鱼鳞的研究现状及应用前景

综述了国内外有关鱼鳞的研究及应用的最新进展,包括鱼鳞的组织结构、化学组成以及鱼鳞胶原蛋白和羟基磷灰石的性质等,并对鱼鳞在多种领域的应用作了介绍。     

鱼鳞营养成分的分析及对高脂饲料大鼠血脂水平的影响

报道了我国几种淡水鱼鱼鳞基本化学组成,并考察了鱼鳞对高脂饲料大鼠甘油三酸酯（ＴＧ）和总胆固醇（ＴＣ）的影响。结果表明,鱼鳞粗蛋白质含量为４０％～８０％,糖、脂肪含量极低;氨基酸组成中,甘氨酸含量极高,并含有较多的天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸、精氨酸、脯氨酸、羟脯氨酸。矿物元素以钙、鳞含量较高。鱼鳞可有效防止大鼠实验性高胆固醇血症,并可降低进食高胆固醇饲料大鼠血清ＴＣ和ＴＧ含量。     

鱼鳞胶原蛋白的研究进展和应用前景

简述了鱼鳞的结构特点,结合鱼鳞胶原蛋白研发的相关背景和现状,列举了鱼鳞胶原蛋白的多种提取方法及其在医药、食品、化工等行业中的应用.     

丰年虾的家庭养殖

鱼鳞具有丰富的营养价值和使用价值,不但能够制取鱼鳞冻等进行食用,还可制作成鱼胶、角蛋白、磷酸氢钙、鸟嘌呤等生化产品,又可制成装饰物、闪光粉等休闲品.根据鱼鳞的特点应用不同的加工方法进行鱼鳞的加工和利用,使鱼鳞增值的同时也为其进一步利用提供了参考和依据.     

黄渤海常见鱼类鳞片的形态特征

本研究选取黄渤海28种常见鱼类为研究对象,描述不同部位鱼鳞的形态特征。结果显示,鲱形目鱼鳞鳞焦不明显,辐射沟呈横向或波纹状分布;鳕形目鱼鳞密布小方块状特殊结构;灯笼鱼目鱼鳞辐射沟数目少;鲈形目和鲉形目鱼鳞呈卵圆形或矩形,前区边缘有不规则钝齿结构;鲽形目鱼鳞前区辐射沟多而密集。不同科属鱼鳞在形状、鳞焦位置、环片形状、辐射沟特征、栉齿分布和侧线管形状等形态特征上有明显差异,可用于不同分类阶元的鉴定。本研究构建的鱼鳞形态信息库为鱼鳞沉积信息分析等基于鱼鳞形态的种类鉴别提供了基础资料。     

鱼鳞杂谈(二)

2鱼鳞加工工艺的继承和发展鱼类一旦摆脱了单纯的食用价值，成为人类物质生产与精神创造的对象，鱼类全身便成了处处为宝。这里面凝聚着中华民族的创造精神，使其具有丰富的内涵和广博的功用。人类应用动物胶已有悠久历史，早在2000多年前的后汉，我国就发明了松烟和动物胶制成书写用墨。水产动物明胶、鸟嘌呤是从鱼鳞、鱼皮、鱼骨等的胶原中提取的。直到现在，我国还在利用水产动物组织生产鱼鳞胶和鱼鳔胶。部分鱼鳞可提炼结晶物质光鳞，是制作牙刷柄、钢笔杆不可缺少的原料。胶原是鱼鳞组织中的一种纤维蛋白，由10多种氨基酸聚合、连接成…     

鱼鳞加工利用情况的研究进展

本文综述了鱼鳞的加工利用的研究情况.目前,对鱼鳞的加工研究主要有提取胶原蛋白、明胶、羟基磷灰石和脂肪酸等,随着研究的进一步深入,鱼鳞作为水产品加工的下脚料,必将能得到更充分的利用.     

鱼鳞的开发利用前景

随着我国渔业的发展,渔业加工也越来越引起人们的重视,但在加工的同时,产生出鱼体总重约30%的下脚料,其中下脚料的5%左右是鱼鳞。鱼鳞是鱼真皮层的变形物,鱼鳞的构造还不太清楚,但通过X射线研究,推测与动物的骨相似。显微镜下,鱼鳞表面能看到规则的隆起线形成的鳞相,鱼鳞的纹样可以作为鱼的种类、年龄等的标记,并且鱼鳞也可被作为重金属的污染监视指标而利用。关于鱼鳞的药用价值,在我国1500年前的《名医别录》中记载:取鲤、鲫之鳞片,文火熬成胶胨,可治妇女崩中带下,并对紫癜、齿龈出血有效。陈藏器、李时珍等对鱼鳞进行了专门的著述,在古…     

鱼鳞制胶及其综合利用

鱼鳞很适合提取优质胶。通过酸碱水解和酶促水解的比较，得出酶解工艺更适合鱼鳞制胶，并确定了酶解的最佳条件。鱼鳞胶的应用非常广泛，其副产品也可以利用。     

信息集萃

鱼鳞综合加工流水线在沪投产日前,鱼鳞综合加工流水线在上海青浦投产,每月可加工40~50吨的鱼鳞废弃物,生产出胶原蛋白、明胶、动物饲料等一系列高附加值产品。1吨鱼鳞产生的经济效益接近2.5万元。首先将鱼鳞分离为蛋白质和钙。蛋白质可提取出胶原蛋白,加工成胶原蛋白多肽产品或     

