细胞中的表达

为探索龟鳖类生殖细胞的发育分化机制,实验通过特异性引物克隆了中华鳖dazl基因的cDNA片段,长1 007 bp,其中包括5′端非编码区197 bp,3′端非编码区33 bp,开放阅读框777 bp,编码258个氨基酸。氨基酸序列比对显示其与西部锦龟Dazl同源性最高,达96%;与小鼠Dazl同源性达75%。荧光定量PCR分析结果显示,中华鳖dazl mRNA主要在精巢和卵巢中表达,在体细胞组织中仅检测到微量表达。冰冻切片原位杂交结果显示,中华鳖dazl mRNA在生殖细胞中特异表达,且在不同时期的生殖细胞中呈动态表达模式。在精巢中,中华鳖dazl mRNA在初级和次级精母细胞中表达最强,在精原干细胞中表达水平次之,在精子细胞中未检测到信号;在卵巢中,中华鳖dazl mRNA信号在初级卵母细胞胞质中均匀分布且在最早期的初级卵母细胞中信号最强,随着卵母细胞的增大,信号逐渐聚集并逐渐减弱。研究表明,dazl基因可能对中华鳖两性生殖细胞的发生具有重要的调控作用。     

食蚊鱼CYP19a基因的克隆与序列分析

硬骨鱼类CYP19基因与生物的性别分化和激素调节相关,因此可开发用来探究环境激素污染与基因表达的关系。本研究首次克隆和分析了食蚊鱼CYP19a cDNA的全系列,为将CYP19基因作为监测环境激素生物标志物的研究提供了全面的实验数据。根据CYP19a基因c DNA保守区域设计引物,扩增保守区域并测序。采用RACE法扩增食蚊鱼CYP19a基因c DNA序列全长,对其蛋白序列进行同源性分析,并将序列应用于CYP19a mRNA转录水平的RT-PCR法检测中。成功克隆食蚊鱼CYP19a基因全长,获得CYP19a基因总长为2020 bp,ORF为238~1791 bp,共编码518个氨基酸,对其编码的蛋白质进行有关信号肽、跨膜螺旋、亲水性/疏水性、一级结构、二级结构和三级结构分析,与其他硬骨鱼类底鰆、青鰆、平鲷、鲫、鲤和斑马鱼的性腺CYP19a基因作同源性比较,其基因相似度分别为93%、84%、84%、71%、71%和66%。用MEGA6.0软件对19个物种的CYP19a基因进行聚类分析,食蚊鱼CYP19a基因与底鰆、青鰆同源性最高,说明芳香化酶在进化上相对保守。确定从食蚊鱼性腺所克隆的CYP19a基因是芳香化酶基因,证明食蚊鱼的芳香化酶是由CYP19a和CYP19b两种基因编码的。食蚊鱼卵巢芳香化酶具有3个高度保守的片段,并具有催化活性。     

Promoter analysis of two aromatase genes in the serial-sex changing gobiid fish, Trimma okinawae

Despite numerous endocrine studies on sex change in teleost, no general mechanism that mediates sex change has emerged. The gobiid fish, Trimma okinawae, can change sex in both directions repeatedly. This phenomenon of sex change in goby assigns it as an excellent animal model to elucidate the understanding mechanisms of sex change. In hermaphrodite fishes, estrogen plays a particularly important role in natural and experimentally induced sex change. To investigate the role of estrogen in the serial-sex changing fish T. okinawae, we cloned and analyzed the 5′-flanking regions of P450arom genes from goby genome DNA. Both regions have consensus sequences of TATA, CRE and ERE. Ad4 binding site was restricted in the region of P450aromA. These findings indicate that different regulators control the expression of the two P450arom genes.     

中华鳖StAR基因的克隆、表达及多克隆抗体制备

摘要 为探索StAR基因在中华鳖（Pelodiscus sinensis）性腺发育过程中的作用，利用RACE技术克隆获得中华鳖StAR基因全长cDNA，采用Real-time PCR分析其在不同组织及胚胎不同发育时期的表达情况，并制备多克隆抗体，采用western blot检测StAR在不同组织的表达，通过免疫组化对其在细胞中的表达进行定位，同时检测芳香化酶抑制剂来曲唑处理雄性中华鳖后StAR在精巢中的表达情况。结果显示：该基因全长2377bp，开放阅读框903bp，编码300个氨基酸。氨基酸序列比对及系统进化分析表明，中华鳖StAR与龟类亲缘关系最近。荧光定量PCR结果表明，StAR基因在精巢中表达量最高，显著高于其他组织；StAR基因于中华鳖胚胎发育16期已有表达，20期表达量最高，提示StAR可能参与中华鳖早期性腺分化;来曲唑处理的中华鳖精巢中，StAR表达量显著降低。本研究利用原核表达系统构建中华鳖StAR基因原核重组表达载体，经蛋白纯化后免疫小鼠，获得中华鳖StAR多克隆抗体。Western blot检测结果显示StAR在不同组织的表达量与荧光定量结果基本一致。免疫组化结果显示，StAR蛋白在卵巢间质细胞、精巢的间质细胞，精原细胞及胞质中表达。研究表明，StAR基因可能参与中华鳖性腺发育过程。