确定性前沿模型及其在测定我国农户精养淡水鱼技术效率中的应用

研究概述了确定性前沿模型的产生、分类、特点、参数求解方法及其在我国的应用现状。在此基础上,以2002年和2003年我国农户精养淡水鱼成本收益资料为样本,应用前沿模型理论建立了我国农户精养淡水鱼的确定性统计前沿模型并测定了这两年中我国主要淡水鱼养殖省市的农户精养淡水鱼技术效率,得出结论为:物质资本投入对我国农户精养淡水鱼产出的影响远大于劳动力投入;我国农户精养淡水鱼生产处于规模报酬不变阶段;我国农户精养淡水鱼生产存在着较大的技术无效性和管理缺失现状,这一现状存在着明显的地区差异和时间差异。     

我国鱼类近缘杂交研究及其在水产养殖上的应用

基因型不同的动物体间相互交配的过程称为杂交(hybridization)。杂交是被广泛采用的育种手段。杂交的主要目的在于获得杂种优势,并通过杂交选育新品种或新品系。根据杂交亲本的亲缘关系,杂交可分为远缘杂交(remote hybridization,distant hybridization)和近缘杂交(closehybrid     

Relative influences of catchment‐ and reach‐scale abiotic factors on freshwater fish communities in rivers of northeastern Mesoamerica

Esselman PC, Allan JD. Relative influences of catchment‐ and reach‐scale abiotic factors on freshwater fish communities in rivers of northeastern Mesoamerica. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 439–454. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract – While the abiotic factors important to freshwater fish assemblages at a reach scale are well understood, studies of larger scale constraints have yielded variable conclusions, spurring a need for further studies in new biogeographic contexts. This study investigated the importance of catchment‐ and reach‐scale abiotic factors to variation in freshwater fish assemblages in rivers of northeastern Mesoamerica. Abiotic variables and fish data from 72 sampling sites on main stem rivers of Belize were used with partial constrained ordination to determine the proportion of spatially structured and unstructured variation in fish presence and absence, relative abundance, and community metrics explained by catchment‐ and reach‐scale environmental factors. Results showed that, combined, catchment and reach variables explained a large portion of the total variation in the fish assemblage data (54–75%), and that catchment environment explained a greater portion of variation (42–63%) than reach environment (34–50%). Variables representing landscape position (local elevation, watershed area) and their reach‐level correlates (channel width, depth variation, and substrate) correlated strongly to the fish assemblage data. Our results suggest that landscape‐scale factors have a stronger relative influence on assemblages than environmental conditions at the reach scale within our study area. These results contrast with past findings that showed greater local scale influence in landscapes with low anthropogenic disturbance levels. Our findings suggest that biodiversity conservation efforts should consider assemblage variation across a longitudinal gradient, and that a multi‐catchment region is a biologically relevant scale for fish conservation planning and coordination in northeastern Mesoamerica.     

响应面法优化鱼鳞脱钙工艺的研究

利用响应面分析法对罗非鱼(Tilapia mossambica)鱼鳞的脱钙工艺进行优化。以鱼鳞脱钙率为指标,选取盐酸浓度、底物浓度、反应温度及反应时间为影响因子,进行单因素试验,筛选出适当的因素和水平,根据Box-Behnken中心组合设计,按照所建立的动态方程模型,分析各因素的显著性和交互作用,得出罗非鱼鱼鳞脱钙的最佳工艺条件为:盐酸浓度2.9%,底物浓度6.3%,反应时间1.9 h,该条件下鱼鳞脱钙率为99.55%。     

Ecological traits of fish assemblages from Mediterranean Europe and their responses to human disturbance

Abstract  Mediterranean river systems are characterised by more diverse fish assemblages and regional ecological processes compared with the rest of Europe. A data set from Mediterranean France, Iberia and Greece (∼2000 sites) was used to describe the characteristics of fish assemblages, explore their responses to anthropogenic disturbance and analyse the implications for river quality assessment. There was a southwards decline in species richness per site, but endemicity and proportion of alien species increased. Sites in the eastern Mediterranean had higher endemicity, lower site richness and lower number of alien species than sites in western Mediterranean Europe. Assemblage composition differed between Mediterranean sub-regions, but was dominated by three major fish types: a salmonid fish type common throughout the study area and two cyprinid-dominated fish types (in some sub-regions, Salmo trutta L. is present but not numerically dominant), corresponding to a gradient in hydrological and temperature regimes. Metric responses to perturbation were compared with those found at the European (larger scale) and basin (smaller scale) levels. Overall metric response was weaker in this Mediterranean application. The best responses to human pressure were usually obtained with abundance-based metrics and included the contribution of naturalised alien species. Some widespread alien species contributed to the response to anthropogenic alteration (notably Cyprinus carpio L. and Lepomis gibbosus (L.)).     

If you build it,they will go: A case study of stream fish diversity loss in an urbanizing riverscape

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